材料与人类文明论文（Materials and human civilization papers）

材料与人类文明论文（Materials and human civilization papers） 材料与人类文明论文(Materials and human civilization papers) Student's name College students institute of information science and engineering The student class Student student id The instructor from The main content of papers The comparison of two three big material performance Three organic non-metallic materials, organic silicon material profile Four development situation of silicone materials Five problem of the development of organic silicon materials in our country Six organic silicon material on the influence of human civilization The main content of paper After a course of study I know a lot about material knowledge such as jade, ceramic and so on and their right The concern of human civilization. Through my observation found his side there is also a indispensable material in life rubber and rubber Glue and belongs to organic nonmetallic material so I will organic nonmetallic material in organic silicon as the main object of study It is hoped that this kind of modern society can be used extensively to make further and further understanding. Two three big material performance of the world is made of matter to human useful substances or materials according to its composition and chemical properties of materials can be Into four categories: metal materials including pure metals and their alloys by metal atoms by covalent bonds between atoms and the atoms And bonding to describe bonding theory as the theory of free electron organic polymer atom C atoms as the main ingredients With by covalent bonds between atoms and bonding to describe bonding theory has valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory inorganic non-metallic materials With metallic elements or non-metallic element compounds or nonmetallic elements elemental RMB group through the ionic bond and between with atoms Covalent bonds and bond to describe bonding theory of electrostatic attraction, valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory composites Belong to non-metallic base base resin base to hybrid key physical and combining key may exist. Metal biomaterials inorganic non-metallic biological materials Biological compatibility medium well Low chemical stability Heat resistance is good The thermal expansion coefficient is medium and small The heat conduction coefficient is very low The hardness is medium and low The compression coefficient is medium and small The stretch coefficient is medium It is easy to be formable Three organic non-metallic materials - profile definition of of organic silicon material Silicone rubber, silicone oil and secondary processed products, silicon resin and silane coupling agent are divided into four categories. Due to the organic silicon products have electric insulation, radiation resistant flame retardant, corrosion resistance, high and low temperature resistance, variety of morphology and physiological inertia Good qualities such as is known as "industrial monosodium glutamate" are widely used in electrical products, building materials, textile, light industry, medical treatment, Machinery, transportation, plastic rubber industries and go deep into the various fields of people's life, become outstanding chemical new material is just its development. Annual production capacity of more than 1.2 million tons of the world about 5000 varieties of products - more than 10000 kinds of total market sales of about $7 billion. 2 silicone main products and applications At present, a lot of organic silicon products is various varieties of brand into more commonly used there are more than 4000 kinds of can be roughly divided into raw materials, Intermediates and products and products of three categories Organic silicon monomer refers to synthetic organic silicon polymer such as organochlorine silane monomer as chlorine methyl chlorosilane, phenyl silicone Alkanes, vinyl chlorosilane and other raw materials. Silicone intermediate refers to the linear or circular siloxane oligomers as six methyl two siloxane , 8 MM Methyl siloxane four D4 , dimethyl siloxane DMC mixture, etc. Organic silicon products and products by intermediates via polymerization reaction and add all kinds of organic inorganic filler or modified additives Silicon products. Mainly include silicone rubber high temperature vulcanization silicone rubber and RTV silicone rubber , silicone oil and secondary processed products, silicon resin And silane coupling agent four major categories. Silicone rubber by moulding and extrusion vulcanization molding process made conductive keys, seals, Ultimate direct supplies such as swimming caps. 3 concrete classification 1 , organic silicon monomer 2 , organic silicon intermediates 3 and silicone rubber Type A hot vulcanization silicone rubber RTV Mainly used as silicone rubber and other rubber can be processed into all kinds of profiles, rubber hoses, gaskets, rubber roller, tape, etc Product of for other rubber is invalid. In addition silicone rubber biocompatibility is a kind of key features. Type B room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber LTV 'S and the addition type silicon rubber LSR Main application change through appropriate fillers, additives and the structure of the polymer and select a variety of cross-linking, Catalytic systems can made the performance of many different varieties. Due to the room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber using simple and can be prepared Meet the technical requirements for all aspects of various varieties of contributed to its production and use currently growing foreign sales of room temperature vulcanized silicone There are more than 300 rubber plates. Can say without exaggeration in each industry has its place. Table 1 room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber application list The special owner of the application department should use fan wai Construction industry ageing resistance coloring, adhesive sex Replace the asphalt used as highway joint sealant embedded in high-rise buildings Plate, curtain wall and inner wall joint sealing around the kitchen ceramic tile gap to fill And the bathtub, the water bucket, the urinal around the seal, etc. Excellent dielectric, waiting and waiting for electronic industry Adhesion may at any time of emergency It is widely used for encapsulation, perfusion, adhesion, impregnation and coating. Aviation and space Aerospace industry Flammable, corrosion resistant, radii shoot For use in spacecraft window, vacuum pump system and the electronic equipment sealed burn coating sealing of the oil resistant. Automobile industry fatigue resistance, adhesion, used for the forming of sealing washer automobile gear wind glass, door frame, The anti-lamp, exhaust pipe and the adhesion seal of the water spray equipment. Health liquid silicone rubber, physiological inert contact lenses and artificial cornea dental impression material anti noise ear plugs, etc. Other aspects of adhesion, the simulation of ancient cultural relics copy dies seal on conventional weapons. 4 , silicone oil, A classification of silicone silicone oil is A kind of with different viscosity non-toxic, odorless, no corrosion is not easy to burn Polysiloxane liquid oil. Of methyl silicone oil is the most main varieties of silicone oil polymerization by changing the polysiloxane Degree and type of organic base or make polysiloxane with other organic copolymerization can produce a waterproof, anti sticking, demoulding, disappear The basic characteristic of the silicone oil. Silicone oil varieties of many can be roughly divided into two types: linear silicone oil and modified silicone oil. B silicone oil products have many special properties and application of silicone as temperature coefficient, high and low temperature resistance, anti-oxidation, High flash point, low volatility, good insulation, small surface tension, no corrosion of metal, no toxicity, etc. Because of these characteristics of silicone oil with application in many ways and has a good effect. Among various kinds of silicone oil with methyl silicone oil applied most widely is silicone oil The most important varieties followed by methyl phenyl silicone oil. Various functional silicone oil and modified silicone oil are mainly used for special purposes. The main application of silicone oil in table 2 Should be used department Using the feature The Lord should use fan wai machinery industrial High temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and shear resistance Cut the sex Used for transmission of lubricating oil shockproof, damping vacuum oil diffusion pump oil. Electrical apparatus industrial Dielectric, heat resistance and hydrophobicity Used in transformer, capacitor, transistor, etc. Heat resistant, moisture-proof and filling. The study industrial Low surface tension and good chemical stability It is used for chemical production such as fermentation, papermaking and fabric dyeing The bubbles in the process. Medicine is nontoxic, hydrophobic, surface active Medical defoaming agent, ointment and base agent for the protection of fat, medicinal Additives, surgical appliance sterilization fuel artificial eye Slip agent. Like a industrial Resistance to adhesion and weathering Used for coating, rubber, plastic additives and internal mold Agent. Like a industrial Corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity Glassware, ceramics, paper, leather, metal, Surface treatment of goods such as fabrics Decomposition of silicone oil in the natural environment are not like most organic compounds due to the invasive of bacteria is, so to speak Because the sand in the soil of catalytic broken down into simpler molecules. Breakdown products for cyclic organic silicon molecular evaporation to empty In gas further decomposed into natural products - water CO2 and silicon dioxide and water content. Organic silicon compounds left in the soil In the water soluble under ultraviolet light in sunlight further decomposed into and silicate silicic acid is a naturally occurring in the sea Compound therefore do not need to worry about the accumulation of a lot of, use for a long time after the silicone oil and residue. 5 , silicon resin Table 3: application of silicone products Products should be in fan wai Insulating varnish Used for electrical equipment coil impregnating varnish adhesive mica with varnish used in glass, glass Cloth and asbestos cloth impregnated with insulating paint. coating Anticorrosion coating for heat resistance, weather resistance, scratch resistance of transparent coating, demoulding and moistureproof paint irradiation resistance Coatings. Bonding agent Metal and heat resistance of non-metallic materials of dope heat-resistant rubber or rubber and metal bonding agent Adiabatic insulation material and steel or titanium alloy bonding agent and pressure-sensitive adhesive. Silicone plastics Used as structure materials, semiconductor packaging molded plastic and glass cloth laminated plastic hair Bubble - made plastic foam. 6 , silane coupling agent The application of silane coupling agent silane coupling agent as the earliest development of glass fiber reinforced plastic fiberglass treatment agent . Because of the silane coupling agent to improve the adhesion between glass fiber and resin significantly improved the mechanical properties of the reinforced plastic. With the rapid development of composite material silane coupling agent in the development of varieties or production quickly. use in recent years Silane coupling agent for some material to introduce specific functional groups can improve the surface properties of materials for anti-static, mouldproof, , mothproof, coagulation and physiological inert become the beginning of the new application of silane coupling agent. It is because of many important applications Develop silane coupling agent as an important branch of organic silicon. Table 4: main applications of silane coupling agents The field should be used for effect Treatment of glass fiber reinforced materials can effectively improve the performance of wet mechanical properties and stable electrical properties of composites. Processing mineral powder filler Improve the mechanical strength of the composite material improve processing performance wettability of reinforcing filler And dispersion. tackifier Used as an adhesive and sealant for epoxy, polyurethane, chloroprene and other adhesives The dry state adhesive for glass or metal substrate is improved greatly, and the wet bonding is improved Rate. Rubber processing Improve the dispersion of inorganic filler in rubber rubber physical and electrical properties Comprehensive machining process performance. Other aspects of processing glass surface prevent aircraft, car's windshield surface icing phenomenon. Four domestic development status of organic silicon production 4.1 The development of silicone products in China began in the mid - 1950 - s of shenyang chemical industry research institute in the 1960 s Start industrializing. in the 1980 s in our country there are a lot of organic silicon monomer factory but most of the small scale, High cost and backward technology. In the 1990 s bluestar xinghuo chemical plant in China to set up the annual output of ten thousand tons Level of production equipment. By the end of 2007 the national production of organic silicon monomer total capacity in the synthesis of methyl chlorosilane ability Has reached 525000 t a. Our main organic silicon monomer production enterprises and production capacity see table. In October 2006, bluestar group corp announced acquisition of companies France rhodia thus of organic silicon business projects The group at home and abroad of methyl chlorosilane production capacity increased by 220000 t t a 420000 a among the international organic silicon The single production of large companies. With the increase of the expansion of production capacity and market demand for several years of increased the domestic production of organic silicon monomer in 2007 Production is about 300000 t around table 9 is in recent years, domestic production of organic silicon monomer. Organic silicon monomer synthesis fluidized bed device to the current domestic production scale is 50000 t a. dimethyl dichlorosilane selectivity Can be stable for a long time in more than 80% production technical level has improved significantly and solid base close to the foreign advanced level Now the long term operation has had the ability to compete with foreign products. So products in the domestic market at the same time has come in into the international market in 2006 and 2007, exports more than 60000 t for two consecutive years. With the continuous development of application market China has now become the world's big consumers of organic silicon monomer but at home for a long time Production cannot meet demand. According to the recent domestic production of organic silicon monomer time of development of organic silicon monomer big in our country can completely with the domestic development of production technology mature construction of large-scale production of organic silicon monomer unit. the domestic in the past two years Investment boom started the organic silicon monomer hesheng in chekiang, shandong dongyue device such as a company has been built outside there is still a new and expanding The construction project is in operation. Moreover in China as the world's most development potential of organic silicon monomer consumer also attract foreign Manufacturers directly involved in the production of organic silicon monomer the German wacker corporation and the national road corning company with joint investment Machine company has silicon monomer was started in 2006 in zhangjiagang plan total production scale of 400000 t is expected to the first phase of a Production will begin in 2008. According to the statistical data has been completed and is being put into practice in construction project is expected in 2010 China's organic silicon monomer with methyl chloride silicon Alkanes total synthesis ability meter will be more than 1.5 million t a 's as the world's biggest producer of organic silicon monomer. In 2010, China has The ability of the silicon monomer to predict the table. According to the current domestic production of organic silicon monomer level according to the selective 82% of 2 methyl chlorosilane hydrolysis and cracking The overall yield was 97% meter in 2010, domestic supply of polysiloxane for 650000 t or dimethyl dichlorosilane. 1.3 million T . 4.2 consumption As the construction industry, electronic electrical appliance industry, daily chemical and textile industry and other industrial development silicone products in China The cost has been growing fast. between 2000 and 2007 domestic consumption of organic silicon monomer average annual growth of more than 26%. 2006 years due to the implementation of anti-dumping policy domestic organic silicon low-end market shrunk such as silicone oil defoaming agent, release agent And so on. Compared with 2005 2006 national organic silicon monomer consumption increases slightly is about 520000 t. in 2007 with the The domestic capacity release and prices organic silicon monomer consumption has soared. The supply and demand of organic silicon monomer in recent years are shown in table. Visible from the table silicone products in China the average annual growth rate of consumption is higher than other countries and regions of the world is. The development of the global organic silicon industry is the main driving force. Because of the industrial structure and industrial level downstream is different from the developed countries and many applications also developed therefore in our country Organic silicon monomer consumption structure is different from developed countries largest silicone rubber market consumption about 75% silica in 2007 Alkanes silicone oil consumption rate is about 20% silicone resin and the other is about 5%. Compared with the developed countries the silicone market in China is still in the high speed growth expected annual growth between 2008 and 2010 at the rate of 20% in 2010 to the demand of polysiloxane is 530000 t (dimethyl dichlorosilane is 1.06 million t . consider has entered the international market to domestic organic silicon monomer and our country product compared with the developed countries has price advantage Therefore, the export volume has the possibility of increasing. If went into operation in device 2010 national basic supply and demand of organic silicon monomer Balance. According to the organic silicon monomer consumption growth of domestic situation is expected in 2015 the national demand for organic silicon monomer is about 850000 t or dimethyl dichlorosilane is 1.7 million t . Because after 2010 years in addition to the zhangjiagang project no new items Orders, production so as not to increase after 2010 production of organic silicon monomer domestic supply gap will once again. 2 silicone rubber 1 construction. in recent years, with the development of the building and home renovation and the application of new building materials domestic Silicone sealant and the dosage of the organic silicone structural adhesive at an annual rate of 20% per head development 2007 construction and interior decoration The number of silicone rubber nearly 150000 t in siloxane is the domestic largest consumer market of organic silicon material. Construction industry Pillar industry of our country is expected in 2010 will still be rapid development in the future is expected to domestic silicone building and interior decoration Silicone rubber demand will reach 230000 t in more than 350000 t in 2015. 2 electronic electrical appliance industry is silicone rubber in China and a major consumption annual consumption has reached about 75000 t. China is the world's largest electronic electrical appliances production country product marketing all over the world. Because of RMB appreciation, Product upgrading, and the influence of such factors as Labour costs electronic appliances exports decline in the growth rate of the trend. electricity Miniaturization of sub-products will reduce the amount of electronic materials. So electronic electronics industry demand growth rate of silicone rubber Degree of construction is expected in 2010 will be lower than the demand for 130000 t demand will reach 180000 t in 2015. 3 in substantial increase in the amount of automobile industry of silicone rubber the dosage of 2007 has amounted to 06000 t. According to the latest research abroad increase dosage of organic silicone materials in the field of auto parts can greatly improve the safety performance of automobile accordingly Car production and the improvement of bicycle usage will push the car industry demand for silicone rubber increase with is expected in 2010 For 10000 t 2015 consumption in our country in 20000 about 20000 t silicone rubber in siloxane about 231000 t. According to above analysis domestic silicone rubber aggregate demand in 2010 is expected to reach 370000 t will reach 55, 2015 It's about 10,000 t. 4.2.2 silicone oil 1 daily chemical industry. Daily chemical industry in our country has made considerable development internationally renowned cosmetic multinational companies Has been established in our country on this joint ventures or wholly owned factory made in basic level of daily chemical products and developed countries Ping. Although per capita consumption level is much lower than the developed countries but because of the population factor has now become a global cosmetic products in China Production and consumer power. Each year the number of silicone oil consumption cosmetic fields nearly 35000 t is mainly used to protect skin to taste and protect In the product. 2 textiles. Our country is a bigger country textile exports in the world with the quality of textile products in the international market Required to improve makes the application of silicone oil in the textile industry more and more the dosage of each year is about 10000 t. 3 defoaming agent. Organic silicon foaming agent is characterized by its excellent performance and small side effects Industry and so on. With the rapid development of China's paper industry and fermentation industry organic silicon defoamer dosage of growing. by High in the price of organic silicon monomer compared with other defoaming agent such as vegetable oil silicone oil defoaming agent, there is no price advantage Therefore by only a small amount of using but its dosage will be along with the paper making and fermentation industries for digestion ability raise and raw material costs Organic silicon monomer prices have come down to more reasonable levels. In addition food industry and pharmaceutical industry of silicone oil consumption And it's increasing. Silicone oil products in addition to the good performance of the application of its biggest advantage is non-toxic harmless therefore growing in related application field Welcome to all of you. 2007 silicone oil in total consumption of about 62000 t in our country. Expect domestic silicone oil for a long time in the future Fee will be in a state of high speed growth 2010 total domestic silicone oil demand is expected to reach 120000 t or so and high-grade The percentage of silicone oil products will be greatly improved. In 2015, it will be around 240,000 t. 4.2.3 silicone and others Compared with silicone oil and silicone rubber silicon resin consumption level in China is still very low more than 2005 domestic production is about 5000 t High - grade products depend on imports. 1 electrical insulating paint is one of the important purposes of silicone resin. Its high heat resistance, good insulation used in electrical or electronics The volume can be made smaller, lighter save metal conductive material , longer service life. Silicone resin insulating paint main The varieties have coil impregnating varnish, mica bonded insulating varnish, glass cloth asbestos cloth and other impregnated paint, low temperature drying paint, solvent-free immersion paint And so on. 2 coating is another important use of silicone resin. With silicon resin of high temperature resistant coatings not only has resistance to 500-600 ? High temperature and still have good properties such as low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and hydrophobic is widely used in petroleum chemical industry, metallurgy, power generation, etc on enterprise of high temperature equipment are also used in the engine and other need high temperature parts of anti-corrosion, anti-oxidation and occasion. 2007 consumption of about 15000 t silicone resin and other products with the improvement of China's industrial level silicone demand Quantity will be expanding expects 2010 silicone resin and other products of total demand will reach 40000 t silicon tree in 2015 The total demand for lipids and other products will be 60,000 t. Five problems in the development of organic silicon in China insufficient total 1 is heavily dependent on imports. Compared with the market demand domestic supply gap is very big. In 2007 the national Net imports of siloxane is 158000 t or organic silicon monomer is 158000 t equivalent to domestic consumption by half On. In addition some enterprises with foreign waste silicone rubber as raw material to reprocessing using mainly for the production of low grade Silicone rubber products. At present, about 60% of the organic silicon monomer is imported. 2 the technical level and international advanced level there is still a certain gap. In spite of the production capacity of organic silicon monomer in China Have a certain scale and single set of device production capacity has reached the advanced level abroad but the main technical indicators Compared with the international advanced level, there are still some gaps. For example chloride methane consumption index of the international advanced level of 0.79 t t while the domestic advanced level of 0.85 t t. Lack of 3 varieties special varieties and high-grade products mainly rely on imports. Synthesis and application of downstream silicone materials Development is still relatively backward up to more than 10000 kinds of foreign organic silicon materials and our country is only hundreds of and high-grade organic silicon Materials are mainly imported or produced by foreign-funded enterprises in China. Although our country in the aspect of methyl silicone monomer has made great progress but special organic silicon monomer, such as phenyl Production of monomers, vinyl monomer are rarely restricts the development of the downstream special organic silicon material. 4 organic silicon industry of low degree of integration of upstream and downstream anti-risk ability is poor. The world's main organic silicon monomer Producers of organic silicon monomer is more than 50% since the processing organic silicon monomer and organic silicon material production is the integration of upstream and downstream enterprise overall economic benefit of the less affected by fluctuations in the price of organic silicon monomer enterprise anti-risk ability. The organic Silicon industry under the long-term planned economy system to form the upstream and downstream fragmented special organic silicon monomer production is concentrated in the industrial structure Foundry industry downstream of the silicone rubber, silicone oil, organic silicon materials tend to belong to building materials industry and light industry organic silicon monomer production Enterprises since the processing rate is very low enterprise economic benefit is sensitive to price volatility organic silicon monomer weak ability to resist risks. Six organic silicon material on the influence of human civilization Silicone materials have been widely used in electrical, construction, textile, light industry, medical and other industries and in the automotive industry The widely used the modern development of human society has played a great role in promoting. The organic silicon material also has a profound impact on the production and life of human beings. He made it possible for people to create useful materials themselves Can its constant innovation and development such as rubber make human to greatly reduce the dependence of natural materials. It's in medicine The various functions of catheter and artificial organ etc. such as do artificial restoration of help people complete their organs on people's life The extension made a great contribution. Organic silicon material widely infiltration in human life influences human survival quality it laid the industrial economy and technology The material basis of became a symbol of national economic strength they affect world politics become safeguard national security One of the most important factors in to reduce social risk they promote new understanding of human for natural expand human survival ability and hair build exhibition space for the human world new concepts and values.