IEC 61373-2010铁路应用 铁道车辆设备冲击和振动试验标准

IEC61373Edition2.0201005INTERNATIONALSTANDARDNORMEINTERNATIONALERailwayapplications–Rollingstockequipment–ShockandvibrationtestsApplicationsferroviaires–Matérielroulant–EssaisdechocsetvibrationsINTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONCOMMISSIONELECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONALEVICS45.060PRICECODECODEPRIXISBN9782889109449®colourinside,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,–2–61373©IEC:2010CONTENTSFOREWORD4INTRODUCTION61Scope.72Normativereferences..83Termsanddefinitions.94General..105Orderoftesting116Referenceinformationrequiredbythetesthouse116.1Methodofmountingandorientationofequipmentundertest.116.2Referenceandcheckpoints..116.2.1Fixingpoint116.2.2Checkpoint..126.2.3Referencepoint..126.2.4Measuringpoint..126.3Mechanicalstateandfunctioningduringtest.126.3.1Mechanicalstate.126.3.2Functionaltests..136.3.3Performancetests..136.4Reproducibilityforrandomvibrationtests136.4.1Accelerationspectraldensity(ASD)..136.4.2Rootmeansquarevalue(r.m.s.).136.4.3Probabilitydensityfunction(PDF)..136.4.4Duration..136.5Measuringtolerances146.6Recovery147Initialmeasurementsandpreconditioning148Functionalrandomvibrationtestconditions148.1Testseverityandfrequencyrange.148.2Durationoffunctionalvibrationtests.158.3Functioningduringtest159Simulatedlonglifetestingatincreasedrandomvibrationlevels159.1Testseverityandfrequencyrange.159.2Durationofacceleratedvibrationtests.1510Shocktestingconditions.1610.1Pulseshapeandtolerance.1610.2Velocitychanges1610.3Mounting1610.4Repetitionrate.1610.5Testseverity,pulseshapeanddirection..1610.6Numberofshocks..1710.7Functioningduringtest1711Transportationandhandling..1712Finalmeasurements.1713Acceptancecriteria1714Report.17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61373©IEC:2010–3–15Testcertificate.1816Disposal.18AnnexA(informative)Explanationofservicemeasurements,measuringpositions,methodsofrecordingservicedata,summaryofservicedata,andmethodusedtoobtainrandomtestlevelsfromacquiredservicedata..25AnnexB(informative)Figureidentifyinggenerallocationofequipmentonrailwayvehiclesandtheirresultingtestcategory.32AnnexC(informative)Exampleofatypetestcertificate.33AnnexD(informative)GuidanceforcalculatingRMSvaluesfromASDvaluesorlevels34Figure1–Gaussiandistribution.9Figure2–Category1–ClassA–Bodymounted–ASDspectrum.19Figure3–Category1–ClassB–Bodymounted–ASDspectrum.20Figure4–Category2–Bogiemounted–ASDspectrum.21Figure5–Category3–Axlemounted–ASDspectrum22Figure6–CumulativePDFtolerancebands..23Figure7–Shocktesttolerance–Bandshalfsinepulse..24FigureA.1–Standardmeasuringpositionsusedforaxle,bogie(frame)andbody..25FigureA.2–Typicalfatiguestrengthcurve.29FigureB.1–Generallocationofequipmentonvehicles32FigureD.1–ASDspectrum35Table1–Testseverityandfrequencyrangeforfunctionalrandomvibrationtests14Table2–Testseverityandfrequencyrange..15Table3–Testseverity,pulseshapeanddirection..16TableA.1–Environmentdataacquisitionsummaryofthetestparametersconditions26TableA.2–Summaryofther.m.s.accelerationlevelsobtainedfromthequestionnaire28TableA.3–TestlevelsobtainedfromservicedatausingthemethodshowninClauseA.4.31,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,–4–61373©IEC:2010INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONRAILWAYAPPLICATIONS–ROLLINGSTOCKEQUIPMENT–SHOCKANDVIBRATIONTESTSFOREWORD1)TheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprisingallnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectofIECistopromoteinternationalcooperationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.Tothisendandinadditiontootheractivities,IECpublishesInternationalStandards,TechnicalSpecifications,TechnicalReports,PubliclyAvailableSpecifications(PAS)andGuides(hereafterreferredtoas“IECPublication(s)”).Theirpreparationisentrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmayparticipateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentalandnongovernmentalorganizationsliaisingwiththeIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.IECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwoorganizations.2)TheformaldecisionsoragreementsofIEContechnicalmattersexpress,asnearlyaspossible,aninternationalconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjectssinceeachtechnicalcommitteehasrepresentationfromallinterestedIECNationalCommittees.3)IECPublicationshavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationaluseandareacceptedbyIECNationalCommitteesinthatsense.WhileallreasonableeffortsaremadetoensurethatthetechnicalcontentofIECPublicationsisaccurate,IECcannotbeheldresponsibleforthewayinwhichtheyareusedorforanymisinterpretationbyanyenduser.4)Inordertopromoteinternationaluniformity,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECPublicationstransparentlytothemaximumextentpossibleintheirnationalandregionalpublications.AnydivergencebetweenanyIECPublicationandthecorrespondingnationalorregionalpublicationshallbeclearlyindicatedinthelatter.5)IECitselfdoesnotprovideanyattestationofconformity.Independentcertificationbodiesprovideconformityassessmentservicesand,insomeareas,accesstoIECmarksofconformity.IECisnotresponsibleforanyservicescarriedoutbyindependentcertificationbodies.6)Allusersshouldensurethattheyhavethelatesteditionofthispublication.7)NoliabilityshallattachtoIECoritsdirectors,employees,servantsoragentsincludingindividualexpertsandmembersofitstechnicalcommitteesandIECNationalCommitteesforanypersonalinjury,propertydamageorotherdamageofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherdirectorindirect,orforcosts(includinglegalfees)andexpensesarisingoutofthepublication,useof,orrelianceupon,thisIECPublicationoranyotherIECPublications.8)AttentionisdrawntotheNormativereferencescitedinthispublication.Useofthereferencedpublicationsisindispensableforthecorrectapplicationofthispublication.9)AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisIECPublicationmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.IECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.InternationalStandardIEC61373hasbeenpreparedbyIECtechnicalcommittee9:Electricalequipmentandsystemsforrailways.Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition,issuedin1999andconstitutesatechnicalrevision.Themaintechnicalchangeswithregardtothepreviouseditionareasfollows:–changeofthemethodtocalculatetheaccelerationratiowhichhastobeappliedtothefunctionalASDvaluetoobtainthesimulatedlonglifeASDvalue;–additionofthenotionofpartiallycertifiedagainstthisstandard;–suppressionofAnnexBofthefirsteditionduetothenewmethodtocalculatetheaccelerationratio;–additionofguidanceforcalculatingthefunctionalRMSvaluefromservicedataortheRMSvaluefromASDlevelsofFigures2to5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61373©IEC:2010–5–Thetextofthisstandardisbasedonthefollowingdocuments:FDISReportonvoting91386FDIS91397RVDFullinformationonthevotingfortheapprovalofthisstandardcanbefoundinthereportonvotingindicatedintheabovetable.ThecommitteehasdecidedthatthecontentsofthispublicationwillremainunchangeduntilthestabilitydateindicatedontheIECwebsiteunderhttp:webstore.iec.chinthedatarelatedtothespecificpublication.Atthisdate,thepublicationwillbereconfirmed,withdrawn,replacedbyarevisededition,oramended.IMPORTANT–The'colourinside'logoonthecoverpageofthispublicationindicatesthatitcontainscolourswhichareconsideredtobeusefulforthecorrectunderstandingofitscontents.Usersshouldthereforeprintthisdocumentusingacolourprinter.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,–6–61373©IEC:2010INTRODUCTIONThisstandardcoverstherequirementsforrandomvibrationandshocktestingitemsofpneumatic,electricalandelectronicequipmentcomponents(hereinafteronlyreferredtoasequipment)tobefittedontorailwayvehicles.Randomvibrationistheonlymethodtobeusedforequipmentcomponentapproval.Thetestscontainedwithinthisstandardarespecificallyaimedatdemonstratingtheabilityoftheequipmentundertesttowithstandthetypeofenvironmentalvibrationconditionsnormallyexpectedforrailwayvehicles.Inordertoachievethebestrepresentationpossible,thevaluesquotedinthisstandardhavebeenderivedfromactualservicemeasurementssubmittedbyvariousbodiesfromaroundtheworld.Thisstandardisnotintendedtocoverselfinducedvibrationsasthesewillbespecifictoparticularapplications.Engineeringjudgementandexperienceisrequiredintheexecutionandinterpretationofthisstandard.Thisstandardissuitablefordesignandvalidationpurposes;however,itdoesnotexcludetheuseofotherdevelopmenttools(suchassinesweep),whichmaybeusedtoensureapredetermineddegreeofmechanicalandoperationalconfidence.Thetestlevelstobeappliedtotheequipmentundertestaredictatedonlybyitslocationonthetrain(i.e.axle,bogieorbodymounted).Itshouldbenotedthatthesetestsmaybeperformedonprototypesinordertogaindesigninformationabouttheproductperformanceunderrandomvibration.However,fortestcertificationpurposesthetestshavetobecarriedoutonequipmenttakenfromnormalproduction.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61373©IEC:2010–7–RAILWAYAPPLICATIONS–ROLLINGSTOCKEQUIPMENT–SHOCKANDVIBRATIONTESTS1ScopeThisInternationalStandardspecifiestherequirementsfortestingitemsofequipmentintendedforuseonrailwayvehicleswhicharesubsequentlysubjectedtovibrationsandshockowingtothenatureofrailwayoperationalenvironment.Togainassurancethatthequalityoftheequipmentisacceptable,ithastowithstandtestsofreasonabledurationthatsimulatetheserviceconditionsseenthroughoutitsexpectedlife.Simulatedlonglifetestingcanbeachievedinanumberofwayseachhavingtheirassociatedadvantagesanddisadvantages,thefollowingbeingthemostcommon:a)amplification:wheretheamplitudesareincreasedandthetimebasedecreased;b)timecompression:wheretheamplitudehistoryisretainedandthetimebaseisdecreased(increaseofthefrequency);c)decimation:wheretimeslicesofthehistoricaldataareremovedwhentheamplitudesarebelowaspecifiedthresholdvalue.Theamplificationmethodasstatedina)above,isusedinthisstandardandtogetherwiththepublicationsreferredtoinClause2;itdefinesthedefaulttestproceduretobefollowedwhenvibrationtestingitemsforuseonrailwayvehicles.However,otherstandardsexistandmaybeusedwithprioragreementbetweenthemanufacturerandthecustomer.Insuchcasestestcertificationagainstthisstandardwillnotapply.WhereserviceinformationisavailabletestscanbeperformedusingthemethodoutlinedinAnnexA.Ifthelevelsarelowerthanthosequotedinthisstandard,equipmentispartiallycertifiedagainstthisstandard(onlyforserviceconditionsgivingfunctionaltestvalueslowerthanorequaltothosespecifiedinthetestreport).Whilstthisstandardisprimarilyconcernedwithrailwayvehiclesonfixedrailsystems,itswideruseisnotprecluded.Forsystemsoperatingonpneumatictyres,orothertransportationsystemssuchastrolleybuses,wherethelevelofshockandvibrationclearlydifferfromthoseobtainedonfixedrailsystems,thesupplierandcustomercanagreeonthetestlevelsatthetenderstage.ItisrecommendedthatthefrequencyspectraandtheshockdurationamplitudebedeterminedusingtheguidelinesinAnnexA.Equipmenttestedatlevelslowerthanthosequotedinthisstandardcannotbefullycertifiedagainsttherequirementsofthisstandard.Anexampleofthisistrolleybuses,wherebybodymountedtrolleybusequipmentcouldbetestedinaccordancewithcategory1equipmentreferredtointhestandard.Thisstandardappliestosingleaxistesting.Howevermultiaxistestingmaybeusedwithprioragreementbetweenthemanufacturerandthecustomer.Thetestvaluesquotedinthisstandardhavebeendividedintothreecategoriesdependentonlyupontheequipment’slocationwithinthevehicle.Category1BodymountedClassACubicles,subassemblies,equipmentandcomponentsmounteddirectlyonorunderthecarbody.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,–8–61373©IEC:2010ClassBAnythingmountedinsideanequipmentcasewhichisinturnmounteddirectlyonorunderthecarbody.NOTE1ClassBshouldbeusedwhenitisnotclearwheretheequipmentistobelocated.Category2BogiemountedCubicles,subassemblies,equipmentandcomponentswhicharetobemountedonthebogieofarailwayvehicle.Category3AxlemountedSubassemblies,equipmentandcomponentsorassemblieswhicharetobemountedonthewheelsetassemblyofarailwayvehicle.NOTE2Inthecaseofequipmentmountedonvehicleswithonelevelofsuspensionsuchaswagonsandtrucks,unlessotherwiseagreedatthetenderstage,axlemountedequipmentwillbetestedascategory3,andallotherequipmentwillbetestedascategory2.Thecostoftestingisinfluencedbytheweight,shapeandcomplexityoftheequipmentundertest.Consequentlyatthetenderstagethesuppliermayproposeamorecosteffectivemethodofdemonstratingcompliancewiththerequirementsofthisstandard.Wherealternativemethodsareagreeditwillbetheresponsibilityofthesuppliertodemonstratetohiscustomerorhisrepresentativethattheobjectiveofthisstandardhasbeenmet.Ifanalternativemethodofevaluationisagreed,thentheequipmenttestedcannotbecertifiedagainsttherequirementofthisstandard.Thisstandardisintendedtoevaluateequipmentwhichisattachedtothemainstructureofthevehicle(andorcomponentsmountedthereon).Itisnotintendedtotestequipmentwhichformspartofthemainstructure.Mainstructureinthesenseofthisstandardmeanscarbody,bogieandaxle.Thereareanumberofcaseswhereadditionalorspecialvibrationtestsmayberequestedbythecustomer,forexample:a)equipmentmountedon,orlinkedto,itemswhichareknowntoproducefixedfrequencyexcitation;b)equipmentsuchastractionmotors,pantographs,shoegear,orsuspensioncomponentswhichmaybesubjectedtotestsinaccordancewiththeirspecialrequirements,applicabletotheiruseonrailwayvehicles.Inallsuchcasesthetestscarriedoutshouldbedealtwithbyseparateagreementatthetenderstage;c)equipmentintendedforuseinspecialoperationalenvironmentsasspecifiedbythecustomer.2NormativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.IEC60068227:2008,Environmentaltesting–Part227:Tests–TestEaandguidance:ShockIEC60068247:2005,Environmentaltesting–Part247:Tests–Mountingofspecimensforvibration,impactandsimilardynamictestsIEC60068264:2008,Environmentaltesting–Part264:Tests–TestFh:Vibration,broadbandrandomandguidanceISO35341:2006,Statistics–Vocabularyandsymbols–Part1:Probabilityandgeneralstatisticalterms,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61373©IEC:2010–9–3TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninIEC60068264andinISO35341applyaswellasthefollowing.3.1randomvibrationsavibrationtheinstantaneousvalueofwhichcannotbepreciselypredictedforanygiveninstantoftime3.2Gaussiandistribution;normaldistributionaGaussian,ornormal,distributionhasaprobabilitydensityfunctionequalto(seeFigure1):e)(Pxσ².2)²––(..2σ1xxxπ=where:σisther.m.svalue;xistheinstantaneousvalue;xisthemeanvalueofx.xtxx+2σ+3σ+1σ0–3σ–2σ–1σPx(x)IEC109910Figure1–GaussiandistributionNOTEAccordingtoFigure1,theprobabilitythattheinstantaneousaccelerationvalueisbetween±aisequaltothezoneundertheprobabilitydensitycurvePx(x).Thismeansthattheinstantaneousaccelerationvaluebetween:0and1σrepresents68,26%ofthetime,1σand2σrepresents27,18%ofthetime,2σand3σrepresents4,30%ofthetime.3.3AccelerationSpectralDensityASDmeansquarevalueofthatpartofanaccelerationsignalpassedbyanarrowbandfilterofacentrefrequency,perunitbandwith,inthelimitasthebandwithapproacheszeroandtheaveragingtimeapproachesinfinity–10–61373©IEC:20103.4componentspneumatic,electrical,orelectronicpartslocatedinsideacubicle3.5cubiclewholeequipment,includingmechanicalpartsandespeciallythestructure,(e.g.converter,inverter,etc.)composedofmountedcomponents4GeneralThisstandardisintendedtohighlightanyweaknesserrorwhichmayresultinproblemsasaconsequenceofoperationunderenvironmentswherevibrationandshockareknowntooccurinserviceonarailwayvehicle.Thisisnotintendedtorepresentafulllifetest.However,thetestconditionsaresufficienttoprovidesomereasonabledegreeofconfidencethattheequipmentwillsurvivethespecifiedlifeunderserviceconditions.CompliancewiththisstandardisachievedifthecriteriainClause13aremet.Thetestlevelsquotedinthisstandardhavebeenderivedfromenvironmentaltestdata,asreferredtoinAnnexA.Thisinformationwassubmittedbyorganizationsresponsibleforcollectingenvironmentalvibrationlevelsunderserviceconditions.Thefollowingtestsaremandatoryforcompliancewiththisstandard:FunctionalrandomtestThefunctionalramdomtestlevelsaretheminimumtestlevelstobeappliedinordertodemonstratethattheequipmentundertestiscapableoffunctioningwhensubjectedtoconditionswhicharelikelytooccurinservice,onrailwayvehicles.Thedegreeoffunctioningshallbeagreedbetweenthemanufacturerandtheenduserpriortotestscommencing(see6.3.2).FunctionaltestrequirementsaredetailedinClause8.Thefunctionaltestsarenotintendedtobeafullperformanceevaluationundersimulatedserviceconditions.SimulatedlonglifetestThistestisaimedatestablishingthemechanicalintegrityoftheequipmentatincreasedservicelevels.Itisnotnecessarytodemonstrateabilitytofunctionundertheseconditions.SimulatedlonglifetestingrequirementsaredetailedinClause9.ShocktestingShocktestingisaimedatsimulatingrareserviceevents.Itisnotnecessarytodemonstratefunctionalityduringthistest.Itwillhoweverbenecessarytodemonstratethatnochangeinoperationalstateoccurs,thatthereisnovisualdeformationandthatmechanicalintegrityhasnotchanged.Thesepointsshallbeclearlydemonstratedinthefinaltestreport.ShocktestingrequirementsaredetailedinClause10.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61373©IEC:2010–11–5OrderoftestingApossibleorderoftestingisasfollows:Vertical,transverseandlongitudinalsimulatedlonglifetestingbyincreasedrandomvibration;followedbyvertical,transverseandlongitudinalshocktesting;followedbytransportationandhandling(whenidentifiedagreed)andfinallybyvertical,transverseandlongitudinalfunctionalrandomtesting.NOTETransportationandhandlingtestsarenotarequirementofthisstandard,andarethereforenotincludedinthisstandard.Theorderoftestingmaybealteredtominimizerejigging.Theorderoftestingshallberecordedinthereport.Performancetestsinaccordancewith6.3.3shallbeundertakenbeforeandaftersimulatedlonglifetesting,duringwhichtimetransferfunctionsshallbetakenforcomparisonpurposesinordertoestablishifanychangeshavetakenplaceasaresultofthesimulatedlonglifetesting.Theorientationanddirectionofexcitationshallbestatedinthetestspecificationandincludedinthereport.6ReferenceinformationrequiredbythetesthouseNOTE1AdditionalgeneralinformationcanbefoundinIEC60068264.NOTE2ForgeneralmountingofcomponentsrefertoIEC60068247.6.1MethodofmountingandorientationofequipmentundertestTheequipmentundertestshallbemechanicallyconnectedtothetestmachinebyitsnormaldevicesofattachment,includinganyresilientmount,eitherdirectlyorbyutilisingafixture.Asthemethodofmountingcansignificantlyinfluencetheresultsobtained,theactualmethodofmountingshallbeclearlyidentifiedinthetestreport.Unlessotherwiseagreeditispreferredthattheequipmentshallbetestedinitsnormalworkingorientationwithnospecialprecautionstakenagainsttheeffectsofmagneticinterference,heatoranyotherfactorsupontheoperationandperformanceoftheequipmentundertest.Whereverpossible,thefixtureshallnothavearesonancewithinthetestfrequencyrange.Whenresonancesareunavoidable,theinfluenceoftheresonanceontheperformanceoftheequipmentundertestshallbestudiedandidentifiedinthereport.6.2ReferenceandcheckpointsThetestrequirementsareconfirmedbymeasurementsmadeatareferencepointand,incertaincases,atcheckpoints,relatedtothefixingpointsoftheequipment.Inthecaseoflargenumbersofsmallitemsofequipmentmountedononefixture,thereferenceandorcheckpointsmayberelatedtothefixtureratherthantothefixingpointsoftheequipmentundertest,providedthelowestresonantfrequencyoftheloadedfixtureishigherthantheuppertestfrequencylimit.6.2.1FixingpointAfixingpointisapartoftheequipmentundertestincontactwiththefixtureorvibrationtestingsurfaceatapointwheretheequipmentisnormallyfastenedinservice.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,–12–61373©IEC:20106.2.2CheckpointAcheckpointshallbeascloseaspossibletoafixingpointandinanycaseshallberigidlyconnectedtoit.Iffourorlessfixingpoint