BFT短文写作

nullBFT短文写作BFT短文写作一、便条（Note Writing）的几种形式： 邀请 –letter of invitation 感谢—letter of thanks 道歉—letter of apologies 投诉—letter of complaint 询价报价—enquiries and offers 订购和确认—order and acceptance 二、短文写作的几种形式： 记叙文—narrative writing 描述文—descriptive writing 说明文—expository writing 议论文—argumentative writing邀请信—letter of invitation邀请信—letter of invitationSept.2, 2006 Dear Mr. Andrew Linn, The school of English and International studies is giving a dinner party to celebrate the Teachers’ Day and the Moon Festival. We would like you to come and meet your old friends and our new faculty members. The party is at 6:00 p.m., Wednesday, the 10th, in Rose Hall, Sir Run Shaw Building. (It will be over by 8:30p.m.) We hope you will be able to join us and enjoy the evening. Best regards, Lin Wen Deputy Chairman 邀请信—letter of invitation邀请信—letter of invitation Jan.14, 2006 Dear Xiaoping, How are you getting on recently? I am wondering if you have made a definite plan for the coming winter vacation. If not, I wish you could come here and visit my city. My family are also glad to receive you as a popular guest in my home. my hometown is a very beautiful seashore city. There is many places of interest worthy of sightseeing. Besides, the local style food here is also well-known. Don’t you tell me in the letter that you have been dreaming of the sea? The place where l live is located near the sea. Every day you can walk on the seashore, pickup seashells and even enjoy swimming in the sea. Hoping to see you in my hometown as soon as possible. yours. Xiao Hui 感谢信—letter of thanks 感谢信—letter of thanks 注意以下几点： 1。具体告诉对方因为什么而感谢他； 2。感谢要大方，但是不能太过分； 3。在心中要表示希望继续合作或是起他的愿望。 常用的句型表达： Please accept my profound appreciation for … I wish to express my sincere appreciation for … I must write to tell you how pleased we were to … We hope you will continue to give us the opportunity to serve you …感谢信—letter of thanks感谢信—letter of thanksMay 4, 2006 Dear classmates, My heartfelt thanks for the surprise party you gave on my 19th birthday. It was thoughtful of you to do that, and I really enjoyed your efforts, the drinks, the food and, above all, your best wishes. It made me feel at home. I will always remember this special birthday party. Thank you for all you have done for this wonderful party. Sincerely yours, Jessica 道歉信—letter of apologies 道歉信—letter of apologies 注意事项： 在正文开首感谢对方，告知所发生的事情，并表示真诚的感谢； 在信尾处告知对方你已经或将要采取的怎样的措施来解决问题。 常用的句型： We have already taken the matter up with …. We apologize once again for the trouble you have been caused, and would like to assure you that we are at your service at all future times. Our check for $10 is enclosed. This is the amount that you were overcharged on our recent invoice. We value you as customer and would like to continue serving you.道歉信—letter of apologies道歉信—letter of apologiesNov. 12, 2006 Dear Mary, I am sincerely sorry that I have ruined the book you kindly allowed me to read over the weekend. Last Saturday evening when I was reading it our cat overturned a cup of tea on my desk and spilt the tea all over the book. With a naughty cat around, I shouldn’t have put any drink on the desk. Please accept this new copy. With regrets, Yours, lily 道歉信—letter of apologies道歉信—letter of apologies 16 July. 2006 Dear Susie, I am very sorry that I was out when you came to see me yesterday afternoon. The fact is that I had an engagement with some friends and, ignorant of your visit, accompanied them to the cinema. Since those friends and I haven’t met each other for quite a long time, we went to a friend’s home after the film was over and talked a lot. Therefore I didn’t come back until nine o’clock in the evening. You must have been disappointed by my absence. I hope you will not leave the city this week. I will call on you on Friday afternoon at four o’clock. As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I will take you to some places of interest. Please wait for me in your hotel at the appointed time. Yours truly, Jessica 投诉—letter of complaint投诉—letter of complaint注意事项： 在信的一开始提出有抱怨的必要，表示遗憾； 陈述不满的原因，并要求对方进行解释； 指出由此引起的不便和麻烦； 提议怎样补救。 常用句型： We regret to complain that … Under the circumstances, we have to claim on you for the value of … (提出索赔) Please inform us by return mail how you intend to do …投诉—letter of complaint投诉—letter of complaintMay 12, 2006 Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing with reference to Order N. AS671 which we received last week. When we checked the machine we noticed some damage to the case and when we turned on it, it did not work. It seems that the machine was not packed properly or tested before dispatch . Please let us know what you intend to do in this matter. Look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Jessica询价报价—enquiries and offers询价报价—enquiries and offers询价信 注意事项： 在信的开头写出你想询问的问题； 把你所想了解的，以及你已经了解的信息尽量说出； 在结尾提出愿望和要求。 常用句型： We have seem your advertisement in the Foreign Trade and should be glad if you would send us prices and sample of good quality cottons available in stock. We are interested in … displayed at the recent Guangzhou Fairs and should be delighted to have details of your export terms. (出口条件) We would appreciate it if you will let us know the ruing prices of the goods.询价报价—enquiries and offers询价报价—enquiries and offersJan. 11, 2006 Dear Sirs, The Overseas Trading Co. Ltd., Manchester inform us that you are exporters of Hand-made gloves in a variety of artificial leathers. Would you please send us Details of your various ranges, including sizes, colors and prices, and also samples of different qualities of materials used. We are one of the largest department stores here and believe there is a promising market in our area for moderately prices goods of the kind mentioned. When replying, please sate terms of payment and discounts you allow on purchases of quantities of not less than five gross of individual items. You early reply will be highly appreciated. Yours Faithfully, Miles Sloat询价报价—enquiries and offers询价报价—enquiries and offers报价信： 注意事项： 对询价方表示感谢； 详细阐述交割所包括的项目及其他内容； 运送货物或是提供服务的日期； 报价有效期限； 希望对方能接受报价。 常用句型： In accordance with your request, we now quote you subject to your confirmation for the following: Our offer remains firm until July 30. We regret to say we can not accept your offer because your price is too high. Will you please make a reduction of 10%? If you can, we are thinking of placing a ready order with you.订购和确认—order and acceptance订购和确认—order and acceptance订购要注意： 写明货物的数量、价格、目录编号等细节； 说明交易的条件、确切地点和时间、方式等； 对最初商议的付款条件予以证实（confirm the terms of payment） 确认要注意： 表示高兴接到对方的订单； 趁机推销其他的产品； 保证迅速及时处理订单； 希望得到更多的订单。 常用句型： We find both quality and prices of your products satisfactory and enclose our trial order for prompt supply. We are pleased to receive you offer and confirm acceptance of it. Your early attention to this order will be appreciated. We look forward to doing further business with you.订购和确认—order and acceptance订购和确认—order and acceptanceMay 12, 2007 Dear Sirs, Thank you for your inquiry of March 18. unfortunately the goods Model No. Mf-216 You ordered are now out of stock and will not be available again before the end of December. However we can offer Model No. MF-218 which is very similar in quality, available at present and is perhaps more suitable for your purposes. Please let us know whether you can accept it and receive the shipment of the goods which we have reserved for you. If you would care to cable us as soon as you receive our offer we would ship the goods at once. Yours Sincerely, Dick Jonesnull短文写作 记叙文—narrative writing 描述文—descriptive writing 说明文—expository writing 议论文—argumentative writing 记叙文—narrative writing记叙文—narrative writingA Letter in the Wallet It was a freezing day, a few years ago, when I stumbled upon a wallet in the street. There was no identification inside. Just three dollars, and a crumpled letter that looked as if it had been carried around for years. The only thing legible on the torn envelope was the return address. I opened the letter and saw that it had been written in 1944 — almost 60 years ago. I read it carefully, hoping to find some clue to the identity of the wallet's owner. It was a "Dear John" letter. The writer, in a delicate script, told the recipient, whose name was Michael, that her mother forbade her to see him again. Nevertheless, she would always love him. It was signed Hannah. It was a beautiful letter. But there was no way, beyond the name Michael, to identify the owner. Perhaps if I called information the operator could find the phone number for the address shown on the envelope. … …描述文—descriptive writing描述文—descriptive writing I shall always remember those Sunday morning breakfasts I used to have as a child. At seven in the morning the smell of fresh-perked coffee would snake its way down the hall which led to my room and fill it with an indescribable aroma, awaking me to tell me breakfast was ready and waiting. And what a breakfast it was! I first see a tall frosty glass of just-made juice filled with orange pulp. Steaming hot coffee is being poured into a small mug with sugar and country cream already in the bottom. Pancakes cooked to a golden brown are stacked almost a foot high, with butter oozing down the sides. Warm maple syrup covers the cakes with a soft glaze and slowly drips down to form a small pool in my plate. In a side dish are oven-baked apples sprinkled with cinnamon, nutmeg, vanilla and raisins and served hot with the cooking juices still bubbling. Thick-sliced bacon rounds off the meal. Whose mouth would not water, just thinking about this kind of breakfast served on a cold wintry morning—an “old fashioned breakfast”? perk: 滤煮 aroma:芬芳 frosty: 下霜的，银白的 pulp: 果肉 mug: 杯 ooze: 渗出，缓缓流出 glaze: 光滑透明的表面 sprinkle: 撒布 cinnamon: 肉桂 nutmeg: 肉豆蔻vanilla: 香草 raisin: 葡萄干 bubble: 气泡 说明文—expository writing说明文—expository writingProblems Created by the population Explosion        This sudden increase in tthe population of the developing countries has come at a difficult time. Even if their population had not grown so fast they would have been facing a desperate struggle to bring the standard of living of their people up to the point at which there was enough food, housing, education, medical care and employment for everyone to have a reasonable life. The poor countries are having to run faster and faster in their economic activity in order to stay in the same place, and the gap in wealth between rich and poor countries grows wider every year.       The most pressing problem created by the rapid increase in population is a shortage of food. More mouths have to be fed every year and yet a high proportion of the existing population are not getting enough of the right kind of food. Over the past two years the total amount of food has decreased, and of course the total amount of food per person has decreased even more sharply.      More and more of the babies born in developing countries have been surviving infancy, and now nearly half the people living in those countries are under the age of 15. The adults have to work harder than ever to provide for the needs of the children, who cannot contribute to the economy until they are older. There is a shortage of schools and teachers, and there are not enough hospitals, doctors and nurses. Farming land is becoming scarce, so country people are moving to the towns and cities in the hope of finding a better standard of living. But the cities have not been able to provide housing, and the newcomers live in crowded slums. Finally, there are too few jobs, and unemployment leads to further poverty. null人口爆炸带来的问题     发展中国家的人口骤增在困难的时刻发生。即使其人口没有如此迅速地增长，它们也一直面临着一场极其严峻的斗争：为了把人民的生活提高到一个像样的水平，达到人人能有饭吃，有房住，能享受教育、医疗和就业机会，就要进行艰巨的努力。贫穷的国家为了保持地位不下降，在经济上不得不加快速度急起直追，因为贫穷的国家和富裕的国家在财富上的差距一年比一年大。     人口猛增造成的最紧迫的问题是食品短缺。每年有更多的人口需要养活，而现有人口中的很大一部分还没有得到足够的像样的食物。在过去两年中，粮食总量在下降，不用说，人均食物消耗量就下降得更多了。     发展中国家越来越多的婴儿幸存下来了，现在，生活在这些国家的人口有将近一半不满15岁。这种年龄的孩子要长大一些才能为经济出力。为了抚养孩子，成年人被迫比过去任何时候都更加辛苦地工作。学校缺少，教师不足，医院、医生和护士也都不够。  由于可耕地越来越少，乡下人不断流向城镇，希望过上好一点的生活。可是，城市却难以提供住房，新来的乡下人只好住在拥挤的贫民区。最后，工作机会太少，失业将会导致严重的贫困。 议论文—argumentative writing议论文—argumentative writingMotorcar a Boon or a Menace ?       The use of the motorcar is becoming more and more widespread in the 21st century. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The car owner is no longer forced to rely on public transport to get about. With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. And many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood.       When, however, considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime problems. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas, which not only pollutes the atmosphere but causes actual harm to the health of people. Another serious problem is traffic congestion, endless queues of cars crawling bumper to bumper through all the main streets. Difficulties in finding parking lots, and the cost of petrol and road tax all add to the driver' s worries.       With both of these advantages and disadvantages of the use of a car in mind, I, personally, prefer to have my own car for work and play. I can have a wider choice of jobs as I no longer have to work locally, and I can make better use of my free time by driving out at weekends. The feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where I please, is what I enjoy most. 汽车——是福还是祸?     21世纪汽车的应用越来越广泛了。有了汽车人们活动范围扩大了，可以自由地到处漫游。  出行时可以不必再依赖公共交通。随着质量好、速度快的高速公路的建成，人们可以迅速愉快地完成长距离的行程，充分享受闲暇时光，在周末做一次乡村旅行或海滨旅游，不必只局限在附近地区转游。     然而说到汽车的缺点，也许污染问题是第一位的。  由于与日俱增地生产和使用汽车，致使有毒气体的排放量比以往任何时候都多，这不仅污染了空气，也危害人类健康。另一个严重问题是交通堵塞，在所有的主要街道上，汽车长龙首尾相接，缓缓向前爬行。寻找车位的困难，使用汽油的花费和需交纳公路税等问题都增添了驾驶者的烦恼。     权衡利弊，我个人还是喜欢能拥有自己的车来上班和娱乐。有了汽车选择工作的余地就宽了，因为我不必非要在本地工作。我还能更好地利用空余时间，周末可以开车出去兜风。我最欣赏的就是这种独立的感觉和想去哪就去哪的自由。 文章的开头和结尾文章的开头和结尾文章的开头 1。主题句法—提出一个论点或论据作为文章要阐明的主题，使读者了解你写作的理由和主要目的： This report summarizes the results of our fourth-quarter sales. One of the most notable phases of the industrial revolution was the rapid growth of cities. 2。问题法—用提问的方式来引发文章的内容，吸引读者的注意力 Should a scientist be responsible for his discoveries? What does it take to succeed in one’s studies of career? 3。数据法—用某些统计数字来引出文章的内容 The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising when compared with the American percentage of over 30%. 4。概要法—开宗明义得让读者了解文章的主要观点，然后通过举例或逻辑推理等方法加以佐证 This memo covers five steps in the new procedure. This report is divided into three main sections: 1) what equipment you need, 2) how to use equipment, and 3) how to maintain equipment. 文章的开头和结尾文章的开头和结尾文章的结尾 1。重复文章的主题句，强调作者的主要论点 With the foregoing three points in mind, one can be a true good student. If any items mentioned above arouse your interest, please let us know. 2。概括结论—用几句话概括上文内容来加深读者对文章观点的理解 From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that no success can be achieved without laboring. In summary, we should create such an environment in which each child in his or her own way follows his curiosity where it leads him, develops his ability and talents, pursues his interests and likes. 3。提出展望或期望—表示对未来的期待或是鼓动读者采取行动 It is essential that effective measures should be taken to redress such inequality. It is high time that we should urge an immediate end to this phenomenon. 4。强调意义—从更高或更新的角度来强调上述论点的重要性或其深远的意义 Admittedly, science has created atomic bombs and produced pervasivepollution. But it has transformed the lives of millions of people. 句子间和段落间的过渡句子间和段落间的过渡常用的转换词： 举例: for example, for instance, that is, to illustrate, specifically, as an illustration, once, such as 增补: (addition) in addition (to), besides, also, moreover, furthermore, the third reason, next, last of all 强调: (emphasis) above all, indeed, of course, as a matter of fact, in particular 对比、对照: (contrast) in contrast, on the other hand, in spite of, despite, on the contrary, although 比较: (comparison) similarly, like, in the same way, at the same time, equally important 让步: (concession) after all, it is true that 原因: (cause) because of, for this reason, owing to, thanks to, due to, since, now that 结果: (consequence) therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, so 结论: (conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, therefore, as has been noted (mentioned, said, stated) above常用句型常用句型1。文章开头常用句型 2。文章结尾常用句型 3。 议论文常用句型 (见“英语写作常用句型” word)