初一地理复习辅导上册

初一地理复习辅导上册 初一地理上册 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 总结 一、地球和地图 1(地球的形状和大小 ?地球是一个两极稍扁，赤道略鼓的椭球体。 ?葡萄牙航海家麦哲伦率领的船队首次实现了人类环绕地球一周的航行。 ?地球 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面积5.1亿平方千米，最大周长4万千米，赤道半径6378千米，极半径6357千米，平均半径6371千米。 2(纬线和经线 ?纬线:与地轴垂直并且环绕地球一周的圆圈。 纬线是不等长的，赤道是最大的纬线圈。 ?经线:连接南北两极，并且与纬线垂直相交的半圆。 经线是等长的。 3(纬度和经度 ?纬度的变化规律:由赤道(0?纬线)向南、北两极递增。最大的纬度是90度，在南极、北极。 ?赤道以北的纬度叫北纬，用"N"表示;赤道以南的纬度叫南纬，用"S"表示。 ?以赤道为界，将地球平均分为南、北两个半球，赤道以北是北半球，赤道以南是南半球。 ?经度的变化规律:由本初子午线(0?经线)向西、向东递增到180?。 ?本初子午线以东的经度叫东经，用"E"表示;本初子午线以西的经度叫西经，用"W"表示。 ?东、西半球的分界线是:20?W、160?E组成的经线圈。 20?W以西到160?E属于西半球(大于20?W或大于160?E) 20?W以东到160?E属于东半球(小于20?W或小于160?E) 4(地球的运动 ?地球运动绕什么转方向周期产生的自然现象 自转地轴自西向东约24小时昼夜交替 公转太阳自西向东一年形成四季 1 ?北半球与南半球的季节相反(春--秋;夏--冬) ?地球表面五带的划分:北寒带(66.5?N--90?N)、北温带(23.5?N--66.5?N)、热带(23.5?N--23.5?S)、南温带(23.5?S--66.5?S)、南寒带(66.5?S--90?S) 寒带:有极昼极夜现象热带:有阳光直射现象 温带:既无阳光直射现象，又无极昼极夜现象，四季变化明显 ?低纬:0?--30?;中纬:30?--60?;高纬:60?--90? ?自西向东拨动地球仪，从北极上空看，地球仪按逆时针方向转;从南极上空看，地球仪按顺时针方向转。 5(地图 ?地图的三要素:比例尺、方向、图例。 ?比例尺类型:线段比例尺、数字比例尺 ?比例尺大小的判断:分母愈小，分值愈大，是大比例尺;分母愈大，分值愈小，是小比例尺。 ?大比例尺，表示范围小，表示内容详(如东台市地图) 小比例尺，表示范围大，表示内容略(如江苏省地图) ?地面某个地点高出海平面的垂直距离称为海拔。将海拔高度相等的点连接成线就是等高线。用等高线可以表示地面的高低起伏。 二、陆地和海洋 1(世界海陆分布很不均匀，陆地主要集中在北半球，但北极周围却是一片海洋(北冰洋);海洋主要集中在南北球，但南极周围却是一块陆地(南极洲) 2(地球表面71%是海洋，29%是陆地。(三分陆地，七分海洋) 3(半岛是陆地伸进海洋的凸出部分;海峡是沟通两个海洋的狭窄水道。 4(七大洲:亚洲非洲北美洲南美洲南极洲欧洲大洋洲 四大洋:太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋 5(海陆变迁的原因:地壳的变动和海平面的升降是造成海陆变迁的主要原因，人类活动也会引起海陆的变化。 6(德国科学家魏格纳提出了大陆漂移的假说。 7(20世纪60年代，地球科学研究表明，大陆漂移是由板块运动引起的。 2 8(六大板块示意图参看课本第37页。 9(一般来说，板块内部地壳比较稳定;板块与板块交界的地带，地壳比较活跃，是世界火山、地震的集中分布地带。 三、天气与气候(P42) 1(天气有两个重要特点:天气反映一个地方短时间里的大气状况;同一时刻，不是地方的天气可能差别很大。 2(风向及风力参见课本第45页图3.4。 3(气温和气温的分布 ?一天中的最高气温出现在午后2时左右，最低气温出现在日出前后。 ?一年中，北半球气温，大陆上7月最高，1月最低。 一年中，南半球气温，大陆上7月最低，1月最高。 ?从赤道向两极，气温逐渐降低。 ?据观测，大致海拔每升高100米，气温约下降0.6?。 ?用等温线图表示气温的水平分布。 4(降水和降水的分布 ?从大气中降落的雨、雪、冰雹等，统称为降水。降雨是降水的主要形式。雾、露不是降水。 ?由赤道往两极，总的趋势是年降水量逐渐减少。 ?南北回归线附近，大陆东岸降水多，大陆西岸降水少。 ?在温带地区，大陆内部降水较少，沿海地区降水较多。 ?用等降水量线图表示降水量的分布情况。 ?世界"雨极"--乞拉朋齐;世界"干极"--阿塔卡马沙漠。 ?通常情况下，山地的迎风坡降水多，背风坡降水少。 4(世界的气候 ?气候是一个地方多年的天气平均状况，一般变化不大。 ?世界气候分布图参见课本第58页。 ?赤道附近(热带雨林气候);两极地区(寒带气候);回归线附近的大陆东岸(亚热带季风和季风性湿润气候);回归线附近的大陆西岸(热带沙漠气候);中纬度内陆地区(温带大陆性气候)。 3 ?热带雨林气候特点:全年高温多雨;地中海气候特点:高温时期少雨，低温时期多雨。 ?影响气候的主要因素:纬度位置、海陆位置、地形，也是影响气温和降水的主要因素。 ?《地理图册》中的有关本节内容。 四、居民与聚落 1(人口与人种 ?人口增长的速度是由出生率与死亡率决定的。 ?自然增长率=出生率-死亡率。 ?人口密度表示人口疏密的程度。人口密度一般指平均每平方千米内居住的人口数。 某区域的人口数(人) 人口密度(人/平方千米)= 该区域的面积(平方千米) ?人口稠密地区:中低纬度近海的平原地区。 人口稀疏地区:极端干旱的沙漠地区、气候过于潮湿的雨林地区、终年严寒的高纬度地区或地势高峻的高原、山区。 ?白种人主要分布地区:非洲北部、欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲、南美洲东岸、亚洲西部 黄种人主要分布地区:亚洲东部、北美洲北部、南美洲西北部 黑种人主要分布地区:非洲南部、大洋洲西北部 ?从16世纪中期开始，欧洲殖民者开始掳夺非洲黑人贩卖到美洲为奴隶，以弥补美洲劳动力的不足。 2(世界的语言和宗教 ?汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言，英语是世界上使用范围最广的语言。 语言主要分布地区 汉语中国 英语欧洲西部、北美洲、亚洲的南部等 俄语俄罗斯 4 法语法国、非洲的中部和南部 西班牙语西班牙、拉丁美洲的许多国家 阿拉伯语亚洲西部、非洲北部 ? ?基督教、佛教、伊斯兰教是世界三大宗教。 ?基督教是世界上信仰人数最多的宗教。 ?伊斯兰教徒称为穆斯林。伊斯兰教在中国又称为回教或清真教。 ?基督教--教堂;伊斯兰教--清真寺;佛教--寺庙。 3(人类的居住地--聚落 ?聚落不仅是人们的居所，也是人们进行劳动生产和社会活动的场所。 ?一般来说，先有乡村聚落，后有城市聚落。 ?乡村聚落的居民主要从事耕作、放牧、捕鱼、伐木等生产活动。城市聚落的居民主要从事工业、服务业等工作。 ?目前，在一些河流中下游的平原地区，聚落分布比较密集;在高山、荒漠地区，少有或没有聚落。 ?在全年炎热多雨的热带，乡村聚落中常见双层木楼或竹楼(高脚屋或高架屋) 在热带沙漠地区，当地的房屋具有墙厚、窗小的特点。 五、发展与合作 1(目前世界上有200多个国家和地区，分布在除南极洲以外的各大洲。 2(从陆地面积看，最大的是俄罗斯，中国位居世界第三位。(第二位是加拿大) 从人口来看，最多的是中国，印度居世界第二。 3(世界各国的政治制度主要有资本主义和社会主义两种。 4(一些还没有获得独立的殖民地和属地，叫做"地区"。目前世界上有30多个地区。 5(国界主要依据山脉、河湖、海洋、经纬线来划分。 6(国界范围以内的领陆、领水和领空，总称领土。 7(目前，世界上有20多个发达国家，主要分布在欧洲、北美洲和大洋洲。 5 亚洲的日本也是发达国家 8(目前，世界上有150多个发展中国家，大部分是二战后新独立的国家，主要分布在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲。 9(在国际上，习惯把发展中国家和发达国家之间的政治、经济商谈称为"南北对话";把发展中国家的互助合作称为"南南合作"。 "南"--发展中国家主要分布在南半球及北半球的南部。 "北"--发达国家主要分布在北半球，也有少数分布在南半球。 10(目前，世界上最大的国际组织是联合国，正式成立于1945年，总部设在美国纽约，其基本宗旨是"促进国家发展，维护世界和平"。1 第六章亚洲 1、亚洲的地理位置:地处东、北半球，东北方向以白令海峡与南美洲为界，西北以乌拉尔山脉、乌拉尔河、里海、大高加索山脉、黑海和土耳其海峡与欧洲为界，西南与苏伊士运河与非洲为界，南面隔海与大洋洲相望。 2、亚洲是世界第一大洲:面积最大，跨纬度最广，东西距离最长。 3、人们按地理方位把亚洲分为:东亚、南亚、西亚、北亚、中亚、东南亚;中国位于东亚，东亚的国家有:中国、日本、朝鲜、韩国、蒙古。 4、分层设色地形图:(中部(深棕色--粉红色)海拔较高，四周颜色逐渐由浅黄色到浅绿的颜色--海拔逐渐变低)--亚洲地形的特点:中间高，四周低。 5、能在地图中找出下列地名，说出这些地理事物的表现形式:喜马拉雅山脉、珠穆朗玛峰(黑色小三角)、青藏高原(深褐色区域)、西西伯利亚平原(绿色区域)、里海、贝回尔湖、死海(封闭的浅蓝色)、阿拉伯半岛、马来群岛、华北平原、印度河平原、德干高原、帕米尔高原、伊朗高原。 6、河流分布特点:发源于中部，呈放射状流向四周。主要河流有:长江、黄河、湄公河、恒河、印度河、鄂毕河、叶尼塞河。 7、亚洲气候特点:气候类型复杂多样，季风气候著，大陆性气候分布较广。分析其它大洲气候特点的方法:气候类型的分布规律和那种气候类型分布最广。季风气候的特点:夏季高温，冬季低温，降水季节变化大，集中于夏秋季节，雨热同期。 8、按人口排序:亚洲、非洲、欧洲、南美洲、北美洲、大洋洲;按人口自 6 然增长率排序:非洲、南美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、北美洲、欧洲。 10、国家的产业结构是衡量一个国家经济发展的重要指标，人均国民生产总值越高的国家，经济越发达，第三产业大，人均国民生产总值起低的国家，经济越落后，第一产业比重越大。 亚洲经济差异:东部沿海经注发达，西部内陆经济较落后，不同的海陆位置经济发展不同，不同的社会历史条件下的经济发展不同。 第七章:我们邻近的国家和地区 1、地理位置:海陆位置(太平洋西北部)、大洲位置(亚洲东部)、纬度位置(经纬度跨度较广)23?N--46?N、122?E--148?E，日本南北国土狭长，并与经线斜交，使得日本的地理环境更为复杂多样，跨纬度最广，南北温差就大，跨经度广，东西地方时差就大。 2、地形特点:典型的岛国，以四大岛(北海道、本州、四国、九州四大岛)和3900多个小岛组成;国土面积37.7万平方千米;海岸线曲折，多优良港口(如神户、横滨)，地形以山地为主、平原面积狭小、多火山、地震(日本地处太平洋板块与亚欧板块的交界处，地壳活动频繁，不稳定) 3、发达的加工贸易型经济:日本是世界经济强国，属加工型贸易型经济，对外依赖严重，要从国外进口原材料，出口制成品。 4、日本的主要工业区:京滨工业区、名古屋工业区、濑户内工业区、阪神工业区、北九州工业区;分布特点:日本工业高度集中，主要分布于濑户内海沿岸和太平洋沿岸地区。 5、东西方兼容的文化:传统色彩与现代气息并存，中日文化交流源流长。 6、日本投资措施:扩大海外投资，建立海外的生产和销售基地，主要向美国、西欧和东南亚地区;海外投资建厂给日本带来的好处:利用发展中国家的廉价劳动力;降低工业生产的投入成本;加入国际经济技术的合作和国际市场的竞争;保护本国的自然资源，减缓资源消耗，保护本国环境，减少运输成本的投入。日本在海外投资建厂对其它国家的影响:日本把污染严重的企业移到海外，会使其它国家的环境受到污染，导致环境质量下降;日本从本国利益出发，保护本国资源的意识很强，但是大量进口木材或远洋超量捕捞，将导致世界其它地区或国家的资源严重破坏，进而导致全球生态环境失调。 7 7、东南亚的范围:包括中南半岛和马来群岛;国家(共11国):越南、老挝、印度尼西亚(千岛之国，世界上最大的群岛国家)、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、新加坡、菲律宾、文莱、东渧汶。地理位置:纬度位置(10?S--25?N)主要位于热带;海陆位置:西临印度洋，东临太平洋，大部分国家都是临海国和岛国，受海洋影响较大;交通位置:位于南北两个大洲(亚洲和大洋洲)东西两个大洋(太平洋和印度洋)之间，处于"十字路口"。马六甲海峡:位于马来半岛和印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛之间，是从欧洲向东航行到东南亚，东亚各港口最短航线的必经之地，是边接太平洋和印度洋的重要海上通道。 气候类型分布地区气候特征对农业产生的影响 1、热带雨林气候马来半岛南部和马来群岛大部全年高温多雨农作物可以随时播种，四季都有收获 热带季风气候中南半岛，马来半岛以及菲律宾群岛北部全年高温，有旱季和雨季雨季播种，旱季收获 2、东南亚的粮食作物为什么以水稻为主:水稻是一种主产的粮食作物，但它的生产需投入大量的劳动力，并且要求有高温多雨的条件，东南亚人口稠密，耕进较少，高温多雨，将水稻作为主要的粮食作物是因进制宜的必然条件。东南亚热带经济作物的分布状况:泰国、越南、缅旬是世界重要的稻米出口国;泰国是世界上最大的橡胶生产国;菲律宾是世界上最大的蕉麻生产国和椰子出口国;马来西亚是世界最大的棕油生产国;印度尼西亚是世界是最大的椰子生产国。 3、东南亚的河流大部分发源于我国的青藏高原地区，如湄公河(澜沧江)、萨尔温江(努江)、河流特点:南北纵列、山河相间，河流上洲流经山区，两岸高山耸立，水流湍急，蕴藏丰富的水能资源，下洲河谷展宽，水流缓慢，泥沙沉积，河岸两侧形成冲积平原，入海口形成河道纵横，地势低平而土质肥沃的河口三角洲。 4、为什么城市分布在河流沿岸及河口三角洲:因为这些地方土地肥沃，地势平坦，易于灌溉，交通便利，是东南亚人口稠密，农业发达的重要农业区，也为城市的发展提供了有利的条件，如我国的重庆，武江，上海。 5、印度的地理位置:位于我国的西南部，是四大文明古国之一，印度的邻 8 国有巴基斯坦、中国、尼泊尔、孟加拉国、缅甸，以及隔海相望的斯里兰卡，印度的地形可以他为三大地形区:北部为西马拉雅南侧山地，中部为恒河平源，南部为德干高原。 6、印度的人口总数己经超过了10亿，是世界第二人口在国，50年间印度人口增长了近三倍，印度人口问题的主要特点:人口增长速度过快。从20世纪70年代开始印度政府采取了人口控制政策及奖励计划，但是印度广大农村的传统观念还十分强烈，在相当长的一段时间内，印度人口每年净增量会越来越大。印度由于人口过多，使印度无论是人均自然资源占有量，还是人均粮食产量和钢产量与世界平均水平相比，都有较大的差距。这就说明，人口的过度增长会对一个国家的资源、环境以及经济发展产生严重的负面影响。 7、印度的大部分地区处热带和亚热带，以热带季风气候为主，热带季风气候的主要特点是:全年高温，雨旱两季。雨季(6--9月)风从海洋吹向陆地(西南风)，旱季(10月--次年5月)风从大陆吹向海洋(东北风)。季风使得印度水旱灾害频繁，如是季风来得早，退得晚，风力强的时候，形成水灾，季风来得晚，退得早，风力弱的时候就形成了旱灾。 8、印度粮食迅速增长的突破口在于推行了"绿色革命"。水稻和小麦是印度主要的粮食作物，二者的产量均居世界前列。水稻主要分布在降水充足、地势平坦的恒河平原和沿海平原上;而小麦则主要分布在降水少、光照足的恒河上游和德干高原西北部。这也说明农业生产和自然条件的关系是极为密切的。 9、印度的工业，英国统治时主要发展纺织工业和采矿业，这是由于英国出于本国经济发展的需求，对印度工业严格控制，印度当时科技水平相当落后，独立后，印度积极引进外资和先进技术，重视培养科技人才，努力发展本国工业，主要有:钢铁工业、机械工业、化学工业和棉麻纺织工业，而且在原子能、航天、计算机软件等高科技领域也有一定的成就。 10、俄罗斯自然概况:?地形:比较平坦，以平原为主，乌拉尔山以西为平原，以东依次为西西伯利亚平原、中西伯利亚平原、东西伯利亚同地。是世界上面积最大的国家，东西长1万平方千米，南北宽约4000千米，面积超过1700万平方千米;?气候:以温带大陆性气候为主。各地差异较大，北部有终年寒冷的极地气候，南部有地中海气候和温带草原性气候，东部是温带季风气候。 9 俄罗期的气候牲:冬季长而寒冷，夏季短而温暖;?河流与湖泊:伏尔加河是欧洲最长河，水力丰富，最主要的内河航道。鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒加河，富水能，封冻期长。贝加尔湖为世界最深的湖泊;?自然资源丰富。种类多，储量大，地区分布不均，东部多，西部少。主要矿产有:石油、天然气、煤、铁矿、有色金属等，产地主要有库尔斯克铁矿、库兹巴斯煤矿、秋明油田。 11、四大工业区:以莫斯科为中心的工亚区，分布在俄罗斯的欧洲部分，这里是俄罗斯工业最发达的地区，主要有钢铁、汽车、飞机、火箭和电子等工业部门;以圣彼得堡为中心的工业区，分布在俄罗斯的欧洲部分波罗的海沿岸。这里的石油化工，造船、电子、造纸和航天业十分发达。也是俄罗斯食品和纺织工业最发达的地区;乌拉尔工业区，在乌拉尔山区，位于亚欧分界线上。这里主要生产石油、钢铁和机械等产品;以库兹巴斯为中心的西伯利亚工业区:这里主要生产煤炭、石油、天然气、电力、钢铁等重工业产品和军事工业产品。 12、亚伯利亚大铁路为什么沿南部山修建:首要原因是南部山区有着丰富的矿产资源，其次俄罗斯北部地区由于纬度高，终年寒冷，气温低，有着很深的冻土层，而在冻土层上修建铁路，难度大，且安全系数较低。管道运输是将线路和运具合二为一的新型运输方式，主要运输石油和天然气。交通运输的两种主要方式:公路和铁路;货运的两种主要方式:管道和铁路。 第八章东半球其它国家和地区 1.中东是以欧洲为中心划分的地理区域。17世纪欧洲国家向东方扩张时，按距离的远近，将部分东方国家分为近东、中东和远东。中东地区主要包括阿富汉外的西亚各国(沙特阿拉伯、伊朗、伊拉克、科威特、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、约旦、土耳其、巴勒斯坦、以色列、埃及)，以及北非的埃及，其中西亚不包括土耳其的欧洲部分，而中东却包括土耳其的欧洲部，也就是说中东的地理位置比较特殊，地跨亚洲、欧洲和非洲，被誉为两洋三洲五海之地(亚洲、欧洲、非洲;大西洋和印度洋;黑海、地中海、里海、红海、阿拉伯海)，特殊的地理位置也是本区成为热点地区的原因之一。土耳其海峡与苏伊士运河分别为亚洲与欧洲、亚洲与非洲的分界线。中东犹如世界的交通要冲，古代这是曾是"丝绸之路"的必经之地，现在也还是东西方的交通要道，尤其是苏伊士运河的开通和土耳其海峡的利用，更显其地理位置的优越，中东还是世界交通的"空中走廊"， 10 许多国际航线都要经过这里，因此，中东过去是帝国主义、殖民主义侵略扩张的地区，如今一些大国为争夺世界霸权，都想把它置于自己的控制之下，他们的斗争十分激烈，这就造成了中东的局势的不稳定。 2、丰富的石油资源:中东是目前世界上石油储量最大、生产和输出石油最多的地区(石油储量占65.4%，产量占30.5%，出口量占44.7%)，在世界上占有重要地位，被誉为世界石油宝库。中东石油主要分布在波斯湾沿岸，主要运往美国、日本、西欧各国。 11 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 12 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 13 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 14 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 15 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 16 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 17 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 18 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 19 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 20 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 21 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 22 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 23 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 24 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 25 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 26 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 27 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 28 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 29 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 30 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 31 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 32 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 33 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 34 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 35 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 36 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 37 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 38 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 39 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 40 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 41 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 42 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 43 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 44 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 45 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 46 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 47 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 48