高级语法 不定式1

高级语法不定式1 不定式的作用,作各种成分 作主语 1.To err is human; to forgive, divine. 犯错人皆难免,宽恕则属超凡。 2.To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic. 因为被爱而爱,是人之常情;因为爱而爱,则难能可贵(超凡脱俗)。 It is 结构 Bush’s remark s: Education is the best anti-crime program. It is important to enforce law. It is important to hold people accountable for their actions. It is important to have consistent policy that says, if you harm somebody, there will be a punishment for that harm. But in the best interests for my country, the long-term solution is to make sure the education system works for everybody. And when that happens, there will be a more hopeful future for people, and there will be less poverty, less hopelessness, and less crime. 小布什的言论:教育是遏制犯罪的最佳方法。它对于加强法制十分重要,对于敦促人们为自己的行为负责十分重要,对于制定稳定持续的政策十分重要,这也就是说伤人者必受惩罚。但是为我国的最大利益着想,一个长期的解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 是要确认教育体系为所有人服务,若果真如此,人们的未来将会更有希望,贫穷、失望以及犯罪将会更少。 It is easy for the growing number of “china watchers” through the world, enthralled by the rapid emergence of a front-ranking economic power setting new development records with each passing year, to overlook the fact that the past half-century has been an unusual difficult time in which to perform such feats. 有越来越多的来自世界各地的“中国观察家们”,因为看到中国快速地成为了经济强国,其经济发展排名一直靠前,并且每年都在经济发展的领域创造新纪录,他们为此感到着迷,所以他们很容易忽略这样一个事实:在过去的半个世纪里能够取得如此巨大的成就是非常不容易的。 This is impossible for people to stare directly at the sun.* 人们不可能直视太阳。This 改为It 其他结构 It takes time and effort to master English. 要掌握英语得花费时间,付出努力。 It is my duty to help you with English. 帮你学英语是我的责任。 思维差异比较 It is impossible for us to master English in a short time. You are against the regulation to park your car here.* It is against the regulation for you to park your car here. 做宾语 结构一。动词+ to do Why should anyone bother ----- his treasure to help a stranger? a. risking to lose. B. to risk losing c. risking losing d. to risk to lose 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 B 为什么竟然会有人冒着失去自己财产的风险而去帮助一个陌生人呢? 英语中常需要接不定式作宾语的动词有,afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,consent,dare,decide,deter mine,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect, offer,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,regret,remember,seem,start,swear,trouble,try, want,wish等。 结构二。动词+疑问词+ to do I don’t know whether to answer his letter. 我不知道是否要给他回信。 Wherever you are in your life, your habits determine 95% of your thoughts, feelings and actions. This book shows you how to develop the lifelong habits for great success. 无论你身处人生的何种阶段,你的日常习惯决定了你的思想、感情和行为的95%。这本 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 将向你展示的是,你该如何培养良好的终生习惯以取得人生的成功。 1 Every aspect of our life is determined by our habits, including relationships with those we love. This book teaches you how to acquire new habits that can help improve your relationships automatically. 我们生活的方方面面,包括与那些我们所爱的人之间的关系,都是由我们的习惯决定的。这本书将教会你如何培养新的好习惯,以此来自动改善你们之间的关系! 结构三 动词+it+宾语补足语+to do He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor. 他认为担任市场总监很具有挑战性。 Every reader finds himself. The writer’s work is merely a kind of optical instrument that makes it possible for the reader to discern what, without this book, he would perhaps never have seen in himself. 作者的工作只是起着一种类似光学仪器的作用,如果没有这本书作这样的仪器,读者可能就不会发现自己从未觉察到的一面,而这本书使之成为可能。 There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter what he does. 这座城市里有一百多所夜校,因此对于那些在职人员来说,不论他们从事的是什么行业,都有可能接受继续教育。 Using many symbols makes -----to put a large amount of information on a single map. a. possible b. it is possible c. it possible d. that possible 答案 C 通过使用多种不同的符号,才有可能在一张地图上给出大量的信息。 the computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency. 计算机使得人类的工作效率有了极大的飞跃。 The development of steel nibs makes it possible to develop pens. The development of steel nibs makes possible the development of pens. The development of steel nibs makes it possible that people can develop pens. 钢制笔尖的发展使钢笔得到了发展。 Many people consider impossible what really is possible. 很多人把完全有可能的事情认为是不可能发生的。 The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question. However, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. 然而,这个专家委员会在一个关键性的问题上仍未达成一致意见,那就是是否建议立法,将私人资金用于克隆人视为犯罪行为。 做宾语补足语 There is still good availability of some of the hottest toys this Christmas, but we still advise parents and shoppers to get to stores as early as possible next week. 这个圣诞节期间一些热门玩具仍货源充足,但我们还是建议家长和购物者下周尽早去商店购买。 Allow me to drink to your success! 让我为你的成功干杯! The chairman declared the meeting to be over. 主席宣布会议结束。 Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. 我们的胆怯心理往往会使我们犹豫不决、行动迟缓,等到我们确信一切安全后方才采取行动。 In hot, dry regions, the sun’s heat causes the outer layer of rocks------,process called exfoliation. a.are expanded and peeled away b. to expand and peel away c. expanding and peeling away d. they expand and peel away. 答案 B 在炎热、干旱的地区,太阳的热使得岩石外 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面膨胀、剥落,这个过程叫做脱落。 不定式的作用作定语(名词+to do) He is the best man to choose. 主谓关系:由他来作出选择是最好的。 动宾关系:他是最佳的人选。 宾语关系 I have a letter to write. I need a pen to write.* with I need some paper to write.* on 作不定式中的动词的宾语 We had a long journey to make before nightfall. 在天黑前,我们还有很长的路要赶。 I gave the kid a comic to read. 我给这孩子一本连环画看。 作不定式中的介词的宾语 She has four children to take care of. I had no place to live in. They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this world---someone to love ,something to do, something to hope for. 人们常说,一个人若有了三样东西,他就会真正感到幸福:有人爱,有事做,有希望。you just regard me as a thing, an object to look at, to use, to touch, but not to listen to or to take seriously. 你只是把我当作一件东西,一件任你看、任你用、任你抚摸的东西,但就是不听我的话,不认真对待我。 Why don’t you get a backpack to carry your books in? 你为什么不买一个双肩背包来装你的书呢? If I were abro ad, I’d travel around the country as much as I could and try to find as many people as possible, not only to practice the language on but to have discussions with, and I’d hope to make some real friends. 我要是出国,会尽量广泛地周游这个国家,设法尽可能多地结识一些人,不仅以他们柞为语言实践的对象,而且要和他们讨论问题。我希望结识一些真正的朋友。 I have no language partner to practice speaking English* with. 主语关系 The man to help us is Mr.Johnson. 能够帮你的人就是约翰逊先生。 The next train to arrive is from New York. 下一列到达的火车是从纽约开来的。 Clint was the only person to survive the air crash. 克林特是这次空难事故中唯一的幸存者。 同位语关系 The need to love and to be loved seems universal. Maybe this is one trait that separates human beings from other animals. 爱与被爱的需要似乎是人类普遍的特性,或许正是这一特性把人和动物区分开了。 He refused to co-operate with us. 他拒绝与我们合作。 His refusal to co-operate makes us angry. 他拒绝与我们合作,这让我们很生气。 I don’t wish to change. I have no wish to change. 我不愿意改变。 1.agreement, attempt , decision , determination, failure, hope, need , plan promise, wish. All this increased my determination to learn English well. There is no need to worry at all. 2.ability, patience , eagerness, ambition , reluctance等 I don’t doubt your ability to do the work. I think he has the patience to keep silence so long. She was reluctant to accept his invitation. 她很不愿意接受他的邀请。 Her reluctance to accept his invitation upset him.- 她很不愿意接受他的邀请,这使他很心烦。 They were eager to help me. 他们非常热心地帮助我。 Their eagerness to help pleased me. 他们的热心帮助真让我高兴。 In order to grow, to travel new roads , people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept t he possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. 为了成长,为了踏上新的人生征途,人们需要勇于承担风险,面对未知以及接受可能的出师不利导致的失败。在尝试新事物时我们如何看待自己,这对我们成长能力的培养至关重要。 A decision ----- stock by one or a few of these large companies may have a very important effect on the market as a whole. a. buying or to sell b. to buy or selling c. buying or selling d. to buy or sell 答案 D 一两家大公司若是决定在市场上买进或卖出股票,都可能会对整个股票市场造成很大的影响。 According to Darwin, rando m changes that enhance a species’ ability for surviving are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generations.* 根据达尔文的遗传学理论,某一物种的某些改变若是能够提高该物种的生存能力,那么这种改变自然就会被选择保存下来,并传给下一代。 状语关系 Role playing is a safe and enjoyable way to learn English. 角色扮演是一个安全并且自得其乐的英语学习方式。 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world ,new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. 基本上有两种方式来看待成长:一种是把成长看成是一个结果,另一种是把成长看作是一个过程。在这个成长的过程中,人生的旅程永远没有尽头,因为总会不断经历新世界,尝试新观念,接受新挑战。 The time to go is July. 应该在7月份去。 不定式的作用形容词+to do Is my wish to become a scientist possible ---? Yes, your wish is sure __ a. to realize, to realize b. to be realized , to be realized c. to realize , to be realized d. to be realized , to realiz e. A:我想成为科学家这个愿望能够实现吗?B:当然能,你的愿望一定能实现。 He is easy to fool. He is afraid to be fooled. l)他很容易被骗。2)他很害怕被骗。 He is easy to please. He is eager to please. 他很容易被取悦。他很喜欢取悦别人。 He is interesting to listen to. 听他讲话很有意思。 宾语关系(一) he is interesting to listen to He is interesting to listen to. He is easy to fool. He is difficult to understand. 他讲话的意思很难理解。 She is very nice to talk to. 和她聊天很开心。 Mary is easy to get on with. 玛丽很容易相处。 Bob is hard to convince. 鲍勃很难被说服。 Bill is fun to be with; he has a great sense of adventure. 和比尔待在一起很刺激,因为他非常有冒险精神。 English is difficult to speak. 说好英文不容易。 Relativity theory isn’t easy to understand. 相对论不好理解。 The instructions were hard to follow. 这指示很难遵从。 宾语关系(二)the book is interesting to buy. 这本书很有趣,可以买下来。 The food is ready to eat. 食物做熟了,可以吃了。 The water is warm to swim in. 这水很温暖,可以在里面游泳。 The dorm is too noisy to study in. 宿舍里太吵,无法在里面学习。 The money is enough for you to buy books with. 这些钱够你买书用了。 主语关系(一)he is kind to help us. 他真好,来帮我们。 You are foolish to spend so much. 你真愚蠢,花了这么多钱。 Scott is very generous to be always inviting us out for meals. 斯科特为人真是慷慨大方,总是请我们出去吃饭。 The boy was careless to break the window.这个男孩不小心把窗子打破了。 He was wrong to tell lies.他当时撒谎了,这是他的不对。 Donna is clumsy to dance. While I was dancing with her,she stepped on my feet three times! 多娜跳舞真笨。那次我和她跳的时候,她踩了我三次! He is inconsiderate not to write a thank-note to his host. 他真是考虑不周,作为客人他没有给主人写封感谢信。 主语关系(二)he is glad to help us. 他很高兴帮我们。 She is anxious to win the competition. 她迫切地想赢得这个比赛。 She is anxious for her daughter to win the competition. 她非常渴望她女儿能赢得这个比赛。He is kind to help us.He is glad to help us. I am sorry to hear that. 听说此事我很遗憾。 He is afraid to be fooled. 他很害怕被骗。 Jenny isn’t desperate to get married. She is quit e happy being single. 珍妮并不急着结婚,她对自己的单身生活感到很开心。 He was most reluctant to lend us the money.他很不情愿地把钱借给我们。 In Shanghai, East meets West. Back in the 1840s, China was reluctant to open its doors to foreigners. While foreigners were not very welcome years ago, Shanghai is today eager to invite foreign investment. 在上海,东西文化交汇。早在19世纪40年代,中国就被迫向外国人打开了自己的大门。尽管很多年以前老外并不怎么受欢迎,但现如今上海渴望吸引外来投资。 He is easy to please. 别人取悦他很容易。他很容易就被逗开心了。 He is eager to please. 他热切地想取悦别人。/他很喜欢逗别人开心。 He is easy to fool. He is afraid to be fooled. 主语关系(三)he is slow to react. 他反应很慢。 He was slow to realize that times had changed. 他慢慢地才认识到时代不同了。 不定式的作用作状语 目的状语 I’d climb the highest mountain , just to see you smile.I’d swim the ocean, just to hold your hand. I’d run a million miles, just to be with you forever. 我愿意翻越最高的山脉,就是为了目睹你的微笑;我愿意横渡海洋,就是为了与你牵手;我愿意跨越万里,只是为了与你永远共度此生。 To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom , one must observe. 要想获得知识,就必须学习;但要想获得智慧,就必须学会观察。 I quote others in order better to express my own self. 我引用别人的话,是为了更好地表达自己。 We’d better start early, in order not to miss the train. We’d better start early, not to miss the train.*(此句为病句) We’d better start early, so as not to miss the train. 结果状语Only to do We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left. 我们匆匆忙忙赶到火车站,结果却发现火车刚刚出站。 All too often , women complain that they are educated as equals, only to go out into the workforce to be treated as inferiors. 女人往往抱怨说,她们和男人接受同样的教育,结果在职场上却被认为低人一等。 He worked very hard, ---- he had not finished half of the job. a. to find b. finding c. just finding d. only to find答案。D. 他工作非常卖力,可却发现他连一半都没有完成。 so…..as to do such as to her story is so sad as to arouse our sympathy. 她的经历如此悲惨,以至于引起了我们的同情。He is so indifferent as to make everyone despair. 他是如此的无动于衷,让大家都很绝望。 Her story is such as to arouse our sympathy. 她的经历如此悲惨,以至于引起了我们的同情。She had such a good friend as to help her when she was in trouble.. 当她身处困境时,有这么好的一个朋友帮了她。 too… to do the tea is too hot to drink . 这茶太烫,喝不了。 you are too ready to find faults with other people. 你也太爱找别人的茬/挑刺了。 I am just too eager to help you. 我非常乐意帮助你。 He would be only too glad to be her boyfriend, but he knew he couldn’t match her in family status. 他何尝不想成为她的男朋友,但他知道自己的门第配不上她。 We are never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 He is too smart not to see your point. 他很聪明,不会不明白你的意思。 条件状语 The father will be proud for his son to win the gold medal. 如果他儿子能夺得金牌,这位父亲将非常自豪。 One must be out of his mind to do such a thing. 如果有人真的做出这种事来,那他一定是脑子有问题。 I would have been happy to be invited to the party. 当时如果有人邀请我参加那个聚会,我当然会非常高兴(但实际上没有人邀请我)。 原因状语 They laughed to see the clown. 看到那小丑他们都大笑起来。 I was delighted to meet him. 见到他我很高兴。 He is happy for his daughter to marry a wealthy man. 因为他女儿嫁给了一个有钱人,他为此感到很高兴。 独立使用的不定式 To begin with, to tell the truth, to make a long story short, so to speak, to be brief, to be exact, to be frank, to be honest,to say nothing of, to say the least. To begin with, on behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality. 首先,我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢,感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待。You are in pretty lousy mood ,huh? To say the least. A:你的心情糟透了吧?B:何止是啊。 I have a point there, to say the least. 至少可以这么讲,我说的是有道理的。 To make a long story short ,he is in hospital now. 一句话,他现在医院里。 不定式引导独立的句子 To think she wanted to walk all the way to the park.你想想看,她竟然想大老远地走到公园去。 To imagine even for a minute that I would do a thing like that on purpose. 你想想看,我能故意做出那种事来吗? 不定式的时态和语态被动式(to be done)被动不定式 He wants someone to take some photographs. He wants some photographs to be taken. 他想找人拍几张照片。 I have three letters to type today.我今天要打印三封信。 I want the letters to be typed at once.我想找人立即把这些信打印出来 I have a lot of clothes to wash.我有很多衣服要洗(自己洗)。 I have a lot of clothes to be washed.我有很多衣服要洗(找别人洗)。 No one hoped to be laughed at like that.谁也不会希望自己被那样嘲笑。 He was afraid to be fooled.他很害怕被骗。 双重被动式 You are not allowed to smoke here.不允许在这里抽烟。 The book is not allowed to be taken out of the library.这本书不允许带出图书馆。 The book is said to have been published.据说这本书已经出版了。 The construction is reported to have been completed.据报道,建筑工程已经竣工。 不定式的时态和语态完成式(to have done) I am sorry to bother you, but can you please send me Nancy’s phone number? 抱歉打扰一下,你能把南希的手机号码发给我吗? I am sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion. 很抱歉,在这个时候还问了你这么多问题来打扰你。 态度情感类谓语 We are happy to visit so many historic places in Beijing. 将要参观那么多北京的名胜古迹,我们感到很高兴。 We are happy to have visited so many historic places in Beijing. 在北京参观了那么多的名胜古迹,我们感到很高兴。 God gave me the best husband ever, I am incredibly blessed to have met him. 上帝赐予了我最好的丈夫,能在茫茫人海中遇到他,我真是幸福至极。 观点类谓语Say , believe, think Taking afternoon tea is a unique custom which is said to have started in the early 19th century. 喝下午茶是一个非常独特的风俗,据说起源于19世纪。 Humans are believed to have evolved from primate species. 人们相信,人类是由灵长类动物进化来的。 The Bunsen burner is so named because it is thought to ----by Robert Bunsen,who was German by birth. a. be invented b .have been invented c. have invented d. invent B。本生灯之所以如此命名,是因为据信它是由出生于德国的科学家罗伯特·本生发明的。Albert Einstein, the great American scientist, is estimated to have had the incredible intelligence quotient of 200.据估计,爱因斯坦的智商高达200,这真让人难以置信。 Mr Yang is estimated to have the incredible intelligence quotient of 200. 据估计,杨老师的智商高达200,这真让人难以置信。 推断类谓语 It seems to have rained last night.昨晚似乎下雨了。 It seems to rain any time soon.似乎很快要下雨了。 The redwood appears -----some 100 years ago in northern forests around the world. a. having to flourish b.to flourish c. to have flourished d. have flourished 正确答案C。红杉出现于大约100年前,分布在世界各地北方的森林里。 表示非真实的过去 Mean, intend, think, plan, hope,wish,propose I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot.我本来打算打电话的,但是我忘记了。 I planned to have visited you yesterday evening,but I was too busy. 我本来想昨晚去看你,但我太忙了。 I had intended to see you, but I was husy. I had intended to have seen you, but I was busy.* 偶尔表示将来的动作 She hopes to have finished the work by the time he comes back. 她希望在他回来之前把这些工作都做完。 She hopes that she will have finished the work by the time he comes back. 不定式的时态和语态进行式(to be doing)一般不用被动式 He pretended to be listening attentively when the teacher came by. 当老师走过时,他假装正在专心听讲的样子。 不定式的时态和语态完成进行式(to have been doing) 一般不用被动式 They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.据说他们一直在云南收集民歌。 He seems to have been sitting there all day. 他似乎整天都坐在那里。 省去to的不定式 1.在某些动词的复合宾语中make let have see hear 等 2.在特定句型结构中短语结构 had better, would rather ,might as well, cannot but I cannot but admire his courage.我不得不敬佩他的勇气。 We might as well put up here for night.今晚我们不妨就在这里过夜。 在more than, rather than, other than , than 后面加不带to 的不定式 Teachers do much more than impart knowledge. They are forces in young lives. 老师不只是授业解惑,他们还是年轻生命的力量源泉。 Rather than wait anymore, I decided to go home by taxi.我决定打车回家,而不想再等下去了。No one could do other than admire it.大家都很推崇它。 I have nothing to do but wait. I have no choice but to wait.我没办法,只好等。 He will do anything but give in.他决不会屈服。 He needs nothing but to succeed.他要的只是成功。 We can’t make everyone love us.All we can do is let ourselves be loved. 虽然我们无法做到让所有人都爱我们,但我们要能做到让自己有人爱。