图表作文的命题目的并不是简单考查考生描述图表表面内容的水平[资料]

图表作文的命题目的并不是简单考查考生描述图表表面内容的水平[资料] 图表作文的命题目的并不是简单考查考生描述图表表面内容的水平，而更着重于测试考生分析问题，即对图表深层含义领会挖掘的能力以及阐述能力。 审题时增加了读图的步骤。 文章中要考虑关键数据的引用.即体现趋势或者变化的重要数据，而绝对不能毫无目的地大量照搬堆砌. 两种形式:一种是统计表(table)，另外一种是统计图(graph), 如:曲线图(line graph)、柱形图(bar graph)和饼图(pie graph)等。 Table 统计表 Line chart 曲线图 Bar chart 柱状图 Pie chart 饼图 图表作文的体裁以说明文和描写文为主。 写作模式: 第一段:描写数据的主要变化趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表表面所呈现的主要特征。 第二段:分析揭示表象后面的原因。 第三段:下结论。 举例 Rising Divorce Rates in China 1、描述图表所反映的问题 2、你认为最近几年中国离婚率高的原因是什么 布局谋篇 1、结合题目及提纲， 可判定这是一篇图表作文，是一个柱状图表;体裁是说明文，文章主题是最近几年中国离婚率的情况。 2、依据提纲内容，转换成相应的三段式结构模式: 第一段 概述图表内容，尤其是突出的数据变化。 第二段 分析这些变化产生的原因。 第三段 指出最近几年中国离婚率高反映了社会什么问题。 范文 1) As is clearly shown in the chart, China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate between 1967 and 2007. 2) Especially, during the last decade, the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years. (描述突出的数据变化) 3) There are three reasons for it. 4) To begin with, legal changes have simplified procedures, removed barriers to divorce. 5)In addition, there has been a significant change in social attitude towards the divorced people.6) For example, the divorce is no longer considered a social stigma.7) Last but not the least, the change in personal economic activities also facilities divorce. 8) In short, the upward trend in divorce seems to be a mirror of some important changes in Chinese society. 9) As for me, the statistics reflect the change in people’s view of marriage and family life. 10) On the one hand, divorce is no longer an embarrassing topic in china. 11) On the other hand, it’s people’s right to choose divorce if there is an emotional breakdown in their marriages. 12) In brief, divorce is an appropriate way to solve some problems in marriage and family life for some couples. 模板 1 1) As is clearly shown in the chart,______ between ______and _____. 2) Especially, ____. 3)There are three reasons for ___. 4)To begin with,_____. 5) In addition, ____. 6) For example,_____. 7) Last but not the least, ______. 8) In short, ______ 9) As for me,______. 10) On the one hand, _____. 11) On the other hand,_____. 12)In brief,______. 模板2 范文 第一段:说明图表 开篇句:As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997. 扩展句: 1. As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line. 2. Then seven years later, the number became three fifths that of 1978. 3. And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions. 第二段:解释图表变化原因 ,主题句:Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population. 扩展句: 1. The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. (原因 1) 2. With the development of Chinese economy, that policy also improved city dwellers' lives greatly.(原因2) 3. Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the country's economy as a whole to take off. (原因3) 4. All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line. 第三段:提出解决办法 结尾句: However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems. 扩展句: 1. With quite few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. 2. So my principle is to pay due attention to the "newcomers", but not just to care for the poor, say , in remote mountain areas. 模板 2 ,第一段:说明图表 开篇句:As the bar chart shows, __decrease/increase__ during the years of__ to __ 扩展句: 1、As early as _____. 2、Then _____ years later, ___. 3、And arriving in the year _, __. 第二段:解释图表变化原因 主题句:Several factors contribute to _____. 扩展句: 1、______. (原因1) 2、______. (原因2) 3、Furthermore, ______ (原因3) 4、All these result in ____. 第三段:提出解决办法 结尾句: However, ____ is faced with some problems. 扩展句: 1. With _____, ____, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. 2. So my principle is to pay due attention to __, but not just to __. 模板 3 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 作业: Student Use of Computer 1、 上图所示为1995年，2000年，2007年某大学生使用计算机 的情况， 请描述其变化; 2、 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途，价格或社会发展等方面加以说明); 3、 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 Grading standard: 评分 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 -5 points for one grammar mistake -5 points for one sentence that has nothing to do with the topic of a paragraph/ composition Length and complexity of sentences 句子长度 复杂度 Whether argument is adequate 论证是否充分 图表类作文必备句式 •如图所示… •As is shown in the graph… •图表显示… •The graph shows that… •从表格中可以看出… •As can be seen from the table, … •从这张表中,我们可知… •From the chart, we know that… •所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即… •All these data clearly prove the fact that •这个城市的….增长已达到20%. •The increase of …. in the city has reached to 20%. •1985年,这个数字保持不变. •In 1985, the number remained the same. •1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况. •There was a gradual decline in 1989. 上升增长 •与…相比大约增加了… •In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January. •一跃达到/ 猛增到… •The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979. •有了增长 •Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline. 下降，减少 •减少到… •The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979 •有了减少 •Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. •修饰上升/减少的副词有: •rapidly slowly dramatically respectively •表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有: •the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10% 起伏 •起伏不定 •The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967. •有起有伏 •Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面). 稳定 •保持稳定，几乎不变 •The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967. 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型: •The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening. •The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in … •成正比，反比 •Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio. 占百分之几，几分之几 •1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之… •Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population. •Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%. •2(…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4 •Female illustrations form less than a fourth of the total. •3(…account for…percent 占百分之几 •. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of… 倍数 •1(A be …times as much/many as B •The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan. •2(A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍 •The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year. •The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items. 开头部分: Many people insist that... 很多人坚持认为…… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…… A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为…… 引出不同观点: People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为…… People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。 Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。 There are different opinions among people as to... 关于……人们的观点大不相同。 Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。 结尾部分: Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…… Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…… Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论…… There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。 All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来 对付可能出现的新问题。 提出建议: It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。 It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。 There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。 Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是…… Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能... It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到... 预示后果: Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger. 很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。 No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that... 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会…… It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。