Intermediate Accounting
00928038
樊帅
有效利率法(Effective
Interest
Method)
1、原理解释:长期应付债券(Long-‐term
Bonds
Payable)
(1)入账要求(Rules
of
accounting)
○1 Interest
expense
is
based
on
the
market
interest
rate
on
the
date
of
the
debt
issuance
and
the
beginning
balance
of
the
liability.
○2 Book
value
is
the
present
value
of
all
future
cash
payments,
discounted
at
the
market
interest
rate
at
issuance.
(2)平价发行(Bonds
Issued
at
Face
Value
on
Bond
Date)1
未来应支付与返还的利息费用(Interest
Expense)和本金(Face
Value)保
持不变,由于市场利率(Market
Interest
Rate)与票面利率(Face
Interest
Rate)
一致,因此无账面上的盈利与亏损,不必在后续年份摊入或冲减利息费用
(Interest
Expense)。
1
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
中 Premium以及下表中 Discount均平均分摊,只为
说明
关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书
账户借贷结转含义,事实上,有效利率法要
求用余额(beginning
balance)与市场利率(Market
Interest
Rate)的乘积与支付现金(Cash)的差作为每
期摊销额。
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 77
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Dec 31 Cash 10,000
Bonds Payable 10,000
To record bond issue
10 ×$1,000 = $10,000
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 77
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Jun 30 Interest Expense 500
& Cash 500
Dec 31 To record bond interest payments
$10,000 ×10% ×1/2 = $500
Intermediate Accounting
00928038
樊帅
(2)溢价发行(Bonds
Issued
above
Face
Value
on
Bond
Date)
未来应支付与返还的利息费用(Interest
Expense)和本金(Face
Value)保
持不变,由于市场利率(Market
Interest
Rate)低于票面利率(Face
Interest
Rate),
因此溢价发行(Premium
on
Bonds
Payable)2形成账面上的盈利,因此需在后
续年份冲减利息费用(Interest
Expense)。
2
此处的 Premium与下面的 Discount均是由于货币时间价值与利息支付所产生的溢价与折价。若不支付
年金利息,则溢价与折价为完全差额;若支付部分年金利息即票面利率和市场利率不同,则溢价与折价为
部分差额;若支付全部年金利息即票面利率和市场利率相同,则无溢价与折价。
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 77
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Dec 31 Cash 1,081,105
Premium on Bonds Payable 81,105
Bonds Payable 1,000,000
To record bond issue at premium
Partial Balance Sheet at 12/31/X0
Long-term Liabilities:
Bonds Payable 1,000,000$
Add: Premium on Bonds Payable 81,105 1,081,105$
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 77
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Jun 30 Interest Expense 50,000
& Cash 50,000
Dec 31 To record bond interest payment
$1,000,000 ×10% × 1/2= $50,000
Jun 30 Premium on Bonds Payable 8,111
& Interest Expense 8,111
Dec 31 To record premium amortization
$81,105÷ 5 yrs. = $16,221 per year
$16,221 ÷2 = $8,111 rounded
Intermediate Accounting
00928038
樊帅
(4)折价发行(Bonds
Issued
below
Face
Value
on
Bond
Date)
未来应支付与返还的利息费用(Interest
Expense)和本金(Face
Value)保
持不变,由于市场利率(Market
Interest
Rate)高于票面利率(Face
Interest
Rate),
因此折价发行(Discount
on
Bonds
Payable)形成账面上的亏损,因此需在后续
年份摊入利息费用(Interest
Expense)。
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 77
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Dec 31 Cash 926,395
Discount on Bonds Payable 73,605
Bonds Payable 1,000,000
To record bond issue at discount
Partial Balance Sheet at 12/31/X0
Long-term Liabilities:
Bonds Payable 1,000,000$
Less: Discount on Bonds Payable 73,605 926,395$
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 77
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Jun 30 Interest Expense 50,000
& Cash 50,000
Dec 31 To record bond interest payment
$1,000,000 ×10% × 1/2= $50,000
Jun 30 Interest Expense 7,360
& Discount on Bonds Payable 7,360
Dec 31 To record discount amortization
$73,605 ÷ 5 yrs. = $14,721 per year
$14,721 ÷ 2 = $7,360 rounded
Intermediate Accounting
00928038
樊帅
2、实例说明:长期应付票据(Long-‐term
Notes
Payable)
例:On 1/1/X4 Dairy Farms Inc. issued a $100,000, 3-year, 6% notes in exchange
for equipment. Interest is paid every 12/31. The equipment does not have a ready
market value. The appropriate rate of interest for notes of this type is 9%.
Amortization table for note payable
Date Interest
payment
Interest
expense
Discount
amortization
Unamortized
discount
Book value
1/1/04 75943 924064
12/31/04 60005 83176 23177 52778 947239
12/31/05 6000 8525 2525 2752 97248
12/31/06 6000 8752 2752 0 100000
1/1/04 Debit Credit
Equipment 92406
Discount on notes payable 7594
Notes payable 100000
12/31/04 Debit Credit
Interest expense 8317
Discount on notes payable 2317
Cash 6000
12/31/06 Debit Credit
Notes payable 100000
Interest expense 8752
Discount on notes payable 2752
Cash 10600
3、同理解释:长期应收票据(Long-‐term
Notes
Receivable)
原理与上述相同,债务人发出的 Notes
Payable就是债券人的 Notes
Receivable,
盈亏关系正好相反,溢价与折价用于增加或冲减利息收入(Interest
Revenue)。
3 100000-92406= 7594
4 PV of Note = 92406
5 $100,000, 3-year, 6% notes
6 Book value*9%
7 Interest expense- Interest payment
8 Unamortized discount last year- Discount amortization this year
9 100000- Discount amortization this year