英语：非谓语动词精析课件

nullnull非谓语动词概念非谓语动词的基本形式非谓语动词的基本功能非谓语动词的一些复合型式非谓语动词重点难点null概念除谓语以外的一切成分。 null过去分词不定式现在分词非谓语动词donenull动词不定式的基本形式被动语态一般式进行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been donenull1.The book is said to have been translated into Russian. 2.Come, I am supposed to be calling you to lunch.不定式与谓语同时发生 进行式 不定式比谓语先发生 完成式null现在分词的基本形式主动语态被动语态一般式完成式null现在分词与/比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生 一般式 现在分词比谓语的动作先发生 完成式（强调先后关系）____ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92 39) Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received ——null作状语时的区别：现在过去分词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等, eg.they worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am glad to see you.to do表示1.目的; 2.结果—表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。 表示希望发生的结果，常用just强调。 3.原因—表示造成情感变化的原因。 目的结果原因nulleg.I like skating,but I don’t like to skate today. Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.eg.There is no joking about such matters.主语、表语、宾语1. to do 表示具体的动作，-ing form表示泛指的动作。 2.“there is no +主语”句型中，多用-ing form.null作定语时现在分词 ，过去分词与动词不定式的区别1 ，现在分词表示主动，正在进行；过去分词表示被动， 已经完成；动词不定式表示将来2 ，作表语时或定语时， 现在分词表示“令人” ,过去分词表示“感到”解题关键：1 看被修饰名词与非谓语动词的主被动关系 2 看动作发生的时间 3 having done 的任何形式都不充当定语 eg.He attends the meeting being held in the room now. He attended the meeting held yesterday. He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. eg.She has a strong wish to go to college.3，表示被修饰词的内容时， 用to do.null非谓语动词的否定形式Not + to do / -ing formHe decided not to do it. She wished never to see him again. Not seeing John,I asked where he was. Not having done it right, I tried again.nullto do的复合结构1.for sb. to do sth.常见的形容词有：good=nice/bad, kind/cruel=rude, clever=wise/stupid=silly, right /wrong，sensible 2.of sb. to do sth.→sb.is/are adj.to do sth.ing form的复合结构1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ing form 2.代词宾格/名词+ing form ↗主语 →表语 ↘宾语→宾语 null1.The story was ___,we were all ____. A.moving,moving B.moved,moved C.moving,moved D.moved,moving 2.There is a ___ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him. A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle 3.With his son too___, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing 4.She let out a ___ voice and we ran to her hurriedly. A.frightened B.frighteningnull1.I could feel the wind ___ on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing C.blown D.to be blowing 2.We’ll meet Mr.Black,___ as a famous scientist. A.knowing B.to be known C.known D.being known 3.___ more time, we could do it better. A.Giving B.To give C.Given D.To be given 4.A young man __ novels came to us yesterday. A.to write B.writing C.written D.wrote 5.All the things___,his proposal is of greater value than yours. A.considered B.considering C.consider D.to consider 6.__Sunday, the students are at home. A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being不定式重点难点 1 特殊表达方式不定式重点难点 1 特殊表达方式 He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. They could do nothing but ask for help. We have no choice but to wait outside. 有”do”无”to”;有”to”无”do”“别无选择做某事”: have no choice but to do can’t but do can’t help but do Please give me a knife to cut with. This question is difficult to answer. 作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相 应的介词。 不定式在作表语/ 补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动 形式表被动意思。 2 充当一定句子成分时重点难点3 “too … to”结构的特殊用法3 “too … to”结构的特殊用法 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. It’s never too old to learn. 某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词 是：anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing… 在not, never, only, all, but的 “too…to…”结构 中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义。4 独立结构4 独立结构 To tell (you) the truth, he doesn’t agree with you. To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful city. 5 不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what 等连用How to solve the problem is important.To be frank; to be exact … 现在分词重点难点 1 只用现在分词的句型现在分词重点难点 1 只用现在分词的句型 It is + no good /no use; not any use/good; useless +doing… There is no + doing…. 2 只用现在分词充当宾语的动词 mecafps+doing (mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape, admit, appreciate, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay=put off=postphone, deny, involve, imagine, keep, resist, risk, etc.) 3 介词后只用现在分词充当宾语3 介词后只用现在分词充当宾语4 只用现在分词充当宾语的词组 get down to; object to; pay attention to; look forward to; can’t help… 5 现在分词在need, want, require, deserve后的被动含义 e.g. The house requires repairing. He was afraid of being left at home.动名词与不定式的不同含义：动名词与不定式的不同含义： 1 be afraid to do be afraid of doing She was afraid ______ ( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid ______ ( wake ) her husband, for he was ill. 不敢，害怕，胆怯去做某事担心，恐怕出现to wake of wakingnull2 forget; remember; regret to do forget; remember; regret doingI regret _____( go ) to his home town. I regret _____( tell ) you the truth.未做已做goingto tell3 stop to do/ stop doing4 go on to do/ go on doingnull5 try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _____( do ) it again. Let’s try _____( do ) the work in some other way. to dodoing6 mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _____ ( delay ) more than a week, I’ll not wait. I mean _____( go ), and nothing can stop me.delayingto go打算做意味着null7) can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁 can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做… … 8） permit / allow / advise + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. lead to doing lead sb. to do sth. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 consider… to be 认为…是 null几个关键动词的使用方法1 “三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”make、let、have、look at、see、watch、 hear、listen to、notice、feel2 with; find ; leaveWe saw the thief _______ by the policeman. (catch)caughtThe murderer was brought in , with his hands _____ behinds his back . A .being tied B .having tied C .to be tied D .tiedDnull 独立主格结构 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语 不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语 时，叫独立主格结构。 1. Today ____( be ) Sunday, the library doesn’t open. 2. Weather ____ ( permit ), we’ll visit the Great Wall.null1.To do the job is impossible.2.It is necessary to study a foreign language.3.To do such a thing is stupid. 4.It is wrong to tell a lie.— It is impossible for a child to do the job. （a child）—It is necessary for students to study a…—It is stupid of you to do such a thing.—It is wrong of him to tell a lie.—You are stupid to do such a thing.—He is wrong to tell a lie.说出To do动作的执行者时，须用复合结构(students)(you)(he)null1.Do you mind opening the door? 2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble. 3.Being late again made the teacher angry.→Do you mind me/my opening …→Tom’s going there saved us a good …→His being late again made…说出-ing form动作的执行者时，须用复合结构(Tom)(I)(he)null1.Crossing the street,he was knocked down by a bus. 2.Being sick， I stayed at home. 3.Seen in the light, it is not as serious as people suppose. 4.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 5.He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper. 6.The train spent too much time stopped, waiting for the other trains.时间原因条件让步伴随伴随解题关键：1 句子主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系 2 非谓语动词与句子谓语动词之间的先后关系