96年-99年托福语法真题（可编辑）

96年-99年托福语法真题（可编辑） 96年-99年托福语法真题 1996年01月语法题 1 1996年05月语法题 6 1996年08月语法题 10 1996年10月语法题 14 1997年01月语法题 18 1997年01月北美语法题 22 1997年05月语法题 26 1997年08月语法题 31 1997年10月语法题 35 1997年12月北美语法题 40 1998年01月语法题 44 1998年05月语法题 48 1998年08月语法题 52 1998年08月语法题 57 1998年08月北美语法题 62 1998年10月语法题 67 1999年01月语法题 72 1999年05月语法题 76 1999年08月语法题 81 1999年10月语法题 86 1996年01月语法题 1. Sociologists have long recognized that social tension _____. A elements from group living. B elements of a normal group life C living are a group of elements. D are normal elements of group life 答案:D A 和 B 。 C 结构混乱，无法与从句连接，故也排除。 参考译文:社会学家很久以前已经意识到社会压力是群体生活中的正常因 素。 2. _____ have a very keen sense of hearing, although most do not hear sounds audible to the human ear. A While some insects do B Some insects which C Some insects D That some insects. 答案:C A 、 B 、 D 均使主句变为从句，故选 C 。 参考译文: 一些昆虫有非常敏锐的听觉，尽管它们中的大多数听不到那些 人类的耳朵可以听到的声响。 3. Although both political parties wanted Dwight D. Eisenhower as their presidential nominee in 1952, he became a Republican candidate and _____. A President was electing B was elected President C to elect the President D being elected president. 答案:B 分析:空格前是并列连词and，空格处显然缺并列成分。 A 中及物动词elect后缺宾语， C 、 D 找不到相应的并列成分，故选 B 。 参考译文:虽然两个政党在1952年都想要Dwight D. Eisenhower成为它们的总统候选人，他还是成为共和党候选人并被选举为总统。 4. If an act is rewarded many times, immediately and with strong reinforces, it will rapidly become _____. A a habit B into a habit C that which a habit D a habit can be 答案:A ,空格处缺表语。 B 中into为多余介词， C 中多从句引导词; D 中多谓语动词，故选 A 。 参考译文:如果一种行为被奖励多次，立即地并通过奖励刺激，它将很快成为一种习惯。 5. Giant pandas resemble bears in shape and in _____. A it is a slow, clumsy way to walk B the slow, clumsy way they walk C they walk in a slow, clumsy way D their slow walk is clumsy. 答案:B and和介词in，空格处缺名词作介词in的宾语。 A 、 C 、 D 均为句子，但都没有从句引导词(故选 B 参考译文:大熊猫在外形以及缓慢、笨拙的行走方式上都类似于熊。 6. _____ temperature at which air holds as much water vapor as it can is called the dew point. A It is the B Is the C As the D The 答案:D A 、 B 均含谓语动词，不能直接修饰名词，排除， C 中as为从句引导词，使整个句子变为从句，故也排除。 D 为定冠词修饰名词，故选 D 。 参考译文:使空气含有饱和水汽量时的温度称为露点。 7. The earring is one of the oldest known ornaments and _____ pieces of stone, bone, or shell. A was from originally from B was made originally from C originally made was from D from originally made was 答案:B and，四个选项用词相同，但词序不一样，根据平行原则，正确选项为 B 。 参考译文: 耳环是已知的最古老的饰品之一，最初由石块、骨头和贝壳制 成。 8. No one knows exactly _____. A how did speech begin B how speech began C how the beginning of speech D of how beginning speech. 答案:B how，可知空格处缺从句。 A 语序不对， C 、 D 缺从句谓语动词，故排除。 B 为how引导宾语从句，结构完整，故选 B 。 参考译文:没有人确切地知道演讲该如何开始。 9. _____ mechanical device has ever been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on cloth. A No B Not the C Never has a D There is no 答案:A C 、 D 多谓语动词，可以先排除， B 中not为副词，不能直接修饰名词，故选 A 。 参考译文:没有机器曾被发明用来令人满意地取代起绒刺果在织物上制作绒面。 10. Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers. A performances by Fanny Brice were B it was known that Fanny Brice’s performances were C audiences knew that Fanny Brice’s performances were D Fanny Brice knew that performing was 答案:D 分析:从空格前的状语可判断出主句主语为指人的名词，故正确选项为 D 。 参考译文:在她还是一个小女孩的时候，Fanny Brice已经知道表演将要成为她的生命，而观众将成为她最好的老师。 11. _____ the diffusion of heat upward to the Earth’s surface, the temperature within the Earth remains constant. A That B Despite C If D When 答案:B A 、 C 、 D 。 参考译文:尽管向地球表面有热传递，地球内部的温度一直保持恒定。 12. Noise in a room may be reduced by carpeting, draperies, and upholstered furniture, _____ absorb sound. A which they all B of them all C all of which D of all which 答案:C A 中多主语they，因为which同时作主语， B 没有从句引导词， D 为介词短语，不能做主语，故选C。 参考译文:房间中的噪音可能因为地毯、帷帐、布饰家具而减弱，这些都会吸收声音。 13. _____ devised to lessen the drudgery of washing clothes that origin of the washing machine is unclear. A Were the inventions so numerous B The inventions so numerous C So numerous were the inventions D The inventions that were so numerous 答案:C that可知空格处有so一词并构成主句。 A 缺主语( B 缺谓语动词，因为devised是过去分词，不能单独作谓语， D 中多从句引导词that，故三个选项 均可排除。 C 中so加形容词放在句首，后面有倒装的主谓结构配合，符合英语 表达习惯，故选 C 。 参考译文:被 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 用来减轻洗衣服这种苦差事的发明是如此众多以至于洗衣 机的起因已经不明确了。 14. Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America, _____ bright red plumage, like the cardinal, are most often designated as state bird. A those that have B who have C which have D to have their 答案:A B 、 C 均不能作主语， D 不定式作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式，而 句中谓语动词是复数形式are，故正确答案为 A 。 参考译文:北美洲上千个品种的鸟类中，那些有鲜红色羽毛的品种，比如主 红雀，通常被指定为州鸟。 15. _____ as a territory in 1854 and admitted as a state in 1861, Kansas is at the geographical center of the United States. A By organizing B Because organized C Organized D He had organized 答案:C organize为及物动词，后面没有宾语，故首先排除主动语态形式 A 、 D 。 B 缺从句主语和构成被动语态的助动词，故正确答案为 C 。此题还可以运用平 行原则解答，and后面是过去分词加介词短语，前面也应该是过去分词加介词短 语。 参考译文:于1854年组成领地，并在1861年被承认为州，堪萨斯州是美国 的地理中心。 16. Before pioneers cleared the land for farms, cities, and road, forests covered about 40 percent of what is now the state of Illinois. 答案:B road为可数名词，根据平行原则，在句中应用复数形式。 改正:road ? roads 参考译文: 在开辟者为农场，城市和道路清除土地之前, 森林覆盖着现在 是伊利诺州的40% 的土地。 17. The sea chantey, a type of folk music, not only described the pleasures of stations’ lives ashore, also but the harsh conditions of life aboard ship. 答案:C not only„but also 为固定用法，also一词有时可以省略，但不能放在but 前面。 改正: 去掉also 参考译文:船歌，作为一种民间音乐，不仅描述了岸上快乐的生活，也描述 了船上艰难的情况。 18. Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota has a heads of four presidents of the United States carved into its face. 答案:B a后面一般跟单数名词，根据题意，此处应改为定冠词。 改正:a ? the 参考译文: 南达科他州的罗斯摩尔山国家纪念公园有美国四大总统的雕像。 19. Nest building is much less commonly among mammals than among birds. 答案:B 分析:commonly为副词，不能作表语，故改为形容词。 改正:commonly ? common 参考译文:筑巢在哺乳动物中比在鸟类中要少见得多。 20. The Awakening, a novel by Kate Chopin, shocked readers and cause a storm of criticism. 答案:C and后面的动词与前面的动词应保持时态上的―致。 改正:cause ? caused 参考译文:《唤醒》, Kate Chopin 的一本小说, 震动了读者并引起了一阵 猛烈的抨击。 21. The Alaskan Highway was officially opened November 20, 1942, although much more work needed be done to complete it. 答案:D need作实义动词时后面不能直接接动词，此题的need后面应接不定式。 改正:needed be ? needed to be 参考译文: 阿拉斯加公路于1942年11月20日正式开通，尽管要全部完成 还有很多工作要做。 22. Sagebrush flourishes in the dry soil of the western plains, where other many plants cannot grow. 答案:C 分析:修饰名词时，表示数量的词应放在表示性质的词前面。 改正:other many ? many other 参考译文: 山艾树在西部平原干燥的土壤中生长得很繁茂，其他的许多植 物都无法在那里生长。 23. Modern directions of Shakespeare are not longer inhibited by earlier traditions of realistic settings. 答案:B no longer为固定搭配，意为“不再„”。 改正:not ? no 参考译文: 莎士比亚的现代导演手法不再被早期传统的现实主义的舞台背 景所限制。 24. Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleasing that an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on commercial flights within the continental United States. 答案:A please作“使„高兴”解时为及物动词，句中名词passengers显然为动作 的接受者，故把现在分词改为过去分词构成被动语态。 改正:are pleasing ? are pleased 参考译文:调查显示多数乘客都很高兴关于商业飞机在美国大陆上空飞行时 禁止吸烟的 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 的达成。 25. Snakes are capable of graceful motion throughout the entire long of their rubbery bodies. 答案:C entire可知后面接名词，故把形容词long改为名词length。 改正:entire long ? entire length 参考译文:蛇可以优雅地移动它们整个长而富有弹性的躯体。 26. Tariffs preventing the most efficient use of the world’s resources by restricting division of labor to national boundaries. 答案:A 分析:整个句子缺谓语动词，故将非谓语动词preventing还原成谓语动词。 改正:preventing ? prevent 参考译文: 通过把劳动力限制在各国边界之内，关税阻止了世界资源的有 效利用， 27. The Aleuts in western Alaska have always depended of the sea for food. 答案:C 分析:depend on为固定搭配。 改正:of ? on 参考译文: 阿拉斯加州西部的阿留申人总是靠海洋谋食。 28. Atoms that having different atomic numbers generally behave differently. 答案:A 分析:that引导的从句中缺谓语动词，故把非谓语动词having还原成谓语 动词。 改正:having ? have 参考译文:拥有不同原子序数的原子表现也不同。 29. Over the past few year, many towns in the United States have been joining with neighboring communities to share the costs of government. 答案:A few可知后面的名词为复数形式。 改正:few year ? few years 参考译文:在过去的几年中，美国的许多城市不断地与周围的社区合并从而 分担政府费用。 30. What makes for human skeleton hard and strong is the presence of the metallic element calcium. 答案:A make+宾语+宾语补足语结构。Make for为“弥补”的意思，不合题意，故 去掉介词for。 改正:for human ? human 参考译文:正是金属元素钙使得人类的骨骼变得坚硬。 31. Many of Robert Bly’s poems explore solitude, natural vigor, and silent in an immediate and modern idiom. 答案:B B 应该为名词而不是形容词。 改正:silent ? silence 参考译文: Robert Bly的许多诗歌在直接的现代的艺术特色中探寻孤独、 天然的活力和沉默。 32. To convert an angle measured in radians for an equivalent angle measured in degrees, multiply the number of radians by 57.296. 答案:B convert..into为固定搭配，意为“把„变成”。 改正:for ? into 参考译文:要把一个用弧度测量的角转变成为相等的用角度测量的角，须将 弧度数乘以57.296。 33. Serving as chief of the United States Children’s Bureau from 1921 to 1934., Grace Abbott fought for the rights of women and children through the world. 答案:D through一般表示“通过„方式”。throughout the world为固定搭配，也 可说all over the world，意指“全世界”。 改正:through ? throughout 参考译文:从1921年到1934年，作为美国儿童办公署的首领，Grace Abbott 在世界各地为了妇女和儿童的权益而斗争。 34. To people from temperate climates, tropical butterflies may seem incredible big. 答案:D 分析:incredible为形容词，不能修饰形容词big，故改为副词。 改正:incredible ? incredibly 参考译文:对于从温带气候中来的人们，热带的蝴蝶看起来大得难以置信。 35. The first railroad in the United States were short wooden tramways connecting mines also quarries with nearby streams. 答案:C also为副词，不能连接并列的名词，故改为并列连词and。 改正:also ? and 参考译文:美国的第一条铁路是一条连接矿区和采石场、沿着溪流地短的木 制轨道。 36. The league of Women Voters of the United States identifies certain local, state, and nation issues for study and action. 答案:B and前面的local和state均为形容词，nation为名词，不能构成并列关系， 故改为形容词。 改正:nation ? national 参考译文:美国妇女选民同盟鉴别一些地方的、州的以及国家问题用来研究 和活动。 37. Fibers can come from plants, animals, or mineral ores, or they may be made from a variety chemical substances. 答案:D a variety of为固定搭配。 改正:variety chemical ? variety of chemical 参考译文: 纤维可能来自植物，动物，矿石，或者也可以由多种化学物质 制成。 38. Edwin Franko Goldman was the first bandmaster to encourage leading contemporary compositions to write original works for a band. 答案:B composition为指物的名词，根据题意，应用指人的名词，故改为composers。 改正:composition ? composers 参考译文: Edwin Franko Goldman是第一个鼓励当代一流作曲家为乐队制 作原创作品的乐队指挥。 39. The tapir, an odd-toed, hoofed mammal, feed on plants, eating such things as grass, leaves, fallen fruit, and moss in large quantities. 答案:A 改正:feed ? feeds 参考译文: 貘，一种具有奇数足趾的有蹄类哺乳动物，以植物为食，吃大 量的草、树叶、落下的水果和苔藓等。 40. For thousands of years, people have used some kind of refrigeration cooling beverages and preserve edibles. 答案:C use作动词时，后面的非谓语动词用不定式，从and后面的动词preserve 也可知前面不是-ing形式。 改正:cooling ? to cool 参考译文:数千年来，人们利用一些冷藏方法冷却饮料并保存食品。 1996年05月语法题 1. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by _____ the trails of meteors passing through it. A to watch B watching C watched D watch 答案:B by,由此判断空格处是非谓语动词-ing形式，故选B. 参考译文:通过观察大气中层的流星可以测定风的移动。 2. Thomas Edison’s first patented invention was a device_____ in Congress. A votes counted for B had been counting votes C for counting vote D be a counted vote 答案:C A , B , D ,均含有谓语动词，但没有从句引导词，不符和谓语单一性原则，故选 C . 参考译文:Thomas Edison第一个取得专利权的发明是一个为美国国会选票计数的装置。 3. Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1920’s, retired _____ she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films. A nevertheless B in spite of C because D and for 答案:C C能引导从句，故选 C . 参考译文:十八世纪二十年代的著名女影星Clara Bow，因为无法适应无声 电影到有声电影的过度而退休。 4. Built in 1882, the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2,058 - foot length. A who B to whom C which they D that which 答案:A A . 参考译文:建于1882年宾西法尼亚Mckean郡的Kinzua Viaduct只对能够 步行2058米的游客开放。 5. A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it. A as well B so well C as well as D so well as 答案:C as well和as well as都是固定搭配，as well as一般放在句子中间，表示同级比较，as well一般位于句尾。故选 A . 参考译文:一座桥必须能承担自身的重量和通过它的人和车的重量。 6. The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring. A to return B who returned C they returned D for returning 答案:D be famous for为固定搭配，故A错。 B , C 为句子，缺从句引导词，故排除。 参考译文:Capistrano的燕子以在每年春天可以返回位于加利福尼亚的同一个巢而著称。 7. In the fourteenth century, _____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven. A the discovery B it was discovered C with the discovery D if it was discovered 答案:B that引导的从句，空格处缺少主句。只有 B 为完整的主谓结构，故选 B . 参考译文:在十四世纪，人们发现涂有硝酸银的玻璃在炉中烧后会变黄。 8. _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia. A When B Whereas C Which D Whether 答案:A B)明显不和题意。(C), D 不能引导状语从句，故选 A . 参考译文:恐惧是当没有真实危险时反复出现的害怕。 9. Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs. A than light is B than light C being light D light 答案:B other than为固定搭配，后面一般不接句子，故选 B . 参考译文:许多现代摄影师都尝试着在他们的照片中熟练地运用光以外的摄 影要素。 10. For any adhesive to make a really strong bond, _____ to be glued must be absolutely clean and free from moisture or grease. A and surfaces B when surfaces C the surfaces D surfaces that 答案:C A , B , D 均不能直接作主语，故选 C . 参考译文:对于任何强力的胶粘剂来说，需要粘和的表面都必须是干净的， 而且不含水分和油脂。 11. Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island. A brought B to be brought C being brought D is being brought 答案:D B 和 C 。bring为及物动词，空格后没有宾语，在句子中应用被动语态， 故选 D . 参考译文:虽然仍在水下，但夏威胰最年轻的海底山Loihi被可以增加熔岩层的频繁的火山喷发推向水面。 12. _____ unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known. A For a star to become B How a star becomes C A star becomes D That a star is becoming 答案:B and可知应选主语从句引导词，从句主语和explodes并列的谓语动词。 A , C 均无引导词，可排除。 D 可以用做主语从句，但不和题意，故选 B . 参考译文:一个星球如何变得不稳定和爆炸成为超新星是未知的。 13. Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _____ hard - wearing, easy - to - clean flooring. A any house did have B did any house have C house had any D any house had 答案:B not until放在句首可知主句的主谓倒装。故选 B . 参考译文:直到1860年油毡被发明时，房屋才有了不易磨损和易清洁的地面。 14. Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870. A which B to which C and which D being which 答案:B A 中which一般做定语从句的主语，从句中有主语是它一般做介词宾语， 此时前面缺介词。 C D 中which前面都不是介词，故选 B . 参考译文:美国参议院的第一个黑人成员Hiram Revels,作为来自密西西比 的参议员，就职于他1870年时被任命的部门。 15. Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____. A to constantly flow into them B is constantly flowing into them C constantly flows into them D constantly flowing into them 答案:D B C 均有谓语动词，但没有从句引导词，所以排除。 A 为不定式短语， 可作状语，但不和题意。 D 为现在分词，修饰river water，符合题意。 参考译文:海洋由于蒸发而持续损失流入其中的河水。 16. Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein, a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself. 答案:A because because of 分析:Because of 后面应接名词或名词短语，because后才可接从句。 参考译文:病毒不能自行进食和生殖，因为它只含有被蛋白质包着的DNA 的一个相对较短的链。 17. The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color. 答案:C 改正:tasted taste 分析:tasted为过去分词，不能和后面的名词并列做宾语。 参考译文:我们所呼吸的空气中的氧没有味道，气味或颜色。 18. In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York Metropolitan Opera, Where her became the star soprano. 答案:C 改正:her she 分析:her为宾格代词，不能在从句中做主语，故改为主格代词she. 参考译文:1977年Kathleen Battle被纽约歌剧院聘用，在那里她成为了 女高音明星。 19. The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites. 答案:D 改正:catches catch 分析:动词不定式有时态和语态的变化，但没有数的变化。 参考译文:土豚是一种可以在地上打洞捉蚂蚁和白蚁的哺乳动物。 20. Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate of farms has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets. 答案:A locate location 分析:locate为动词，不能做主语，故改为名词。请大家切记of前后都要 用名词形式的成分。 参考译文:由于利用卡车和便于进入高速公路，农场选址在距市场大距方面 变得不那么重要了。 21. The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as uniquely, innovative, and valuable. 答案:C uniquely unique 分析:此题考察的是平行原则，故将副词改为形容词。TOEFL语法考试中， 一般在这种平行结构出现时，就是正确选项出现的时候，请大家注意～ 参考译文:传奇的建筑学家Frank Lloyd Wright创造的房屋一直被视为是 独特的，创新的和价值的。 22. Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods. 答案:B to identification to identify 分析:由形式宾语it可知后面有不定式短语，但identification是名词， 故改为动词。 参考译文:地质学家发现坚定岩石样本中的化石十分有用，因为特别地质时 期所含的特定集合物是不同的。 23. Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in a given poem. 答案:D among between 分析:among用指两个以上的“在„„中”，两者之间要用between。 参考译文:许多诗人通过对诗歌进行现实主义象征主义的对比来提高他们作 品价值。 24. Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops. 答案:B 改正:few some 分析:extent是不可数名词，不能用few修饰，“to some extent”指“在 某种程度上”。 参考译文: 大多数国家依靠一定程度的谷物进口来增加自己的粮食量。 25. The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and are used for seasoning foods. 答案:B to sell are sold 分析:根据平行原则，and前面应该有与are used并列的谓语动词。 平行结构出题频繁，希望大家注意。 参考译文:月桂树香页被商业性出售，并且被用来作调味品。 26. When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound. 答案:B 改正:hunger hungry 分析:平行结构，when后面的都是形容词。(本套题目中第三次考察平行结 构)。 参考译文:猫在满意时饿的时候经常发出呜呜的叫声。 27. The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of these adaptations. 答案:D refine refinement 分析:不定冠词a后一般接名词，根据平行原则，此处也要用名词，对应 history. 参考译文:鱼类进化是一个持续适应新情况和改进适应能力的过程。 28. In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General launched several programs to address particular problem that young people have. 答案:D problem problems 分析:可数名词不能单独存在，要有冠词修饰或变为复数形式。 参考译文:1991年美国卫生局医务官员Antrona Novello发起了几个活动 来解决年轻人遇到的特殊问题。 29. Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible,and competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve. 答案:D likely more more likely 分析:语序错误，more构成形容词比较级时放在形容词前面。 参考译文:一些心理学家认为那些在儿童时期被鼓励自由发展，有责任心和 有竞争意识的人比其它人更有成功的欲望。 30. The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve a carefully chosen goal. 答案:A for making to make 分析:表示目的一般用动词不定式。 参考译文:管理的核心目的是通过每个措施和决定来达到一个精心选择的目 标。 31. As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms. 答案:A 改正:poetry poet 分析:poetry是“诗歌”的总称，poet是“诗人”。 参考译文:诗人NG有效的利用了爵士和蓝调韵律。 32. Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for many years, ceramics and glassware although easily broken, survive well in the ground. 答案:B tendency tend 分析:which从句中缺少谓语动词，故改为tend。tend to+动词不定式指“易 于，往往会”。 参考译文:陶制品和玻璃制品虽然很易碎，但可以在地下很好的保存，不象 木头，纸和纤维一样会分解。 33. Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child - rearing, personality, and culture. 答案:A famous fame 分析:famous 是形容词，不能做宾语，故改为名词。 参考译文: MM在对儿童的培养，人性和文化方面的研究局势闻名。 34. The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for the treatment of infectious diseases until 1940. 答案:B has not produce did not produce 分析:until 1904表示时间是过去，所以谓语应该用一般过去时。 参考译文:1928年发明的抗生素盘尼西林直到1940年才被用于对付传染病。 35. In the United State, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen by the President to head an executive department of the government. 答案:A consist consists 分析:主语谓语单复数应一致。这是常考的考点。 参考译文:美国内阁由一些顾问组成，他们是由总统挑选的，用来组成一个 执行政府部门。 36. Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands. 答案:D response of response to 分析:in response to 是习惯表达法。 参考译文:重新建立起的美国的大学应社会的要求做了广泛的学科设置，来 回复美国解放战争带来的不利影响。 37. Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material into elements usable by plants. 答案:A during when 分析:during是介词，后面不能接从句，when是连词，可以引导从句。 参考译文:当土壤中的微生物将动植物分解成对植物有用的物质时，腐殖质 产生了。 38. Ozone is an unstable faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen. 答案:D 改正:chemical chemically 分析:active是形容词，要用副词修饰。 参考译文:臭氧是一种不稳定，淡蓝色的，化学性质似氧的气体。 39. The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth century. 答案:D to nineteenth century to the nineteenth 分析:序数词前应该加冠词the。Century可以省略。 参考译文:美国的职业运动的发展可以追溯到19世纪。 40. Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences on education and thought in the United States and elsewhere. 答案:C influences influence 分析:前面有不定冠词a，可知后面用单数。 参考译文:John Dewey在去世前很久发现他的哲学对教育产生了深刻的影响，而且被美国和全世界所研究。 1996年08月语法题 1. A microscope can reveal vastly _____ detail than is visible to the naked eye. A than B than more C more than D more. 答案:D than可知空各处应填more. 参考译文:一台显微镜能展示远超过肉眼看见的非常多的细节。 2. Narcissus bulbs _____ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soil. A should be planted B to plant C must planting D should plant 答案:A B 。 C 中must后应该接动词原形，故也排除。Plant是及物动词，在没有宾语的情况下应该用被动语态形式，故选 A . 参考译文:种植水仙花球时应该至少保持3IN的间距，并且要用大约4IN的有良好透水性的土壤覆盖。 3. Industrialization has been responsible for _____ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans. A a B the C some of which D which are the 答案:B 参考译文:由人类所造成的环境变化中，工业化导致了环境最根本的变化。 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land _____ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet. A neither permit B without permitting C nor permitting D do not permit. 答案:D A 项没有与neither对应的nor.(B)(C)不能做谓语，故选(D). 参考译文:在许多地区，陆地的坡度和地形决定了过量的雨水是不能排到自然的出口的。 5. Color and light, taken together, _____ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building. A very powerfully influence B very influence powerfully C powerfully very influence D influence powerfully very. 答案:A very修饰副词powerfully，必须放在powerfully之前。故选 A . 参考译文:颜色和光混合一起，将对一座建筑物内部的审美效果产生非常强烈的影响。 6. _____ that Rachel Carson’s 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides. A There is likely B Likely to be C It is likely D Likely 答案:C that后是从句，空格应填主句。 B D 没有谓语动词， 参考译文:Rachel Carson于1962年出版的《沉静的春天》一 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 可能是发展无毒杀虫这一灵感的主要源泉之一。 7. Total color blindness, _____, is the result of a defect in the retina. A a rare condition that B a rare condition C that a rare condition D is a rare condition. 答案:B A C 含从句引导词，但没有谓语动词， D 有谓语动词，但没有从句引导词，均排除。 B 为名词短语做同位语，故选 B 。 参考译文:完全色盲，一种稀有的症状，是由视网膜缺陷所致。 8. _____ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world. A Even B But C Although D So. 答案:C A B D 都不能引导从句，故选 C . 参考译文:尽管没有令人信服的证据，许多专家们依然坚信，车轮一旦被发明接着就传遍全世界。 9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is _____ in various forms. A abundant B the abundance C an abundant D it abundant 答案:A is是系动词，空格处应是表语。 C 缺名词做中心词， D 多it,排除。根据题意应选 A 参考译文:无论何处，在生长季节期间，只要由大量雨水，就会有各种各样的生命存在。 10. In her time, Isadora Duncan was _____ today a liberated woman. A calling what we would B who would be calling C what we would call D she would call it. 答案:C was是句子谓语，四个选项里都有动词，所以空格处应是从句的引导词和从句主谓语，排除 A D 。空格前没有指人的先行词，排除 B . 参考译文: 按照今天的说法，在Isadora Duncan时代，她应该视为是一位获得解放的女性。 11. _____ around stones that are sun-warmed, even the smallest of stones creates tiny currents of warm air. A The cool air B If the air is cool C That the air cools D The cooler the air. 答案:B A)是名词短语， C 是主语从句， D 是the more„the more句型，后面没有与之对应的比较成分，故排除。 B 为状语从句，符合题意。 参考译文:如果被太阳照热的石头周围空气是凉的，那么即使是最小的石头 也会产生微小的暖气流。 12. Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation, country music has certain common features _____ its own special character. A give it that B that give it C give that D that gives it to 答案:B features的修饰语。 A C 从句引导词的位置不对， D 多介词to，应为give有双宾语，故选 B 参考译文:尽管乡村音乐在风格和乐器上各不相同，但是依然具有某种共同的特性，这就形成了其音乐上自身特有的特点。 13. Most of _____ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains. A these B what C which D their 答案:B of宾语，又可以作从句引导词的词，只有what可以。 参考译文:考古学家所知道关于史前文化的绝大部分认识，都是基于对文物遗迹的研究。 14. According to some critics, the novels of William Burroughs demonstrate the major hazard of absurd literature, _____ tendency toward over-embellishment and incoherence. A notwithstanding B besides C is a D its 答案:D the major hazard of absurd literature是并列部分，所以只有its符合 要求。 参考译文: 根据一些评论家的观点，William Burroughs的小说论证了荒 谬文学的主要危害，即是会导致矫揉造作和不连贯性。 15. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920’s _____ in blues music. A was one of the greatest periods. B one of the greatest periods C was of the greatest periods D the greatest periods. 答案:A B D 不含谓语动词，可先排除。 C 结构错误，故排除。 句子可以理解成为“One of the greatest periods in blues music was coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920’s.” 为了加强语气，做表语的介词短语，形容词，副词，分词，可放在句首，引起倒 装，构成“表语+be+主语”。 参考译文:20世纪20年代在新奥尔良州，与爵士音乐协调发展的这一时期， 达到了蓝调音乐发展的高峰。 16.Gone With the Wind, the epic novel about life in South during the Civil War period, took ten years write. 答案:D years write years to write 分析:原句出现两个谓语动词，根据take+时间+to do，将write改为非谓 语动词。 参考译文:《飘》这部划时代反映内战时期南方生活的小说，耗时十年创作 而成。 17. None two butterflies have exactly the same design on their wings. 答案:A 改正:none no 分析:none是代词，修饰名词用形容词no. 参考译文:没有两只蝴蝶的翅膀上的斑纹恰好相同。 18. To save the California condor from extinction, a group of federal, local, and privately organizations initiated a rescue program. 答案:C privately private 分析:平行结构考点。Privately不能与前面的federal, local平行，故 改为形容词。 参考译文:为了挽救加利福尼亚秃鹰避免灭绝，一支由联邦、地方和私人团 体组成的团队发起了一个营救 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 。 19. A coral reef, a intricate aquatic community of plants and animals, is found only in warm, shallow, sunlit seas. 答案:A a an 分析:发音以元音开头的词用an修饰。 参考译文:一种珊瑚礁，类属于一种复杂水生动植物群体，发现仅存于温暖、有光照和浅的海域。 20. Carnegie hall was the first building in New York designed special for orchestral music. 答案:C 改正:special specially或especially 分析:special是形容词，不能修饰动词，故改为副词。 参考译文:卡内基大厅是纽约市第一座专门设计用于管弦音乐演奏的建筑 物。 21. Since it lives in the desert, the collared lizard depends from insects for water as well as for food. 答案:C depends from depends on 分析:这种用法是固定搭配。 参考译文:由于它生活在沙漠，蜥蜴的水源和食物靠的是昆虫. 22. The Texas Panhandle region, in the northwestern part of the state, produces more wheat, cotton, and grain sorghum than any of other area of Texas. 答案:D any of any 分析:any在这里是副词，可以直接修饰other. 参考译文:德州西北部的狭长地区，比德州其他的地方生产更多的小麦，棉 花和高梁 谷物。 23. Light rays what enter the eye must be focused onto a point on the retina in order for a clear visual image to form. 答案:A what that 分析:what不能引导定语从句。 参考译文:进入眼睛的光线必须聚焦在视网膜的一个点上以便形成一个清晰 的实像。 24. The orangutan’s hands and feet are designed for holding and grasping branches, and its powerful immensely arms enable it to climb and swing in trees without difficulty. 答案:C powerful immensely immensely powerful 分析:副词修饰形容词时要放在形容词前面。 参考译文:猩猩的手脚被设计用来抓住树枝，并且它大而有力的胳膊使它能够轻松的 在树上攀爬和摇摆。 25. The extraordinary beautiful of orchids makes them the basis of a multimillion dollar floral industry. 答案:B beautiful beauty 分析:of前后始终应用名词成分，而且beautiful不能被形容词extraordinary修饰。 参考译文:异常美丽的兰花使他们成为有数百万美金的花卉工业的基础。 26. The Vermont Elememary Science Project, according to its founders, are designed to challenge some of the most widely held beliefs about teaching. 答案:B are designed is designed 分析:主谓单复数应一致。 参考译文:根据它的创始人，Vermont基础科学工程被设计用来挑战一些教学方面的广泛信仰 27. The number 8.5 is an example of a “mixed number” because it is composing of an integer and a fraction. 答案:B 改正:composing composed 分析:be composed of 是习惯用法。牢记即可。 参考译文:数字8.5是带分数的一个例子因为它是由一个整数和一个分数组 成的。 28. If it is kept dry, a seed can still sprout up to forty years after their formation. 答案:D 改正:their its 分析:代词应与前面主语a seed一致，故改为its. 参考译文:如果它保持干燥，一粒种子仍可以在其成型40年后发芽. 29. In The Sociology of Science, now considered a classic, Robert Merton discusses cultural, economy and social forces that contributed to the development of modern science. 答案:B economy and social economic and social 分析:平行结构问题。Cultural, social是形容词，故将economy改为形 容词形式。 参考译文:社会学，现在看成一门经典，Robert Merton论述了文化，经济 和社会力量 对现代科学发展的贡献. 30.Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed by plants. 答案:A lived living 分析:living in the soil是后置定语，play是句子的谓语动词。因为 bacteria是动作的发出者，故使用现在分词living。 参考译文:生活在土壤中的细菌在职务所需的碳氮循环扮演了一个重要的角 色. 31.Some snakes have hollow teeth are called fangs that they use to poison their victims. 答案:B are called called或that are called 分析:have是句子的谓语动词，原句不符和谓语单一性原则，所以改为后 置定语或从句。 参考译文:某些蛇被称为毒牙的是中空的牙齿，因为他们用其来向他们的猎 物下毒。 32.Stars derive their energy from thermonuclear reactions that take place in their heat interiors. 答案:D 改正:heat hot 分析:heat是名词，在这里不能修饰interiors。 参考译文:星星的能量来源于发生在他们热核的高热原子核反应. 33.Carrie Chapman Call organized the League of Women Votes after successfully campaign for the constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote. 答案:C campaign campaigning 分析:campaign是动词，不能做介词宾语，应改为非谓语动词形式。Campaign for是“为争取„„”的意思。 参考译文:Carrie Chapman Call在成功的争取到了赋予妇女选举权的宪法 修正案之 后组织了女权联盟. 34.Any group that conducting its meeting using parliamentary rules will encounter situations where prescribed procedures cannot be applied. 答案:B conducting conducts 分析:that引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，所以将conducting还原为谓语 动词。 参考译文:任何用议会制规则管理会议的团体将遭遇规定过程不能被应用的 情形. 35.The strongly patriotic character of Charles Sangster’s poetry is credited about greatly furthering the cause of confederation in Canada. 答案:C about with 分析:be credited with表示“认为„„有(某种优点)”。固定搭配。 参考译文:在Charles Sangste诗中所表现出来的他的强烈的爱国主义热情 对极大的促进加拿大的联盟事业. 36.Jessamyn West’s first and most famous novel, The friendly Persuasion describes the life of a Quaker farmed family in the mid-1800’s. 答案:D farmed family farmer family 分析:farmer family表示“农民家庭”。 参考译文:Jessamyn West的第一本也是最著名的一部小说，The friendly Persuasion，描述了在十八世纪中叶的一户Quaker农家的生活. 37. One inventor that Thomas Edison can take credit for is the light bulb. 答案:A 改正:inventor invention 分析:inventor指人，与题意不符。 参考译文:能归于爱迪生的一项发明是电灯泡. 38.Electric motors range in size from the tiny mechanisms that operate sewing machine to the great engines in heavy locomotives. 答案:C sewing machine sewing machines 分析:单数可数名词不能单独存在。由于后面的engines，所以改为复数形 式。 参考译文:电动马达的尺寸归类从操作缝纫机的微小的机械结构到用于重型 机车的大 引擎。 39.The nitrogen makes up over 78 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere, the gaseous mass surrounding the planet. 答案:A the nitrogen nitrogen 分析:nitrogen是不可数名词，在句中不是特指，所以不要定冠词。 参考译文:氮气在大气层占超过78,的环绕行星的气态质量. 40.The Mississippi, the longest river in the United States, begins as small clear stream in northwestern Minnesota. 答案:B as small as a small 分析:单数可数名词不能单独存在，应是a small clear stream. 参考译文:密西西比，美国最长的河流，发源于明尼苏达西北部的一条小而 清澈的溪流. 1996年10月语法题 1. Charlie Parker, _____ was one of the creators of the music style called “bop.” A a great jazz improviser who B to improvise great jazz C a great jazz improviser D improvised great jazz. 答案: C :空格位于主语谓语之间，空格处可能是非限制性定语从句、定语、主语同 位语或状语。 A.who后面没有从句，排除 B.不定式短语，一般做目的状语，表示还没有发生的动作，不合题意，排除 D.有谓语动词，但缺少从句引导词和从句主语，故也排除。 C.为名词短语做主语同位语，故选C 参考译文:C帕克,一名伟大的爵士乐演奏者，是波普音乐形式创立者之一。 2. The world’s deepest cave, Pierre St. Martin in the Pyrenees Mountains, is almost three times as deep _____. A as the Empire State Building is high. B That the Empire State Building is higher. C Is higher than the Empire State Building D And the Empire State Building’s height. 答案:A 分析:空格前为as+形容词，由此判断出此题为as„„as结构，空格处应为as+比较对象，四个选项只有A 含有as故选A. 参考译文:坐落于比利牛斯山脉的世界最深的洞穴――皮埃尔 圣马丁深度差不多是帝国大厦的3倍。 3. When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the _____ in the Americas. A widely most grown plant. B Most widely grown plant C Most grown widely plant D Plant widely grown most. 答案:B the可以判断出空格处的中心词为名词plant，名次前面的应该是形容词，副词应该放在形容词前，most构成副词最高级，应该放在副词前面，故选 B。 参考参考译文:在哥伦布抵达新大陆时，玉米是美洲种植范围最广泛的农作物。 4. Because kaolin shrinks in firing at a different rate than ordinary clay, _____ when creating pottery using both types of clay. A special handling is required B special handling required C a requirement of special handling D the required special handling 答案:A 分析:空格前后都是从句，空格处缺少主句，由此首先排除不构成句子的C、D。require为及物动词，后面没有宾语，应该是被动语态，故选A 参考译文:由于瓷土在烧制中具有同普通粘土不同的收缩比，因此在采用不同粘土做瓷器时特殊的处理是必需的。 5. The ceremonial Chilcat blanket of the Northwest Tlingit Indians was generally _____ from cedar bark, wool, and goats’ hair. A wove B to weave C weaving D woven 答案:D D为唯一正确答案。 参考译文:西北的美洲特里吉特印第安人通常用雪松树皮，羊毛绒，山羊毛来编织宗教仪式用的地毯。 6. _____ composed traditionally has been a subject of debate among scholars. A Were ballads how B Ballads were how they C How ballads that were D How ballads were 答案:D A、B中从句引导词位置不对，C中多that。 参考译文:歌谣是如何被口传创作出的是学者们争论的话题。 7. Jupiter, the closest of the giant planets to Earth, has _____ solid surface and is surrounded by zones of intense radiation. A not B nor C no D neither. 答案:C no符合这一条件，故选C.. A为副词，不能修饰名词，B、D一般需要搭配使用。 参考译文:木星，这个离地球最近的大行星，没有固体表面，被强烈的辐射 的区域包围。 8. The black-billed cuckoo has been known to steal eggs _____ to other birds. A belong B which belonging C which they belong D that belong 答案:D belong，由此判断空格处缺的是定语从句引导词和定语从句主谓语。 A只有一个谓语动词，显然不对。 B中belonging不能单独作谓语 C中多主语they D为that引导的定语从句，正确 参考译文:BB杜鹃从其他鸟类那里偷蛋的行为已经被知晓。 9. The purpose of phonetics is _____ an inventory and a description of the sounds found in speech. A to provide B provided C which provided D providing that 答案:A B D多that C中which一般引导定语从句，前面应该有先行词，举重显然不是定语从句，故也排除 A为非谓语动词，可接宾语，故选A。 参考译文:语音学的用途是提供一个目录库和一段在讲话所发中声音的纪录。 10.Earthquakes can damage a tree _____ violently, and it can take several years for the tree to heal. A to cause shaking B when shaking it causes C by causing it to shake D to cause to shake it 答案:C A 、D为不定式短语，做状语时一般表目的或将要发生的动作，显然不合题意。 B 可做表事件的状语，但cause为多余的谓语动词 C 引导条件状语从句，符合题意，为正确选项 参考译文:地震可以伤害一棵树并导致它剧烈的摇动，而树治愈伤害需要很多年。 11._____ bacteria in foods are killed, as they are during baking or stewing, decay is slowed down. A What B The C If D So 答案:C B、D。 A中what放在句首时一般引导主语从句，主句中已有主语，所需从句不是主语从句，故A也排除。 C引导条件状语从句，符合题意，顾为正确答案。 参考译文:如果食物上的细菌通过蒸煮或者烘烤被杀死，腐坏就会减速。 12.The colors and patterns of the wings of butterflies and moths help _____ the organism against predators. A protect B being protected C protecting D protection of 答案:A help，根据习惯，后面接带to的或者不带to的动词不定式，故选A。 参考译文:蝴蝶和蛾翅膀上的色彩与图案帮助抵御生物天敌的猎食。 13.In 1993 the Library of Congress appointed author Rita Dove _____ of the United States. A as was poet laureate B was poet laureate C poet laureate D and poet laureate 答案:C appoint后面接双宾语，故选C。 参考译文:1993年国会图书馆指定丽塔为国家桂冠诗人。 14.At the South Pole _____, the coldest and most desolate region on Earth. A Antarctica lies where B Where Antarctica lies C Antarctica lies and D Lies Antarctica 答案:D D 参考译文:南极洲的极点是地球最冷的和最荒凉的区域。 15.Tornados, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most often in the spring when hot winds _____ over flat land encounter heavy cold air. A which to rise. B that rising C are rising D rising 答案:D A B中含从句引导词，但无谓语动词配合，排除。 C为谓语动词形式，不能修饰前面的名词，故也排除 D构成现在分词短语，可作名词的后置修饰语，故选D 参考译文:龙卷风，强有力的破坏性的风暴，通常发生在春天当热风在平坦 的土地上升遭遇强劲的冷空气时。 16.Many exercises such as calisthenics, running, or to swim involve producing muscle tension through a range of movements that are called isotonics. 答案:B or后面的非谓语动词为-ing形式。 改正:to swim?swimming 参考译文:象体操、赛跑、游泳这样的体育锻炼通过一系列被称为等压运动 的行为锻炼肌肉张力。 17.Intelligence, education, and experience all helps shape management style. 答案:C 分析:主语为三个不可数名词构成的复数概念,谓语动词应改为复数形式。 改正:helps ? help 参考译文:才智、教育、经历都可以帮助管理风格的形成。 18. The basic elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires, tabulating equipment, and to sample population. 答案:D ,and连接的应为-ing形式。 改正: to sample? sampling 参考译文:公众调查研究的基础组成元素是被访者、问卷、编表机以及取样 人群。 19. Conservation organizations help for to preserve the ecology of an area by keeping track of endangered species. 答案:B help to 为固定用法,。 改正:for to? to 参考译文:保护组织帮助保护那些生态地区以跟踪濒危物种。 20. Gwendolyn Brooks, which won a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1950, had 75 poems published by the time she was twenty. 答案:A ,定语从句的引导词应用关系代词who 改正:which ? who 参考译文:1950年普利策新闻奖得主格温多林?? 布鲁克斯，在20岁时就 已发表了75篇作品。 21. O Halifax is largest city and chief port of Nova Scotia and is the eastern terminus of Canada’s two great railway systems. 答案:A the 改正:is largest ?is the largest 参考译文:哈利法克斯是加拿大新斯科舍省最大的城市和主要的港口，并且 是加拿大最大的两条铁路系统的终点站。 22.T. S. Eliot received wide recognition after publishes The Waste Land, which fused poetic traditions with elements of modern music and language. 答案:A after在句中作介词,后面不能接谓语动词,故改为非谓语动词。 改正:after publishes ?after publisheing 参考译文:埃利奥特在他的著作《荒废的土地》出版后受到广泛的好评，该 书融入了诗歌的文体以及现代音乐和语言的元素。 23. Numerous types of cells, such as skin cells and white blood cells, have the power reproduce asexually. 答案:D 分析:reproduce为谓语动词,不能直接修饰名词,故改为非谓语动词。 改正:power reproduce ? power to reproduce 参考译文:许多类型的细胞，象皮肤细胞和白细胞具有强有力的无性繁殖能 力。 24. The knee is more likely to be damage than most other joints because it is subject to tremendous forces during vigorous activity. 答案:B damage在句中作动词,因为是及物动词,后面没有宾语,而前面又有构成被 动语态的助动词,因此改为过去分词构成被动语态。 改正:damage ?damaged 参考译文:膝盖比起其它的关节更易受到伤害，因为它在剧烈运动时需承受 巨大的力量。 25.Although ferns lack flowers, they do have leaves, stems, and root. 答案:D 分析:root为可数名词,并列连词and前面的名词都是复数形式,故root也 应该是复数。 改正:root ? roots 参考译文:尽管蕨类植物没有花朵，但是它们具有叶，茎以及根。 26. Crazy Horse is generally recognized for his courageous and skill, and he was revered by the Sioux as their greatest leader. 答案:B courageous为形容词,无法与and连接得skill并列。 改正:courageous and skill ?courage and skill 参考译文:疯狂的马--是对他的胆识和技能的认可，同时他作为S民族最伟 大的领导者被尊敬。 27. In medicine, certain plastics have important uses because they do not affected by chemicals in the body, and they do not harm the body. 答案:C by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态,助动词do不能构成被动语态,故改为 are。 注:信号词by是托福语法的重要信号词。 改正:do not affected ? are not affected 参考译文:在医学中，某些塑料制品具有很重要的用途，因为他们不受体内 化学元素的影响，并且不会伤到人的身体。 28. Since a hospital is organized to protect and treat people who are ill, its goals, structures, and functions depend on the currently state of medical science. 答案:D currently为副词不能修饰名词,故改为形容词 改正:currently ? current 参考译文:一家医院有组织的保护和接受患者，取决于医学目前状态的得分， 结构和功能。 29. A change in direction of the monsoon winds result from the differences between the heating or cooling of landmasses and that of oceans. 答案:A change,谓语动词应用单数 改正:result ? results 参考译文:季候风方向的变化是由于陆地和海洋冷热空气的差异造成的。 30. Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would mean a great deal to the stamp collector. 答案:B 改正:the person average ? the average person 参考译文:邮票上很小的差别对于一般普通人是不重要的，但是对于邮票收 集者来说意义是重大的。 31. Members of a nation’s foreign service represent that country’s interests abroad and report on the conditions, trends, and policies of the country which they are stationed. 答案:D ,如果被修饰的名词被关系代词取代后在从句中充当主语,则不用介词;如果 在从句中充当状语,则要由介词引导. 改正:country which they ? country in which they 参考译文:国家的外交人员代表了国家对于海外国家的关心，并负责报道回 他们所在国的条件、发展和政治状况。 32. Abraham Lincoln’s boyhood home resembled those of many others mid-western pioneers, with its dirt floor, sleeping loft, and crude fireplace. 答案:B others是名词不能再修饰名词,因此用形容词other 改正:others ? other 参考译文:亚伯拉罕?? 林肯少年时代的家类似其它那些(美国)中西部先 驱者的一样，有着脏乱的地板，阁楼卧室以及粗糙的壁炉。 33. Dwelling primarily in the ice northern polar seas, beluga whales are characteristically small, white, agile, and elusive. 答案:B 分析:ice为名词,不能修饰seas,故改为形容词icy. 改正:ice ? icy 参考译文:主要生活在冰冷的北极海洋的白鲸具有体小、白色、机敏以及难 捉摸的特征。 34.There is evidence that the caribou originated into North America and crossed over al land bridge into Asia and evolved into the Old World’s reindeer. 答案:B originate from 为固定搭配，来源于的意思。 改正:into ? from 参考译文:有证据表明北美驯鹿起源于北美，在穿过大陆桥进入亚洲后进化 为驯鹿。 35.The bold way in which Margaret Mead defined the terms “family” - based as much on choice as on biological relationship - is possibly the most enduring of her legacies. 答案:B term在句中应为单数。 改正:terms ? term 参考译文:基于生物学的关系MM大胆定义了术语“家庭”，是她遗留下来最 不朽的。 36. The planet Mars is a freezing, barren deserts with huge, dry canyons and towering volcanoes. 答案:C a可知被它修饰的名词为单数。 改正:deserts ? desert 参考译文:火星是一个冰冻的，荒芜的沙漠，有着巨大的、干燥的峡谷和高 耸的火山。 37. Of the many machines invented in the late nineteenth century, none had a great impact on the United States economy than the automobile. 答案:C than可知句中应有一个比较级，故将形容词great改为比较级形式。 改正:great ? greater 参考译文:在19 世纪后期诸多机器的发明中，没有一个对美国经济影响超 过汽车。 38. A number of the Pacific Islands are volcanoes that have pushed up from the ocean floor, others are the tops sunken mountain ranges. 答案:C top在句中做表语, sunken mountain ranges为修饰语,中间应用介词of 连接. 改正:tops sunken ? tops of sunken 参考译文:许多的太平洋小岛是通过火山喷发形成到海平面之上的;另外的 则是海底山脉的尖部。 39. It has been reported that during any twenty-four hour period, a minimal of three hundred North American women start their own businesses. 答案:C a minimum of为固定搭配意为“最少量,至少”相当于at least,相对应的 短语是a imum of。注意: any twenty-four hour period没有错误, hour前不 用连字符在美国英语里是可以接受的,但一般说成any 24-hour period, a 20-minute walk 改正:a minimal of ? a minimum of 参考译文:至少三百名北美妇女开始经营自己的生意的消息在过去24小时 被报道。 40. Archeological studies have provided evidence that the use of plants for decoration as well as for food developed early in the history. 答案:D in history 为固定表达，意为“在历