资格英语-托福分类模拟题练习三十

资格英语-托福分类模拟题练习三十 托福分类模拟题练习三十 Passage 1 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 1、 What is the woman's problem? A. She does not have enough time to finish writing her paper. B. She is concerned about receiving a poor grade in history. C. She is confused by her professor's response to her paper. D. She does not think her professor graded her paper fairly. 2、 What is the conversation mainly about? A. A place that is special B. Problems with families C. Plans for a school vacation D. A popular beach resort 3、 What is the woman mainly discussing? A. Her courses in child development B. Her internship at a children's agency C. How to look for a job after graduation D. How to organize a political campaign 4、 What problem does the man have? A. He has difficulty remembering some terms. B. He is not skilled at climbing trees. C. He will not be able to take the botany quiz. D. He can't decide which botany course to take. 5、 How does the woman help the man? A. She shows him how to put words in alphabetical order. B. She tells him that memorization is not a good way to study. C. She gives him a list of names beginning with "P" and "X". D. She suggests that he imagine a tree with key letters on it. Passage 2 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 6、 What is the talk mainly about? A. The best places to park on campus B. Services of the Safety and Security Office C. The increasing need for campus security D. Reporting criminal incidents on campus 7、 What does the professor mainly discuss? A. The origins of bread B. The culture of the Nile Valley C. Agricultural development D. Early trade in the Middle East 8、 What is the lecture mainly about? A. Traditional agricultural practices B. The shortage of clean water C. The high use of water by irrigation D. Why water evaporates from fields 9、 What is the lecture mainly about? A. How ancient rivers created deserts B. How scientists work in the desert C. How to walk on sand dunes D. How sand dunes shift position 10、 What is the lecture mainly about? A. Research in pain management B. The benefits of exercise C. Why people have faith in doctors D. The chemistry of the human brain Passage 3 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 11、 What is the speaker's main point? A. Attitudes toward aging can affect how long a person lives. B. People have difficulty learning new skills as they get older. C. Young adults generally have a negative view of older adults. D. People are now living longer than they did in the past. What is the topic of the talk? 12、 A. Worker productivity B. An increase in lawsuits C. Management training D. Diversity in the workplace 13、 What is the speaker's main point? A. The American population is more diverse than ever before. B. Responding to a diverse workforce is an economic decision. C. Employee groups are demanding more rights in the workplace. D. Management training should focus on decision-making. 14、 What is the lecture mainly about? A. Different types of wetlands B. Animal life in marshes C. Characteristics of marshes D. How marshes cause disease 15、 What is the professor's main point? A. Marshes are energy-rich, ecologically important areas. B. A variety of insects, amphibians, reptiles, and birds live in marshes. C. There are several reasons to convert wetlands to agricultural use. D. Marshes are habitat for a large number of endangered species. Passage 4 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 16、 What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Look at the posted job openings B. Call for information about a job C. Make an appointment with a counselor D. Apply for a job in the student center 17、 What type of job does the man want? A. A job that pays well B. A job that will let him study C. A job in his field of interest D. A job as a counselor 18、 What does the woman agree to do? A. Donate some books to the library B. Meet the man outside the library C. Volunteer to work as a cashier D. Buy books at the annual book sale 19、 How are book sale workers compensated? A. They take any ten books that they want. B. They are paid ten dollars an hour in cash. C. They receive a set of encyclopedias. D. They get credit to buy books at the sale. 20、 When will the woman arrive at the book sale? A. 10:00 B. 12:00 C. 3:00 D. 6:00 Why does the woman like her class with Professor Hahn? 21、 A. Professor Hahn is a well-known scientist. B. The assignments and lectures are valuable. C. The students solve practical problems in class. D. Political science is the woman's favorite subject. 22、 What does the man say about Professor Hahn? A. She is the best teacher at the college. B. She tries to amuse her students. C. She cares a lot about her students. D. She expects her students to work hard. 23、 What does the professor want the woman to do? A. Help him write a paper B. Arrange some articles C. Look up information D. Organize a research study 24、 What is the subject of the professor's research? A. Animal behavior B. Journal writing C. Time management D. Child psychology 25、 When will the woman do the work? A. That afternoon B. The next day C. The day after tomorrow D. The following week Passage 5 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 26、 When did the hunting season take place? A. In spring and summer B. In summer and early fall C. From fall until midwinter D. From midwinter until spring 27、 What animals did the northwoods tribes hunt? Click on 2 answers. Lion Eagle Deer Moose 28、 According to the man, how did women participate in hunting? A. Managing the camps B. Snaring small animals C. Searching for game D. Making the bows and arrows 29、 Which activities did women control? Click on 2 answers. Fishing Clan leadership Education Agriculture 30、 According to the professor, what factors are important in choosing a career in the arts? Click on 2 answers. Wealth Talent Luck Experience 31、 According to the professor, why does a career in the arts require a special calling? A. Public tastes in art change frequently. B. Employment in the arts can be uncertain. C. Art schools are expensive and difficult. D. Artistic talent cannot be measured fairly. 32、 How does the professor suggest one get started in a career in the arts? A. Ask a famous artist for a letter of recommendation. B. Look at the job advertisements in the newspaper. C. Do part-time or volunteer work in one's chosen art. D. Apply for a scholarship to a prestigious art school. 33、 According to the instructor, what is the first step in preparing a speech? A. Choose a topic that your teacher will like. B. Realize the speech's importance to you. C. Develop your ideas with examples. D. Read a book about preparing a speech. 34、 What examples of purpose are mentioned in the discussion? Click on 2 answers. To inform others about your subject To describe an interesting experience To make your audience laugh To explain how to do something 35、 What does the instructor want the students to do next? A. Practice their speeches in small groups B. Write down ideas that they think of C. Choose from a list of possible topics D. Brainstorm ways to entertain the class Passage 6 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 36、 What is a pigment? A. A chemical used for cleaning painting equipment B. A cover to protect paintings from the effects of sunlight C. A substance that gives its color to another material D. A synthetic fabric that is suitable for painting on 37、 According to the instructor, what characteristic should a pigment have? A. Ability to be applied at any temperature B. Ability to dry quickly after application C. No loss of strength when dissolved D. No harmful reaction with other pigments 38、 How are pigments generally classified? A. By origin B. By texture C. By color D. By quality 39、 Which natural pigment did the Romans obtain from a shellfish? A. Raw umber B. Indigo C. Tyrian purple D. Ochre 40、 According to the instructor, why are synthetic pigments superior to natural pigments? Click on 2 answers. They last for a longer time. They have a smoother surface. They are less expensive. They provide stronger, brighter colors. 41、 What is the lecture mainly about? A. What parents should consider when buying toys for young children B. Differences between children and monkeys in their choice of toys C. The importance of play in the socialization of preschool children D. The relationship of gender and toy preferences in young children 42、 According to the professor, what does research reveal about toy choices in the youngest children? A. Very young children prefer brightly colored toys. B. There are few differences between boys and girls. C. Children do not always like the toys they are given. D. The research on this topic has been controversial. 43、 According to research mentioned by the professor, what types of toys do male monkeys prefer? A. Cars and balls B. Paper and crayons C. Dolls and pots D. Blocks and sticks 44、 At what age do children start showing gender differences in their choice of toys? A. Two B. Five C. Eight D. Twelve 45、 What is the main point made in the lecture? A. It is a sexist plot to have different toys for boys and girls. B. Girls like playing with dolls because of social conditioning. C. Most children do not care if their toys are for boys or girls. D. Boys and girls naturally prefer different types of toys. Passage 7 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 46、 What are the students discussing? A. Terms from a lecture B. Questions on a test C. Property rights D. Topics for a term paper 47、 What does "primogeniture" mean? A. A state in which the ruler owns all property B. Dividing property among several children C. A system of inheritance by the firstborn son D. Paying property taxes to the state 48、 According to the professor, why do many small businesses fail? A. They do not demand hard work from their employees. B. They do not expand into large businesses. C. They have poor-otuality products and services. D. They lack the financial reserves to absorb losses. 49、 According to the professor, what is essential for success as a small business owner? A. A master's degree in business B. Friends in positions of power C. A large amount of credit D. Good management skills 50、 What are two responsibilities of a store owner? Click on 2 answers. Buying the store building Keeping track of inventory Promoting the store's products Inventing new products 51、 What does the woman want to discuss with the teaching assistant? A. Trouble that happened in class last week B. A friend she met on a field trip C. Something she saw when she was hiking D. A problem with one of her classmates 52、 Where did the woman meet the young man who had a problem? A. In high school B. In biology class C. On a mountain road D. On a desert trail 53、 What help did the young man receive? Click on 2 answers. The woman gave him water. A doctor repaired his leg. The ranger showed him a map. His teacher brought him food. 54、 Why did the young man experience muscle cramps? A. His muscles were weak from too little exercise. B. The cells in his muscles did not have enough oxygen. C. He injured his leg when he fell on a rock. D. An excessive amount of salt collected in the muscles. 55、 what point does the teaching assistant make about what the woman saw? A. The woman recognized biology in real life. B. The woman saw two foolish young men. C. The woman should try to forget what she saw. D. The woman will see more interesting things. Passage 8 Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to each question. To make this practice more like the real test, cover the questions and answers during each conversation. 56、 What is the discussion mainly about? A. The computerized workplace B. Health dangers in the workplace C. How to arrange office furniture D. Disorders of the neck and back 57、 What does the instructor recommend for relieving eyestrain? A. Turn offthe computer for 30 minutes. B. Look at objects that are far away. C. Adjust the level of the room lights. D. Wash the eyes with warm water. 58、 According to the discussion, why is it important to have the right chair? A. Your chair is the best place to take a nap. B. The right chair will impress your boss. C. The chair's color affects your level of stress. D. The right chair can help you avoid back pain. 59、 According to the instructor, what health problem is associated with copy machines? A. Eyestrain B. Neck pain C. Skin rash D. Back pain 60、 Where in the workplace might ozone be a problem? A. At a computer terminal B. On the elevator C. Near the copy machines D. In the parking lot 61、 What is the main topic of the lecture? A. How trade led to the growth of tourism B. Past and present reasons for traveling C. The changing concept of personal enrichment D. New developments in the travel industry 62、 According to the professor, what is the main reason that people traveled many centuries ago? A. The search for resources B. The advancement of science C. The desire for adventure D. The interest in preserving nature 63、 According to the professor, which of the following originated in the past two centuries? Click on 2 answers. Traveling in search of food Traveling for scientific purposes Traveling to establish colonies Traveling for recreation 64、 What does the professor say about ethnic tourism? A. It began in the seventeenth century. B. Its goal is conquest and colonization. C. Its primary activity is big game hunting. D. It helps preserve traditional cultures. 65、 What is the main point made in the lecture? A. The growth of trade stimulated the growth of tourism. B. Traveling for personal enrichment is a modern idea. C. The reasons for traveling have changed over the centuries. D. People today would rather photograph wildlife than kill it. 答案: Passage 1 1、C [解析] M: Hi, Kelsey! How's it going? W: Well, I don't know. I just got my history paper back, and my professor didn't grade it. He just wrote on it, "Come and talk to me about this." M: Really? Is that all he said? Didn't he make any other comments? W: No. So I'm really confused. This is the first time I ever got a paper back with no grade on it. M: That is strange, isn't it? W: Sure is. I did everything I was supposed to. I mean, I followed the instructions of the assignment. M: You'd better go talk to him. You need to find out what he's thinking. W: Yeah, I will. I hope he doesn't ask me to rewrite the paper. What is the woman's problem? The woman is confused by her professor's response to her paper. She says: So I'm really confused. This is the first time I ever got a paper back with no grade on it. 2、C [解析] W: I don't know about you, but I sure am ready for spring break! M: Are you doing anything special? W: I'm going to Mexico to hang out on the beach! Four of us will be staying at a resort owned by Maria's family. How about you? M: I wish I could do the same. Unfortunately, I told my brother I would help him move. But, I don't mind. It's my turn. He's done so much for me in the past. W: Well, I'll be thinking of you as I bask in the sun. M: Gee, thanks. I'll repay the favor some day! What is the conversation mainly about? The speakers mainly discuss their plans for spring break, a school vacation. The woman says: Isure am ready for spring break/The man asks: Are you doing anything special? 3、B [解析] M: What courses will you be taking next semester? W: I won't be taking any courses. I'll be doing an internship instead. M: Oh, really? Where? W: At the Children's Union. It's a nonprofit agency that works on children's issues, like education, nutrition, crime, family issues---even music and the arts. M: That sounds like a great experience because you want to work in that area. W: Yes, I do, and I'm really excited. The position is actually very political. I'll be traveling all over the state, helping to organize events in a lot of different places. I may even get to spend some time in the state capital. M: Excellent! I'm sure you'll leam a lot. Good luck! W: Thanks. I hope this will lead to a job after graduation. What is the woman mainly discussing? The woman is mainly discussing her internship at a children's agency. She says: I'll be doing an internship...; It's a nonprofit agency that works on children's issues 4、A [解析] 4-5 W: Are you ready for our first quiz in botany? M: I guess so, if only I could remember the difference between xylem and phloem. I can't seem to get it straight on which one goes up and which one goes down. W: I always think of a tree and imagine a "P" at the top, up in the branches, and an "X" at the bottom, down in the roots. "P" is above "X" in the tree, just as "P" comes before "X" in alphabetical order. M: Okay. Now what? W: Well, if"P" is up in the branches, it has to go down. M: Okay. Then it's phloem that goes down. W: Right. And "X" is down in the roots, so it has to go up. M: Xylem is down, so it must go up. Xylem up, phloem down. W: Right! Now just imagine your tree tomorrow during the quiz! 4. What problem does the man have? The man has difficulty remembering some terms. He says: ... if only I could remember the difference between xylem and phloem. I can "t seem to get it straight 5、D [解析] 5. How does the woman help the man? The woman suggests that he imagine a tree with key letters on it. She says: I always think of a tree and imagine a "P '" at the top, up in the branches, and an "X" at the bottom Now just imagine your tree tomorrow during the quiz Passage 2 6、B [解析] The place to go for parking permits is the Safety and Security Office on the first floor of the University Services Building. Parking permits are required for all on-campus parking. Special permits are available for students who carpool. You can also get passes for the Fourth Avenue Garage, bus passes, and maps there. The hours are 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday to Thursday, and 8:00 to 4:00 on Fridays. Safety and Security also provides special services 24 hours a day. These include escort service to and from your car, criminal incident reporting and investigation, lost and found, and battery jumper service. What is the talk mainly about? The speaker mainly discusses services of the Safety and Security Office. She says: The place to go for.., is the Safety and Security Office; Safety and Security also provides 7、A [解析] In the Nile Valley ten thousand years ago, the people used stones to crush grain into coarse flour. Then they turned the flour into primitive forms of bread. Primitive bread wasn't like the bread we know today; it was simply flour dough dried on heated stones. The invention of ovens came later. Leavened breads and cakes, which are made to rise by the action of yeast, were also a discovery of the ancient Egyptians. The Egyptians were the first people to master the art of baking. News of this new wonder food spread to other places in the Middle East. Soon other people were collecting seed, cultivating land, and inventing ways to turn grain into flour. What does the professor mainly discuss? The professor mainly discusses the origins of bread. She says: ...primitive forms of bread. Primitive bread wasn't like the bread we know today...; Leavened breads and cakes.., were also a discovery of the ancient Egyptians; News of this new wonder food spread 8、C [解析] One thing that really concerns water resource analysts is how much water agriculture uses--much more than all other water-using sectors of society. One of our greatest concerns is the very high use of water by irrigation. Of course, some forms of irrigation use water more efficiently than others do. The efficiency of water use varies by region, crop, agricultural practice, and irrigation technology. The least efficient types of irrigation are the traditional surface methods, such as field flooding. It takes a lot of water to flood a field. The water collects into ponds or basins, but then most of it either evaporates into the air or passes down through the soil into groundwater. This means that less than half of all the water applied to the field is actually used by the crop. The rest is lost to evaporation or to groundwater. What is the lecture mainly about? The professor mainly discusses the high use of water by irrigation. He says: One of our greatest concerns is the very high use of water by irrigation; The least efficient types of irrigation...field flooding. It takes a lot of water to flood afield. 9、D [解析] The dunes called Spirit Sands make up the Manitoba Desert-Canada's only desert. These five kilometers of dunes were formed 10,000 years ago, when an ancient river dumped billions of tons of sand and gravel at the edge of a glacial lake. The dunes of Spirit Sands are constantly changing ... they are truly "rolling" dunes. Here's how it works. The sand in each dune becomes progressively finer toward the top. The heavier particles tend to settle at the base on the windward side. The wind blows the finer particles up the slope, and eventually they kind of trickle down the other side. Thus, the dune sort of walks downwind. It will reverse direction when the wind changes. Each dune is covered with tiny, rolling waves, and each wave itself is a tiny dune. What is the lecture mainly about? The speaker mainly discusses how sand dunes shift position. She says: The dunes of Spirit Sands are constantly changing...; Here's how it works; ... the dune sort of walks downwind," It will reverse direction 10、A [解析] There've been several influential studies in pain management. Some of the most interesting of these study endorphins, the body's own natural painkillers. For example, we now know that exercise stimulates the productior, of endorphins. Lack of exercise, on the other hand, not only shuts down endorphin production, but can also lead to muscle deterioration. This is why you see a lot of pain specialists prescribing exercise for patients with chronic pain. Another interesting area involves the power of the placebo effect. We've known for some time that a sugar pill or other inactive placebo can sometimes make a sick person feel better. Somehow, the power of suggestion ... or faith in the doctor, or the drug ... will start a process of healing. We now think a neurochemical component--what may actually happen is the placebo effect allows some people to sort of tap into the supply of endorphins in their own brains. What is the lecture mainly about? The speaker mainly discusses research in pain management. He says: There've been several influential studies in pain management. He then gives examples of research studies. Passage 3 11、A [解析] One study on aging suggests that the key to a longer life might be the way you think about yourself as you get older, that is, how you see your own aging. The researchers found that people who view aging positively live longer than people who view it negatively. This study began 26 years ago and took place in a small town in the Midwest. The participants were 640 men and women who were 50 to 90 years old at the time. The sub iects were asked to agree or disagree with statements about aging ... for example, statements like "As you get older, you become less useful" and "Older people can't learn new skills." The data showed that respondents with the most positive attitudes survived a median of 22 years after their initial interview, while those with negative views lived just 15 years--a difference of seven years. What is the speaker's main point? The speaker's main point is that attitudes toward aging can affect how long a person lives. She says: ...the key to a longer life might be the way you think about yourself as you get older...; ...people who view aging positively live longer than people who view it negatively. 12、D [解析] 2-3 An increasing number of newcomers to the American workforce come from populations that have been underserved in the past because of racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural differences. The increase in minority populations brings about "market place" demands. There is a growing economic need to respond to diversity, as organizations must manage and train this increasingly diverse workforce. The primary goal of all training and development programs is to provide workers at all levels of an organization with the knowledge and skills to perform their jobs and help the organization meet its business goals. For most organizations, the decision to provide diversity training is a business rather than a moral decision. Good management depends on working effectively with other people by understanding and appreciating differences in perspective. Organizations that do not respond to diversity experience lawsuits, high turnover, low morale and productivity, loss of talent to competitors, additional recruitment and training costs, and negative publicity. 2. What is the topic of the talk? The speaker mainly discusses diversity in the workplace. He says: ...racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural differences," ...increasingly diverse workforce; ... diversity training...; ... differences in perspective. 13、B [解析] What is the speaker's main point? The speaker's main point is that responding to a diverse workforce is an economic decision. He says: There is a growing economic need to respond to diversity, as organizations must manage and train this increasingly diverse workforce; For most organizations, the decision to provide diversity training is a business rather than a moral decision. 14、C [解析] 4-5 A marsh is a wetland where the soil is regularly or perma- nently saturated with water. Because of the water, marsh vege- tation is usually soft-stemmed or herbaceous--grasses, sedges, and mosses. Marshes are among the richest of all biomes. Animal life is highly diverse and includes an array of insects, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Because marshes are so biologically productive, an abundance of energy-rich organic matter enters the food web each year. Much of this energy-rich biomass comes from dead plant and animal material that is broken down by bacteria and water fungi. The water in marshes may become tea-colored or dark brown because of the organic acids from the decaying vegetation. In the past, people viewed marshes--and most wetlands--as the source of mosquitoes, bad odors, and disease. As a result, many wetlands were destroyed to make way for agricultural development. Now, however, we recognize the ecological importance of marshes and we're putting a lot of research into figuring out how they can be restored. 4. What is the lecture mainly about? The professor mainly discusses characteristics of marshes. She says: A marsh is a wetland where the soil is" regularly or permanently saturated with water," ...marsh vegetation is...," Animal life is...; The water in marshes may become tea-colored or dark brown...; ... the ecological importance of marshes 15、A [解析] 5. What is the professor's main point? The professor's main point is that marshes are energy-rich, ecologically important areas. She says: Marshes are among the richest of all biomes; Much of this energy-rich biomass...; ... we recognize the ecological importance of marshes.... Passage 4 16、A [解析] 1-2 M: I had a lot of expenses this quarter, and the money my parents sent didn't last very long. I may have to get some kind of job. W: You can probably find something right here on campus. You should check out the job board in the student center. M: Where is that exactly? W: In the student center, on the first floor, next to counseling. In fact, I think it's part of the counseling center. You can ask one of the counselors if you want more information about any of the jobs listed. M: My problem is that I need the money but I don't have a lot of spare time. I'd like a quiet job that would allow me to get some reading done. W: Then go on over there. Maybe there's an opening for night watchman. 1. What does the woman suggest the man do? The woman says: You should check out the job board in the student center. 17、B [解析] 2. What type of job does the man want? The man says: I'd like a quiet job that would allow me to get some reading done. 18、C [解析] 3-5 M: Hey, Lorrie, are you doing anything on Wednesday afternoon? W: I usually either go to the computer lab or go home after I get out of class. Why? M: Well, we're having our annual book sale at the library, and we need extra cashiers. W: When is the sale? M: All day Wednesday, from ten until six. The busiest time will be from around noon to three. If you're free in the afternoon, why not volunteer to help us out? The library will give you ten dollars in book credit for every hour you work. You have to use the credit at this sale, but that will get you a lot of books. Most are priced around one or two dollars. W: Why are you selling books from the library? M: The sale includes mostly books people have donated to the library. There are a lot of paperbacks and things like encyclopedias. W: Oh, I see. I guess I could spare a few hours. M: Great! I can put your name down then? W: Sure. I'll be there around noon. M: Thanks, Lorrie! 3. What does the woman agree to do? The man says: ...we need extra cashiers...why not volunteer to help us out? The woman says: I guess I could spare a few hours; I'll be there around noon. 19、D [解析] 4. How are book sale workers compensated? The man says: The library will give you ten dollars in book credit for every hour you work. You have to use the credit at this sale 20、B [解析] 5. When will the woman arrive at the book sale? The woman says: I'll be there around noon. 21、B [解析] 6-7 M: How do you like your classes this term? W: All of my classes are really good. I especially like political science with Professor Hahn. M: Oh, I had Professor Hahn for American history. We had to write a lot of papers. But one time we had a debate, and I'll never forget that. W: Her assignments are challenging but useful. And she has the most interesting stories to illustrate her lectures. She really makes us think. M: And she really makes you work in her class! W: I know. But I'm starting to figure things out as a result of this class. M: Great! 6. Why does the woman like her class with Professor Hahn? The woman says: Her assignments are challenging but useful. And she has the most interesting stories to illustrate her lectures. She really makes us think; ...I'm starting to figure things out as a result of this class. 22、D [解析] 7. What does the man say about Professor Hahn? The man says: We had to write a lot of papers; ...she really makes you work in her class! 23、B [解析] 8-10 W: Professor Abraham, did you want to see me? M: Yes, please come in Nina, I have a job here that I hope you can help me with. W: I'd like to, if I can. M: Well, see this stack of paper? These are all journal articles that I need to go through for my research. It would really help if they were arranged more logically. Can you help me? I imagine it will take a few hours of your time. W: Yes, of course I can. How do you want them organized? M: Well, primarily by subject, and then by date. There are articles from the past four or five years. Most are about primate behavior, but a few deal with other mammals or birds, or with behavioral psychology in general. W: This will be interesting. I have some free time tomorrow afternoon. Would that be all right? M: That sounds perfect. 8. What does the professor want the woman to do? The professor says: These are all journal articles that I need to go through for my research. It would really help if they were arranged more logically. Can you help me? 24、A [解析] 9. What is the subject of the professor's research? The professor says: Most are about primate behavior, but a few deal with other mammals or birds, or with behavioral psychology in general. 25、B [解析] 10. When will the woman do the work? The woman says: I have some free time tomorrow afternoon. Would that be all right? Passage 5 26、C [解析] 1-4 M: The men of the northwoods tribes were the hunters. The hunting season began in the fall and continued until midwinter. These expeditions frequently took the hunters away from the village for long periods of time. Moose, deer, beaver, bear, and elk were the animals sought. Large deer drives were common, and small animals were taken with snares or the bow and arrow. W: Did the women ever go hunting with the men? M: The women often accompanied their husbands on hunting parties. Their job was to take charge of the camps. W: Do you mean they just cooked for the men? I thought the Native Americans had more of a system of equality. M: Overall, men and women shared the labor. On hunting expeditions, women basically supported the men, whose job was to procure the game. On the other hand, women controlled other realms of life. For example, women managed all of the agricultural operations. Also, a woman headed each clan, and these women were respected for their role as keepers of the clan. 1. When did the hunting season take place? The man says: The hunting season began in the fall and continued until midwinter. 27、CD [解析] 2. What animals did the northwoods tribes hunt? The man says: Moose, deer.., were the animals sought. 28、A [解析] 3. According to the man, how did women participate in hunting? The man says: The women often accompanied their husbands on hunting parties. Their job was to take charge of the camps. 29、BD [解析] 4. Which activities did women control? Women controlled clan leadership: ...a woman headed each clan, and these women were respected for their role as keepers of the clan. Women also controlled agriculture: ...women managed all of the agricultural operations. 30、BD [解析] 5-7 M: Before you undertake a career in the arts. there are a number of factors to consider. Whether your goal is to be an actor or an animator, a saxophonist or a sculptor, talent is an essential considerati,~n. But talent alone won't guarantee a successful career in the arts; you also need training, experience, and self- discipline. Most importantly, however, you should realize that a career in the arts requires a personal sense of commitment--a calling--because art does have a history of insecure employment. A lot of artists find it difficult--even impossible---to live on the money they make from their art. Most have to supplement their income by teaching, or by working behind the scenes, or by doing other work not related to the arts. W: In your opinion, what's the best way for us to know if we really have a calling to art? M: Well ... those of you who are interested in art as a career should talk with arts professionals, ,Jr work in the arts yourselves. Professionals can give good firsthand advice, but experience is the best way to get a feel for the field. W: What kind of experience? I mean ... how do we get started? M: Experience doesn't have to be formal. It can be part-time or volunteer work. For example, if you want to be a photographer or graphic designer, you could work for your school newspaper. Or if your interest is acting, you could start out in cowmunity theater. The important thing is getting started-- spending time doing something in your chosen medium. 5. According to the professor, what factors are important in choosing a career in the arts? Talent is an important factor for a career in the arts: ...there are a number of factors to consider Whether your goal is to be an actor or an animator, a saxophonist or a sculptor, talent is an essential consideration. Experience is another important factor: ...you also need training, experience...; ... experience is the best way to get a feel for the field. 31、B [解析] According to the professor, why does a career in the arts require a special calling? The professor says: ...a career in the arts requires a personal sense of commitment--a calling--because art does have a history of insecure employment. 32、C [解析] How does the professor suggest one get started in a career in the arts? The woman asks: ...how do we get started? The professor replies: Experience doesn't have to be formal It can be part-time or volunteer work; The important thing is getting started-- spending time doing something in your chosen medium. 33、B [解析] 8-10 W: For your speaking assignment, you will want to follow a logical series of steps in preparing for your speech. The first step, of course, is to realize the importance of the speech to you. M1: But isn't that always the same in this class? After all, you give us an assignment and we want to get a good grade for it. W: Yes, that's true, but the grade isn't the only thing that's important. M2: Yeah, Paul, think of us, your listeners! We want you to believe in what you're saying! W: Next, of course, you select your subject. Then, decide on your purpose. Do you simply want to inform us about your subject? Or do you want to influence us in some way? Write down a statement of exactly what you wish to accomplish in the speech. This is the first step in organizing your thoughts. M1: Is entertainment a purpose? W: It could be, yes. Your purpose could be to make your audience laugh. M2: I expect you to be really funny, Paul! W: After you decide on your purpose and organize your ideas, you are ready to develop your ideas interestingly and soundly. Why don't you all just take a few minutes to start brainstorming? Jot down ideas that come to mind--things that matter to you, things you feel strongly about. 8. According to the instructor, what is the first step in preparing a speech? The instructor says: The ftrst step, of course, is to realize the importance of the speech to you. 34、AC [解析] What examples of purpose are mentioned in the discussion? The speakers mention the purpose of informing others about your subject: ...decide on your purpose. Do you simply want to inform us about your subject? The speakers also mention making your audience laugh: Your purpose could be to make your audience laugh. 35、B [解析] What does the instructor want the students to do next? The instructor says: Why don "t you all just take a few minutes to start brainstorming? Jot down ideas that come to mind.... Passage 6 36、C [解析] 1-5 Whether you're working with oil, tempera, or watercolor, it's the pigment that gives the paint its color. A pigment can either be mixed with another material or applied over its surface in a thin layer. When a pigment is mixed or ground in a liquid vehicle to form paint, it does not dissolve but remains suspended in the liquid. A paint pigment should be a smooth, finely divided powder. It should withstand the action of sunlight without changing color. A pigment should not exert a harmful chemical reaction upon the medium, or upon other color pigments it is mixed with. Generally, pigments are classified according to their origin, either natural or synthetic. Natural inorganic pigments, also known as mineral pigments, include the native "earths" such as ochre--yellow iron oxide--and raw umber--brown iron oxide. Natural organic pigments come from vegetable and animal sources. Some examples are indigo, from the indigo plant, and Tyrian purple, the imperial purple the Romans prepared from a shellfish native to the Mediterranean. Today, many pigments are synthetic varieties of traditional inorganic and organic pigments. Synthetic organic pigments provide colors of unmatched intensity and tinting strength. The synthetic counterparts of the yellow and red earths are more brilliant and, if well prepared, are superior in all other respects to the native products. Inorganic synthetic colors made with the aid of strong heat are generally the most permanent for all uses. In contrast, pigments from natural sources are less permanent than the average synthetic color. 1. What is a pigment? The instructor says: ...it's the pigment that gives the paint its color 37、D [解析] According to the instructor, what characteristic should a pigment have? The instructor says: A pigment should not exert a harmful chemical reaction upon the medtum, or upon other color pigments it is mixed with. 38、A [解析] How are pigments generally classified? The instructor says: Generally, pigments are classified according to their origin, either natural or synthetic. 39、C [解析] Which natural pigment did the Romans obtain from a shellfish? The instructor says: ... Tyrian purple, the imperial purple the Romans prepared from a shellfish native to the Mediterranean. 40、AD [解析] According to the instructor, why are synthetic pigments superior to natural pigments? Synthetic pigments are superior because they last for a longer time: Inorganic synthetic colors.., are generally the most permanent for all uses. In contrast, pigments from natural sources are less permanent than the average synthetic color. They also provide stronger, brighter colors: Synthetic organic pigments provide colors of unmatched intensity and tinting strength. The synthetic counterparts of the yellow and red earths are more brilliant and...are superior in all other respects to the native products. 41、D [解析] 6-10 So ... when children grab for their favorite toys, what's guiding them? Is it social conditioning, or is it nature? Research shows that two-year-old boys like to play with dolls and kitchen sets as much as little girls do. Still, by age five or so, most will tell you those toys are for girls. The older they get, the more children will say that a certain toy is either for girls or for boys. How do they learn this? I believe--and research supports this--that a child's choic of toys is a natural occurrence, not a sexist plot by society. Studies show that monkeys, like children, pick their toys based on gender. When male and female monkeys were given a wide choice of toys to play with, male monkeys spent more time playing with cars and balls, and females spent more time with dolls and pots. In one study of human children, researchers observed children playing with toys in a preschool class. There were eight boys and three girls in the class. During the hour for free play, two of the girls usually went straight to the kitchen area and stayed there most of the hour. One girl usually sat at the table, coloring and drawing pictures. The boys usually spent most of the hour with blocks--building towers and then knocking them down. I'll briefly summarize the rest of their findings. First, they observed that younger children of both sexes play with both dolls and trucks, with no apparent thought of being a boy or girl. But around age five, the boys start moving away from kitchen play, and the girls start ignoring cars and trucks. Older kids of both sexes like blocks. And ... sometimes kids will hea that they shouldn't play with something because it's a boy or girl toy. Sometimes an older kid tells them; sometimes it's a parent. So, it seems that parents and older children do reinforce th gender stereotypes to some extent. But still, despite some minor evidence of social conditioning, the research supports the idea that most boys and girls are naturally drawn to different types of toys, and it doesn't matter what their parents and society teach them. 6. What is the lecture mainly about? The professor mainly talks about the relationship of gender and toy preferences in young children. She says: ...pick their toys based on gender," ... two of the girls usually went straight to the kitchen area...; One girl usually sat at the table, coloring...; The boys usually spent most of the hour with blocks..., ... the research supports the idea that most boys and girls are naturally drawn to different types of toys 42、B [解析] According to the professor, what does research reveal about toy choices in the youngest children? The professor says: Research shows that two-year-old boys like to play with dolls and ki'tchen sets as much as little girls do; ...younger children of both sexes' play with both dolls and trucks, with no apparent thought of being a boy or girl. 43、A [解析] According to research mentioned by the professor, what types of toys do male monkeys prefer? The professor says: ...male monkeys spent more time playing with cars and balls 44、B [解析] At what age do children start showing gender differences in their choice of toys? The professor says: ...by agefive orso, most will tell you those toys are for girls; ... around age five, the boys start moving away from kitchen play, and the girls start ignoring cars and trucks. 45、D [解析] What is the main point made in the lecture? The professor's main point is that boys and girls naturally prefer different types of toys. She says: I believe---and research supports this- that a child's choice of toys is a natural occurrence, not a sexist plot by society; ... the research supports the idea that most boys and girls are naturally drawn to different types of toys Passage 7 46、A [解析] 1-2 M: That was a pretty good history lecture, don't you think? W: Well, to be honest, I didn't understand what Dr. Marquez meant by "partible inheritance" and it seems like that's an important thing to know. M: Partible inheritance means that a man's property would be divided equally among all his children. After the man died, that is. W: Oh. Then what's "primogeniture"? M: That's when all the property goes to the eldest son. Just think about the word "primogeniture." "Primo" means "one" or "first," right? W: Right. Oh, I get it! "Primogeniture" is when the first son gets everything. M: That's right. W: Now it's starting to make sense. 1. What are the students discussing? The students are discussing terms from a lecture. They say: ...history lecture...;...meant by "partible inheritance "...; ... what 's "primogeniture "; ... the word "primogeniture." 47、C [解析] What does "primogeniture" mean? The woman asks: ...what's "'primogeniture"? The man answers: That's when all the property goes to the eldest son. 48、D [解析] 3-5 W: Small business owners usually consider themselves successful when they can support themselves solely from the profits of their business. So, why do so many small businesses fail each year? Well, for one thing, they usually face stiff competition from larger, more established companies. Large companies generally have cash reserves that enable them to absorb losses more easily than small firms can. Still, with the right combination of factors, a small business can do quite well. M: My friend has a bicycle shop, and he runs the entire operation by himself. He buys the inventory, repairs bicycles, and sells to customers. He also builds the displays and cleans the shop---he does everything! And he manages to stay in business! W: It is possible to make it--with hard work, good management, and a product or service for which there's a demand. A small business owner performs a lot of different tasks. It's absolutely essential to be a competent manager, as I'm sure your friend is. You also need to have a thorough knowledge of your field--a combination of formal education and practical training suited to your kind of business. To run a store, for example, you need to know how to keep track of your inventory--what you have to sell--and your accounts, so you need courses in accounting and business. Experience in retailing is helpful, too. Your primary responsibilities center on planning, management, and marketing, so organizational skills are a must. To keep your store in business, you have to adapt to changing market conditions. This means improving services or promoting your products in innovative ways. 3. According to the professor, why do many small businesses fail? The professor says: So, why do so many small businesses fail each year? Well, for one thing, they usually face stiff competition from larger, more established companies. Large companies generally have cash reserves that enable them to absorb losses more easily than small firms can. 49、D [解析] According to the professor, what is essential for success as a small business owner? The professor says: It's absolutely essential to be a competent manager...; Your primary responsibilities center on planning, management, and marketing, so organizational skills are a must. 50、BC [解析] What are two responsibilities of a store owner? One responsibility of a store owner is keeping track of inventory: To run a store, for example, you need to know how to keep track of your inventory Another responsibility is promoting the store's products: To keep your store in business, you have to adapt to changing market conditions. This means improving services or promoting your products in innovative ways. 51、C [解析] 6-10 W: Hi, Gordon. M: Hello, Julie. How are you? W: Fine. I wonder if I could ask you a few questions. M: Sure. What's on your mind? W: Well, something happened--I mean I saw something happen--on a hike I did last weekend, and I was wondering if it sort of fit what we learned about muscle cells. M: This sounds like it might be interesting. What did you see? W: Well, I was hiking with my friend--on the desert canyon trail--and we ran into these two guys sitting by the side of the trail. It turns out they were part of a high school group. My friend and I stopped to talk to them, and it turns out that one of them was sc, rt of having trouble. He said he'd been having leg cramps for about five hours. M: Oh. That's not good on the canyon trail. W: I know. We asked if they had water and food, and they said a little, but their teacher went back t,) get some more. The guy with the cramps said he didn't feel like eating. So, we gave them one of our water bottles, and we just went on. Later on, on the way back, we ran into them again. This time the teacher and the ranger were there. The guy was eating saltine crackers. It turns out he'd skipped breakfast that day. M: Well that was a dumb thing to do! A strenuous hike in the desert is not the time to diet. W: So, I wondered if his muscle cramps were because of what we talked about in class, because lactic acid ferments when the cell has no oxygen. M: I'd say that's what happened with this young man. Do you remember why it happens? W: Well, I know that human muscle cells make ATP by lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is scarce It's what happens when ... during exercise, when ATP production needs more oxygen than the muscles can supply. The cells then have to switch from aerobic respiration to fermentation. This means lactate collects in the muscle as a waste product, and that causes muscle pain. M: That's absolutely correct. And the young man reade his problem worse by not eating after he first experienced cramps. He was simply out of fuel. His teacher did the right thing by getting him to eat something salty. W: I guess it's important to balance food and water intake. M: That's right. Well, Julie, it looks like you saw biology in action! W: Yeah! It's cool. I can really understand what happened. 6. What does the woman want to discuss with the teachiag assistant? The woman says: ...I saw something happen-- on a hike I did last weekend.... 52、D [解析] Where did the woman meet the young man who had a problem? The woman says: I was hiking with my friend-- on the desert canyon trail--and we ran into these two guys sitting by the side of the trail. ...it turns out that one of them was sort of having trouble. 53、AD [解析] What help did the young man receive? The young man received water from the woman: ...we gave them one of our water bottles He also received food from his teacher: We asked if they had water and food, and they said a little, but their teacher went back to get some more; ... the teacher and the ranger were there. The guy was eating saltine crackers. 54、B [解析] Why did the young man experience muscle cramps? The woman says: I wondered if his muscle cramps were.., because lactic acid ferments when the cell has no oxygen; ...human muscle cells make ATP by lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is scarce; This means lactate collects in the muscle as a waste product, and that causes muscle pain. 55、A [解析] What point does the teaching assistant make about what the woman saw? The teaching assistant says: Well, Julie, it looks like you saw biology in action! Passage 8 56、B [解析] 1-5 M1: The computerized workplace can be hazardous to your health if you don't take preventative measures. Today we'll go over what some of these hazards are, and more importantly, what can be done about them. One major complaint--maybe the biggest complaint--of people who spend time at the computer is eyestrain. To help ease the strain on the eyes, the computer screen should be about two feet from your eyes. The entire screen should be in focus. The brightness and contrast should be adjusted for best readability. A good way to relieve eyestrain is to look away from the screen frequently. Focus your eyes on objects that are far away, like something outside--the building across the street or the tree in the parking lot. W: But what if your office doesn't have a window? I mean, I've worked in lots of places where there's no window. M1: Then in that case, you need to get up and walk around. You should never sit for more than 30 minutes at a time anyway. This is important for the rest of your body as well, namely your back. Neck and back pain are a big problem for computer people. Always make sure your screen, keyboard, and chair are at the right height for you. M2: I think it's important to have a comfortable chair, one that sort of shifts your weight a little bit forward. I put a cushion on my chair, and that really helps my lower back. M1: That's not a bad idea. The right chair is a must, the right posture as well. Remember what your mother told you--sit up straight, with your feet on the floor. Another thing I wanted to talk about is air pollution in the workplace--sorry, did you have a question, Martha? W: I've heard that copy machines are bad for you. Is there anything to this? M1: Photocopy machines aren't a health hazard for people who use them only occasionally. But for people who use them a lot, there can be bad effects. For example, people who handle the toners can get skin rashes. If you handle the toner, you should pour it in slowly, to avoid spreading the dust, and always wash your hands afterward. Another problem--if the machines are in an area that's not well ventilated--is ozone. W: Ozone! No kidding! M1: It's true. Almost all photocopiers give off some ozone. However, the amount is usually less than what's considered hazardous. Most machines have an ozone filter, but this can still leak if the machine's not properly maintained. If you can smell a sort of electrical odor coming from the machine, it's a sign that it's giving off too much ozone. 1. What is the discussion mainly about? The speakers mainly discuss health dangers in the workplace. The instructor says: The computerized workplace can be hazardous to your health...; Today we'll go over what some of these hazards are 57、B [解析] What does the instructor recommend for relieving eyestrain? The instructor says: A good way to relieve eyestrain is to look away from the screen frequently. Focus your eyes on objects that are far away 58、D [解析] According to the discussion, why is it important to have the right chair? The instructor says: Neck and back pain are a big problem for computer people. Always make sure your screen, keyboard, and chair are at the right height for you. The man says: ...it's important to have a comfortable chair," I put a cushion on my chair, and that really helps my lower back. 59、C [解析] According to the instructor, what health problem is associated with copy machines? The instructor says: Photocopy machines aren't a health hazard for people who use them only occasionally. But for people who use them a lot, there can be bad effects. For example, people who handle the toners can get skin rashes. 60、C [解析] Where in the workplace might ozone be a problem? The instructor says: Another problem--if the machines are in an area that's not well ventilated--is ozone; Almost all photocopiers give off some ozone. 61、B [解析] 6-10 Why do people travel to distant lands? Many centuries ago, the reasons for travel were primarily economic or political. The idea of traveling for personal enrichment is fairly modern, only a few centuries old, and traveling just for adventure is even newer. Humans have always traveled across the earth. Early hunting-gathering people migrated in search of resources to sustain themselves. Later, after the spread of civilization, traders journeyed throughout Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East in search of perfumes, spices and other goods. Vikings traveled across the seas in search of fish, timber, and other natural resources. Europeans explored Africa and the Americas, conquering other civilizations and establishing colonies. These activities--the search for resources, the growth of trade, conquest and colonization--all stimulated the growth of tourism. While the earliest tourists traveled in search of resources, later tourists took trips for cultural, educational, and scientific purposes. During the seventeenth century, the young members of Europe's wealthy classes took "grand tours" through Europe to learn about languages, theater, music, and art. Beginning in the nineteenth century, naturalists like Charles Darwin studied animal and plant species in exotic places. Darwin's travels created interest in traveling for scientific advancement. In the early twentieth century, John Muir began to write about his wanderings through the southern United States, Alaska, and India, and his writings inspired people to preserve the natural world. Other travel heroes, such as Ernest Hemingway, wrote of their African safaris to hunt big game, and this exposed people to the possibilities of journeying to faraway places for adventure. The tourists of today take trips purely for pleasure, recreation, adventure, and, of course, personal growth. Many travelers now seek out the most distant places and the most unusual cultures. We can see this in ethnic tourism, a contemporary version of cultural tourism that includes visits to traditional villages and people's homes to observe social customs, see native arts and crafts, and watch local ceremonies, and so on. Ethnic tourism helps preserve aboriginal cultures that might otherwise be endangered by assimilation into the larger society. In fact, ethnic tourism allows us to enjoy folk dances and songs and ceremonies that might otherwise be lost. Another growing area of tourism is environmental tourism, which is related to ethnic tourism. Environmental tourists travel to pristine wilderness areas where few people have gone before. Their goal is to observe and learn about nature. The African safaris of today are environmental tourism. Their purpose is to observe and photograph wildlife rather than kill it. 6. What is the main topic of the lecture? The professor mainly discusses past and present reasons for traveling. She says: Many centuries ago, the reasons for travel were...; While the earliest tourists traveled in search of..., later tourists took trips for...; The tourists of today take trips purely for 62、A [解析] According to the professor, what is the main reason that people traveled many centuries ago? The professor says: Many centuries ago, the reasons for travel were primarily economic or political," Early hunting-gathering people migrated in search of resources to sustain themselves; ...the search for resources...; While the earliest tourists traveled in search of resources 63、BD [解析] According to the professor, which of the following originated in the past two centuries? Traveling for scientific purposes originated in the past two centuries: Beginning in the nineteenth century, naturalists like Charles Darwin studied animal and plant species in exotic places. Darwin's travels created interest in traveling for scientific advancement. Traveling for recreation also originated in the past two centuries: The tourists of today take trips purelyforpleasure, recreation 64、D [解析] What does the professor say about ethnic tourism? The professor says: Ethnic tourism helps preserve aboriginal cultures that might otherwise be endangered 65、C [解析] What is the main point made in the lecture? The main point made in the lecture is that the reasons for traveling have changed over the centuries. The professor says: Many centuries ago, the reasons for travel were primarily economic or political; While the earliest tourists traveled in search of resources, later tourists took trips for cultural, educational, and scientific purposes; The tourists of today take trips purely for pleasure, recreation, adventure, and...personal growth.