吉林大学岩土工程专业英语

专 业 外 语 一。综合类 geotechnical engineering岩土工程 foundation engineering基础工程 soil, earth土 soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic found粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 soil dynamics土动力学 stress path应力路径 土的分类 residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 clay minerals粘土矿物 secondary minerals次生矿物 landslides滑坡 bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 boulder漂石 cobble卵石 gravel砂石 gravelly sand砾砂 coarse sand粗砂 medium sand中砂 fine sand细砂 silty sand粉土 clayey soil粘性土 clay粘土 silty clay粉质粘土 silt粉土 sandy silt砂质粉土 clayey silt粘质粉土 saturated soil饱和土 unsaturated soil非饱和土 fill (soil)填土 土的基本物理力学性质 cc Compression index cu undrained shear strength cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively cvane cohesive strength from vane test e0 natural void ratio Ip plasticity index K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2 K0’ do main for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’ K0n K0 for normally consolidated state K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively N blow count ,standard penetration test OCR over-consolidation ratio pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test p0 effective overburden pressure p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test qu unconfined compressive strength U,Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen u ,ub ,um pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 渗透性和渗流 Darcy’s law 　达西定律 piping管涌 flowing soil流土 sand boiling砂沸 flow net流网 seepage渗透（流） leakage渗流 seepage (force) pressure渗透压力 permeability渗透性 hydraulic gradient水力梯度 coefficient of permeability渗透系数 五．地基应力和变形 soft soil软土 (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 effective stress有效应力total stress总应力 field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 low activity低活性 sensitivity灵敏度 triaxial test三轴试验 foundation design基础设计 recompaction再压缩 bearing capacity承载力 soil mass土体 contact pressure接触应力 concentrated load集中荷载 a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 homogeneous均质 isotropic各向同性 strip footing条基 square spread footing方形独立基础 underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载 live load活载 short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载 long-term transient load长期荷载 reduced load折算荷载 settlement沉降deformation变形 casing套管 dike=dyke堤（防） clay fraction粘粒粒组 physical properties物理性质 subgrade路基 well-graded soil级配良好土 poorly-graded soil级配不良土 sieve筛子 Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 FEM=finite element method有限元法 limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 pore water pressure孔隙水压力 preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力 modulus of compressibility压缩模量 coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 compression index压缩指数 swelling index回弹指数 geostatic stress自重应力 additional stress附加应力 total stress总应力 final settlement最终沉降 slip line滑动线 六．基坑开挖与降水 excavation开挖（挖方） dewatering（基坑）降水 failure of foundation基坑失稳 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 retaining wall挡土墙 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 dewatering method降低地下水位法 well point system井点系统（轻型） deep well point深井点 vacuum well point真空井点 braced cuts支撑围护 braced excavation支撑开挖 braced sheeting支撑挡板 七．深基础　deep foundation pile foundation桩基础 cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 　　steel sheet pile钢板桩 prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 caisson foundation沉井（箱） diaphragm wall地下连续墙　截水墙 friction pile摩擦桩 end-bearing pile端承桩 (pile)shaft桩身 wave equation analysis波动方程分析 pile caps承台（桩帽） bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 low pile cap低桩承台 high-rise pile cap高桩承台 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 silent piling静力压桩 uplift pile抗拔桩 anti-slide pile抗滑桩 pile groups群桩 efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η） efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 final set最后贯入度 dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 pile head=butt桩头 pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） pile spacing桩距 pile plan桩位布置图 arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置 group action群桩作用 end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 pile cushion桩垫 pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动） pile pulling test拔桩试验 pile shoe桩靴 pile noise打桩噪音 pile rig打桩机 八．地基处理（ground treatment） technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范 cushion垫层法 preloading预压法 dynamic compaction强夯法 dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法 vibroflotation method振冲法 sand-gravel pile砂石桩 pile-stone column砂石桩 cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩 cement column水泥桩 lime pile (lime column)石灰桩 jet grouting高压喷射注浆法 rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法 lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile灰土挤密桩 chemical stabilization化学加固法 surface compaction 　 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 层压实法 surcharge preloading超载预压法 vacuum preloading真空预压法 sand wick袋装砂井 geofabric ,geotextile土工织物 composite foundation复合地基 reinforcement method加筋法 dewatering method降低地下水固结法 freezing and heating冷热处理法 expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理 ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理 collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理 artificial foundation人工地基 natural foundation天然地基 pillow褥垫 soft clay ground软土地基 sand drain砂井 root pile树根桩 plastic drain塑料排水带 stone column碎石桩 gravel pile碎石桩 replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九．固结consolidation Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论 Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论 Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论 over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比 overconsolidation soil超固结土 excess pore water pressure超孔压力 multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结 one-dimensional consolidation一维固结 primary consolidation主固结 secondary consolidation次固结 degree of consolidation固结度 consolidation test固结试验 consolidation curve固结曲线 time factor Tv时间因子 coefficient of consolidation固结系数 preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力 principle of effective stress有效应力原理 consolidation under K0 condition K0固结 十．抗剪强度shear strength undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度 residual strength残余强度 long-term strength长期强度 peak strength峰值强度 shear strain rate剪切应变强度 dilatation剪胀 effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 angle of internal friction　内摩擦角 cohesion粘聚力 failure criterion破坏准则 vane strength十字板抗剪强度 unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度 effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线 effective stress strength parameter 十一.本构模型　constitutive method elastic model弹性模型 nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型 elastoplastic model弹塑性模型 viscoelastic model粘弹性模型 boundary surface model边界面模型 Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型 rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 cap model盖帽模型 work softening加工软化 work hardening加工硬化 Cambridge model剑桥模型 ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则 yield surface屈服面 elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 elastic modulus弹性模量 Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型 十二.地基承载力　bearing capacity of foundation soil punching shear failure冲剪破坏 general shear failure整体剪切破化 local shear failure局部剪切破坏 state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 critical edge pressure临塑荷载 stability of foundation soil地基稳定性 ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力 十三.土压力　earth pressure active earth pressure主动土压力 passive earth pressure被动土压力 earth pressure at rest静止土压力 Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论 Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论 十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis angle of repose休止角 Bishop method毕肖普法 safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 slices method 十五.挡土墙retaining wall stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性 foundation wall基础墙 counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙 gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙 anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙 十六.板桩结构物　sheet pile structure steel sheet pile钢板桩 reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 steel piles钢桩 wooden sheet pile木板桩 timber piles木桩 十七.浅基础 shallow foundation box foundation箱型基础 mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 strip foundation条形基础 spread footing扩展基础 compensated foundation补偿性基础 bearing stratum持力层 rigid foundation刚性基础 flexible foundation柔性基础 embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 net foundation pressure基底附加应力 structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析 十八.土的动力性质 dynamic properties of soils dynamic strength of soils动强度 wave velocity method波速法 material damping 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 阻尼 geometric damping几何阻尼 damping ratio阻尼比 initial liquefaction初始液化 natural period of soil site地基固有强度 dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度 dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素 liquefaction strength抗液化强度 dimensionless frequency无量纲频率 evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价 stress wave in soils土中应力波 dynamic settlement振幅 十九.动力机器基础 equivalent lumped parameter method　等效集总参数法 dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法 vibration isolation隔振 foundation vibration基础振动 elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论 allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅 natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率 二十.地基基础抗震 earthquake engineering地震工程 soil dynamics土动力学 duration of earthquake地震持续时间 earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 earthquake intensity地震烈度 earthquake magnitude震级 seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度 二十一.室内土工实验 high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 falling head permeability变水头试验 constant head permeability常水头渗透试验 unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验 consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验 consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验 compaction test击实试验 consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验 quick direct shear test快剪试验 consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验 sieve analysis筛分析 geotechnical model test土工模型试验 centrifugal model test离心模型试验 direct shear apparatus直剪仪 direct shear test直剪试验 direct simple shear test直接单剪试验 dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 dynamic simple shear动单剪 free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验 二十二.原位测试 standard penetration test(SPT) 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 灌入试验 surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验 dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验 static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 plate loading test 静力荷载试验 lateral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 cross-hole test 跨孔试验 screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验 pressuremeter test 旁压试验 light sounding 轻便触探试验 deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测 vane shear test 十字板剪切试验 field permeability test 现场渗透试验 in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 in-site soil test 原位试验 -over-