高中主谓一致知识点讲解

高中主谓一致 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 讲解 一、什么是主谓一致, 先看两个例子: I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table. There are 50 students in our class. 主谓一致即:谓语动词的数必须和主语的_____________和______一致，这就叫主谓一致。 二、主谓一致的三原则 1(语法一致原则 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如: My friends have no intention of going shopping with me. Jane and Mary look alike. 2(意义一致原则 )主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 1 如:Three months has passed since you left. 2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 如:The news was so surprising. 3(就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如: Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. Neither Mary nor I am interested in playing the piano. 三、主谓一致原则的具体应用 1(名词作主语 a.集体名词作主语 1)某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如: The police are searching for the thief. People read for pleasure during their spare time. 2)某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如: His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有:audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 [exercise] 1.The police _________ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching B.were searching for C.are searching D.was searching for 2.His family ______ all very well. His family _______ a “ five good” one. A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are 3.The audience_____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is B. are C. was D. has b.一些特殊的复数形式的名词作主语 (1)以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics，physics，mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单 数。以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类。例如: Politics is now taught in all schools. (2)形式上是复数的专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语时，谓语动词用单 数。例如: The New York Times has a wide circulation. The United Nations was founded in 1945. (3) 以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如: The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. (4)单、复数同形的名词，如:means，works，sheep，deer，series，species，Chinese， Japanese等作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如: The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. The (These)glass works are near the railway station. A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. (5) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示由两部分构成的物体名称: clothes，scissors，glasses，shoes，socks，chopsticks 以及belongings，earnings，savings，goods， thanks，leavings等名词作主语时，谓语用复 数。 The trunk was packed with clothes. The family were saved but all the belongings were lost. [exercise] 1.The clothes _______ dirty,you must have _______ washed. A.is; it B.are; it C.are; them D.is; them 2.My blue trousers ______ worn out. One pair of trousers ______ not enough. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is 3. The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries. A. is B. are C.was c.不定代词作主语 (1)all指人或可数的物时,动词用复数;all指不可数的物或抽象概念时,动词用单数.例如: All are present and all is going well. (2)不定代词one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another/anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/something/ everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. (3)none 作主语时，如果指人或可数的物，谓语动词用单数复数形式皆可;如果指不可 数的事物，谓语动词用单数。 None of the students have made mistakes this time. Jimmy has used up all the money.None is left. (4)each指代或修饰名词作主语，谓语动词用单数;作主语的同位语时,谓语动词与主语 一致。 They each have a bike. Each boy and girl wants to serve the people in the future. (5)such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。 Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man with great achievements. She wants to have a big bed and many toys.Such are her wishes. (6)neither/either of +复数名词或复数形式的代词作主语，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 Neither of us has/have received postcards this Christmas. Either of the children is/are eager to go home. [exercise] 1.The boy and the girl each ______ toys. A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own 2. Each student ____ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each ______ a dictionary. A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has d.含有修饰语的名词作主语 (1)有量词修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词取决于量词的单复数形式。例如: This pair of glasses is very expensive. The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way,but polluted the air. (2)a group of或a couple of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语一般用复数形式。 A group of boys and girls are dancing to welcome Children’s Day. A couple of days have passed since we parted. (3)“a number of+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，the number of中心词是number, 谓语用单数，译为…的数量 A number of students have gone home. The number of pages in this book is two hundred. (4)只修饰可数名词的量词several,a few,a great many等作主语，谓语动词用复数。 Usually few people regard their work as a pleasure. A great many books are to be sent to primary schools in the west of China. (5)既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词的词作主语，谓语的形式应根据所修饰的词 而定。例如: A lot of students are coming to the meeting. A lot of work is to be done before we leave. (6) a quantity (of)，(large) quantities (of)，a (large) amount of，large amounts of修饰的名词 作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式根据quantity和amount的单复数而定。例如: A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain. A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. (7)more than one ，单数名词和more ，复数名词 ，than one的意义相同，均表示“不 只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。例如: More than one person was injured in the accident. More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution (8)"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如: Many a student has been sent to plant trees. (9)"One or two +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数;a/an „or two作主语，谓语动 词用单数。 例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. A day or two is enough for this work. (10)some (of), plenty of, most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分 数或百分数+of +名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数 的一致。 Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. (11) 表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式，例如: One and a half bananas is left on the table. (12)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以 根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如: Ten pounds was missing from the till. Three years has passed since then. [exercise] 1.One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______black people. [2011湖南26] A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 2. Every possible means _____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.[2000 上海] A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.[2006浙江] A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days. [05全国卷] A. we keeping B. Keep C. Keeps D. were keeping 5.Large quantities of water ______ needed for cooling purpose. A. is B. are C.has D.have 2(由连接词连接的名词作主语 (1)用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如: Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. (2)当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、 复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如: The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. (3)以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时，谓 语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如: Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or he is to go. (4)every„and (every)„„; each „and (each)„ ; no „and (no)„作主语时，谓语动词用 单数。 Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea-party. [exercise] 1.The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.[2006辽宁] A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 2.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.[2004北京] A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 3(名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等; The blind study in special schools. The poor live in a undeveleped country [exercise] The rich ______ not always happy. A.are B.is C.will D.may 4. 疑问词作主语 疑问词作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如: Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? [exercise] When and where to build the new factory ______ yet. A.has not decided B.are not decided C.is not deciding D.has not been decided 5.非谓语动词作主语 a.单独的不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如: To prevent the air from being polluted is what we’re now researching. Persuading him to join us seems really hard. b.由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词作主语如果表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，如 果表达不同的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。例如: To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. [exercise] Listening to loud music at rock concerts _______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A.is B.are C.has D.have 6.从句作主语 (1)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 是复数意义时， 谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如: What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. (2)关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词 的数一致。如: Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. (3) "one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如: He is one of the students who get there on time. She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting. [exercise] 1.What we need _______ good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.has 2.He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years. [2002上海] A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 3.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 7.其他情况 a.算式中的主谓一致 两数相加、相乘的算式作主语时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。例如: Fifteen and five makes/make twenty. Five times six is/are thirty. 两数相减、相除的算式作主语时谓语动词用单数。例如: Fifteen minus five is/leaves/makes/equals/is equal to 10. Fifteen divided by 5 is/makes/equals/is equal to 3. b.there be句型中的主谓一致 由there,here 引起的句型中，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。例如: There is a lake and some hills around the small village. There are several grammar mistakes and a wrong sentence in your composition. c.倒装句中的主谓一致 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如: Between the two windows hangs a picture. [exercise] 1.Between the two buildings _____ a hospital. A. stand B. stands C.stood 2.There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is [验收台] 1. Neither of them ______ going to the cinema. Both of them _____ going to the cinema. A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is 2. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this. A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were 3. A number of students ____ gone for an outing. The number of the students ______ increasing year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is 4. Some of the oranges ______ turned bad. Some of the milk _______ turned sour (酸). A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is 5. Either the judge or the lawvers ________ wrong. Either you or he _______ to blame. A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is 6. Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends. A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are 7. The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised at Mary’s answer. A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were 8. Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there? A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 9. Most of the students _____ boys. Most of his money _____ spent on books. A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are 10. The policeman ______ standing at the street corner. The police _____ searching for him. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 11. The news at six o’clock _____ not true. Those pieces of news _____ to be broadcasted. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 12. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, ____ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is 13. No one but Jane ______ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ___ in the classroom at that time. A. know; was B. knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were 14. There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _____ something wrong with the machine. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are 15. He is one of the boys who _____ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _____ never late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 16. Every picture except these two _______. Everything around us _____ matter. A. have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are 17. A woman with two children ______ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, ___ moved to Paris. A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has 18. one sixth of our classmates _____ from peasant families. One fifth of her time ____ devoted to writing. A. comes; is B. come; are C. come; is D. comes; are 19. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _____ League members. About 40% of Jim’s income ________ to the rent (租金). A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go 20. It is this teacher who ______ leaving for London. It is you who ____ next. A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is 21. The population of the earth _____ increasing fast. One third of the population here _____ workers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 22. This kind of snakes _____ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _____ hard to find. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 23. Half of the visitors _____ from Europe. Half of the fruit _____ bad. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 24. Every man worker and every woman worker _____ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present. A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are 25. Many a man ______ seen the wonderful film. Many men _____ seen the wonderful film. A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have 26. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 27. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _____ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night. A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are 28. If anybody _____, ask him to wait. _____ there anything I can do for you? A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is 29. Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 30. Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _____ done to against fight pollution. A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been