[研究]imo.a.602(15)船用便携式灭火器指南

[研究]imo.a.602(15)船用便携式灭火器指南 RESOLUTION A.602(15) Adopted on 19 November 1987 REVISED GUIDELINES FOR MARINE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS THE ASSEMBLY, RECALLING Article 15(j) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly in relation to regulations and guidelines concerning maritime safety, RECALLING FURTHER that it adopted by resolution A.518(13) the Guidelines for Marine Portable Fire Extinguishers to supplement the requirements of chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, as well as chapter V of the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977, RECOGNIZING the need to improve these Guidelines in the light of experience gained, HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendation made by the Maritime Safety Committee at its fifty-third session, 1. ADOPTS the Revised Guidelines for Marine Portable Fire Extinguishers, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution and which supersedes the Guidelines annexed to resolution A.518(13); 2. RECOMMENDS Governments concerned to apply the Revised Guidelines set out in the Annex, in conjunction with the appropriate requirements of the above instruments. ANNEX REVISED GUIDELINES FOR MARINE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 1 SCOPE These Guidelines have been developed to supplement the requirements for marine portable fire extinguishers* in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977 The Guidelines are offered to Administrations to assist them in determining appropriate design and construction parameters. The status of the Guidelines is advisory. Their content is based on current practices and does not exclude the use of designs and materials other than those indicated below. * Wherever in the text of these Guidelines the word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 "extinguisher" appears it shall be taken as meaning ''marine portable fire extinguisher''. 2 DEFINITIONS 2.1 An extinguisher is an appliance containing an extinguishing medium which can be expelled by the action of internal pressure and be directed Into a fire. This pressure may be stored pressure, or be obtained by a chemical reaction, or be obtained by release of gas from a cartridge. 2.2 A portable extinguisher is one which is designed to be carried and operated by hand and which in working order has a total weight of not more that 23kg . 2.3 Extinguishing medium is the substance contained in the extinguisher the action of which causes extinction of fire . 2.4 Charge of an extinguisher is the mass or volume of the extinguishing medium contained in the extinguisher. The quantity of the charge of water of foam extinguishers is normally expressed in volume (litres) and that of other types of extinguishers in mass (kilograms). 3 CLASSIFICATION Extinguishers are classified according to the type of extinguishing medium they contain. At present the types of extinguishers and the uses for which they are recommended are a follows: Extinguishing medium Recommended for use on fire involving Water Wood, paper, textiles and similar materials Foam Wood, paper, textiles and flammable liquids Dry powder/dry chemical Flammable liquids, electrical equipment and (standard) flammable gases Dry powder/dry chemical Wood, paper, textiles and flammable liquid, (multiple or general electrical purpose) equipment and flammable gases Dry powder/dry chemical (metal) Combustible metals Flammable liquids, electrical equipment and Carbon dioxide flammable gases Halogenated hydrocarbons Flammable liquids, electrical equipment and (halons) flammable gases A table is provided in the appendix which describes the general characteristics of each type of extinguisher 4 CONSTRUCTION 4.1 The construction of an extinguisher should be designed and manufactured for simple and rapid operation, and ease of handling. 4.2 Extinguishers should be manufactured to a national or other recognized standard which includes a requirement that the body, and all other parts subject to internal pressure, be tested to a pressure above the maximum expected during the service life of the extinguisher. In the design of components, selection of materials and determination of maximum filling ratios and densities, consideration should be given to the temperature extremes to which extinguishers may be exposed on board ships. 4.3 The materials of construction of exposed parts and adjoining dissimilar metals should be carefully selected to function properly in the marine environment. 5 FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS Fire classifications are generally A, B, C and D. There are currently two standards, defining classes of fires according to the nature of the material undergoing combustion, as follows: International Organization for National Fire Protection Association Standardization (NFPA 10) (ISO standard 3941)* Class A: Fires involving solid Class A: Fires in ordinary combustible materials, usually of an organic nature, in materials such as wood, cloth, paper, which combustion normally takes place rubber and many plastics. with the formation of glowing embers. Class B: Fires in flammable liquids, Class B: Fires involving liquids or oils, greases, tars, oil base paints, liquefiable solids. lacquers and flammable gases. Class C: Fires involving gases. Class C: Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical non-conductivity of the extinguishing medium is of importance. (when electrical equipment is de-energized, extinguishers for class A or B fires may be used safely.) Class D: Fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. Class D: Fires involving metals. * Comite Europeen do Normalisation (CEN standard- EN2) closely follows ISO standard 3941. 6 TEST SPECIFICATIONS Construction, performance and fire-extinguishing test specifications should be to the satisfaction of the Administration. 7 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION II-2/6.1.1 OF THE 1974 SOLAS CONVENTION AND REGULATION 81 (1) OF THE 1977 TORREMOLINOS CONVENTION 7.1 Regulation II-2/6.1.1 requires that extinguishers have a fire extinguishing capability at least equivalent to that of a 9 litre fluid extinguisher which may be water or foam as required by the Adminstration. This equivalence may be demonstrated by fire test ratings determined according to an international, national or other recognized standard. 7.2 The size and type of extinguishers should be dependent upon the potential fire hazards in the protected spaces. Care should also be taken to ensure that the quantity of extinguisher medium released in small spaces does not endanger personnel. 8 MARKING OF EXTINGUISHERS Each extinguisher should be clearly marked with the following minimum information: .1 name of the manufacturer; .2 types of fire for which the extinguisher is suitable; .3 type and quantity of extinguishing medium; .4 approval details; .5 instructions for use and recharge (it is recommended that operations instruction be given in pictorial from); .6 gear of manufacture; .7 temperature range over which the extinguisher will operate satisfactorily; .8 test pressure; 9 PERIODICAL INSPECTIONS AND MAINTENANCE 9.1 Extinguishers should be subject to periodical inspections and maintenance in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The periods between such inspections and maintenance should not exceed the period between safety equipment surveys. 9.2 Records of inspections should be maintained. The records should show the date of inspection, the type of maintenance carried out, and whether or not a pressure test was performed. 9.3 Instructions for recharging extinguishers should be supplied by the manufacturer and be available for use on board. TYPES OF EXTNIGUISHER Halogenated Water Chemical foam Mechanical foam Powder Carbon dioxide hydrocarbons Estinguishing medimn Water solution used: Basic water solution containing foam Tressurized carbon Halogenated Water, with possible salts in solution Basic water solution with foam generating Dry chemical powders generating dioside hydrocarbons substances sub-stances Espellant charge of One basic and one Carbon dioxide or Solution of sulghuric Water solution and Carbon dioxide or Carbon dioxide or the extingui- acid reagent; in rther pressurized inert of hydrochioric acid acid reagent (e.g. other pressurized other inert gases or sher(stored pressure general the basic gases or compressed or aluminium solution of aluminium inert gases or dry air (stored or cartridge as reagent is a solution air (storage pressure sulphate sulghate) compressed air pressure or separate indicated): of sodium bicarbo- of separate cartridge) (stored pressure or cartridge) nate and the acid separate cartridge) reagent is a solution of sulghuric or hydrochloric acid or of aluminium sughate The discharge of the Opening of the valve. Opening of the valve. Opening of the valve. Opening of the valve. Opening of the valve. Opening of the valve. Opening of the valve Opening of the valve extinguisher is Generation of carbon Action of pressurized Generation of carbon Generation of carbon Action of pressurized Action of pressurized of the container of the container achieved by: dioxide (chemical gas (opening of the dioxide (chemical dioxide (chemical gas (opening of the gas (opening of the consitituting the consitituting the reaction which cartridge) raction between the raction between the cartridge) cartridge) extinguisher extinguisher develops inside the acid in the cartridge acid solution in the extinguisher and the basic solution cartridge and the of the charge) basic solution of the charge) TYPES OF EXTNIGUISHER Halogenated The discharged Water Chemical foam Mechanical foam Powder Carbon dioxide hydrocarbons extinguishing Dry chemical powders medium consists of: Water with salts in Foam containing Foam containing the Halogenated Water, with possible salts in solution and carbon dioxide or Carbon dioxide solution carbon dioxide gas used hydrocarbons other gas The discharged Cooling of the burning materials. Water evaporation and consequent Formtion of a foam layer which isolates the Inhibition of the Formation of a local Inhibition of the extinguishing medium formation of a local atmosphere (water/steam) which isolates the burning burning products from the surrounding air combustion proecss inert atmosphere combustion proecss causes the extinction products from the surrounding air by interrupting the (carbon dioxide) by interrupting the of fire by: chemical reaction. which isolates the chemical reaction. Some separation of burning materials burning materials from the surrounding from surrounding air. air. Smothering and cooling action of carbon dioxide. The electrical Very low Very low Very low Low Low Very high. Very high Very high resistance of the Under intense heat discharged some powders may be extinguishing electrically medium is: conductive TYPES OF EXTNIGUISHER Halogenated Water Chemical foam Mechanical foam Powder Carbon dioxide hydrocarbons The jet of the extinguisher is to be directed towards the base of the fire Powder misture Gas, subject to Halon 1211 and 2402 Operating The extinction of the fire is achieved only when subject to windage; windage; they are normally peculiarities and they may therefore therefore have limited discharged as liquids all the burning surface is covered by foam limitations have reduced effectiveness in the whereas halon 1301 effectiveness in the open or in ventilated is normally open or in ventilated spaces discharged as a gas. spaces. When discharged as a gas, subject to windage, it has limited effectiveness in the open or in ventilated spaces. Caution should be exercised in selection of type of halogenated and size of unit particularly if used in accommodation spaces. Avoid use in small enclosed spaces when persons are present inside the spaces. TYPES OF EXTNIGUISHER Halogenated Water Chemical foam Mechanical foam Powder Carbon dioxide hydrocarbons Disadvantages and Not to be used where there are electrical hazards Generated powder Carbon dioxide may Halogenated dangers: mixtures may be be suffocating hydrocarbons may be Malfunctioning of the suffocating. Powder toxic at concentration reducing can damage electuical higher than limitation arrangements may contacts. stated in rejulation result in dangerous overpressures. II-2/5 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention as amended or when decomposed by pyrolysis. Maintenance Extinguishers with copper or copper alloy body should not be polished with products of corrosive nature which may cause wall Some types of powder thickness reduction. Such extinguishers should preferably be painted externally. may be altered by humidity; therefore, avoid the refilling of the extinguisher in humid locations The charge can freeze at temperatures of about 0? (unless the charge is made non-freezable chemically). Avoid installing the extinguisher in The charge can freeze at about -5?. The charge When a carbon dioxide container is provided, excessively warm locations, where can be altered by elevated temperatures (about avoid the installation of the extinguisher in the internal pressure of the carbon 40? or more). Therefore, the extingui- sher excessively warm locations, where the internal dioxide in the cartridge might rise to should not be installed in positions where it may pressure of the carbon dioxide in the container very high values. be exposed to high or low temperatures. might rise to very high values.