Tree_of_life_(biblical)-生命树 (圣经)

Treeoflife(biblical)SeealsoTreeoflifeforotherculturalinterpretations,andTreeoflife(disambiguation)forothermeanings.Thetreeoflife(Hebrew:ֵעץַהַחִּיים,Standard:EtzhaChayim)[1]isatermusedintheHebrewBiblethatisacomponentoftheworldtreemotif.[2]IntheBookofGenesis,thetreeoflifeisfirstdescribedinchapter2,verse9asbeingplantedwiththetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil(Hebrew:ֵעץַהַּדַעת)"inthemidstoftheGardenofEden"byGod.InGenesis3:24cherubimguardthewaytothetreeoflifeattheeastendoftheGarden.Thetreeoflifehasbecomethesubjectofsomedebateastowhetherornotthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilisthesametree.[3]IntheBibleoutsideofGenesis,theterm"treeoflife"appearsinProverbs(3:18;11:30;13:12;15:4)andRevelation(2:7;22:2,14,19).Italsoappearsin2Esdras(2:12;8:52)and4Maccabees(18:16),whichareincludedamongtheJewishapocrypha.GenesisdebateReligioususesJudaismChristianityEasternChristianityWesternChristianitySeealsoReferencesExternallinksAccordingtotheone-treetheoryproposedbyKarlBudde,inhiscriticalresearchof1883,heoutlinedthattherewasonlyonetreeinthebodyoftheGenesisnarrativeanditqualifiedintwoways:oneasthetreeinthemiddleoftheGarden,andtwoastheforbiddentree.ClausWestermanngaverecognitiontoBudde'stheoryin1976.[4]EllenvanWoldenotedinher1994surveythatamongBiblescholars"thetreesarealmostalwaysdealtwithseparatelyandnotrelatedtoeachother”andthat“attentionisalmostexclusivelydirectedtothetreeofknowledgeofgoodandevil,whereasthetreeoflifeispaidhardlyanyattention."[5]TheFallofManbyLucasCranach,a16th-centuryGermandepictionofEden,withthetreeoflife(left)andthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilContentsGenesisdebateReligioususesThetreeoflifeisrepresentedinseveralexamplesofsacredgeometryandiscentralinparticulartotheKabbalah(themysticstudyoftheTorah),whereitisrepresentedasadiagramoftenpoints.TheEasternOrthodoxChurchhastraditionallyunderstoodthetreeoflifeinGenesisasaprefigurationoftheCross,whichhumanitycouldnotpartakeofuntilaftertheincarnation,deathandresurrectionofJesus.[6]OneofthehymnschantedduringtheforefeastofthenativityofChristsays:Makeready,OBethlehem,forEdenhathbeenopenedforall.Prepare,OEphratha,forthetreeoflifehathblossomedforthinthecavefromtheVirgin;forherwombdidappearasaspiritualparadiseinwhichisplantedthedivinePlant,whereofeatingweshallliveandnotdieasdidAdam.Christshallbeborn,raisingtheimagethatfellofold.[7]ThecrossofChristisalsoreferredtoasthetreeoflife,andintheservicebooks,Jesusissometimeslikenedtoa"divinecluster"ofgrapeshangingonthe"TreeoftheCross"fromwhichallpartakeinHolyCommunion.ThisthemeisalsofoundinWesternChristianity.BywayofanarchetypalexampleconsiderBonaventure's"biography"ofthesecondpersonoftheTrinity,entitled"TheTreeofLife."[seeCousins,TheClassicsofWesternSpiritualitySeries]IntheCityofGod(xiii.20-21),AugustineofHippooffersgreatallowancefor"spiritual"interpretationsoftheeventsinthegarden,solongassuchallegoriesdonotrobthenarrativeofitshistoricalreality.Enlightenmenttheologians(culminatingperhapsinBrunnerandNiebuhrinthetwentiethcentury)soughtforfigurativeinterpretationsbecausetheyhadalreadydismissedthehistoricalpossibilityofthestory.Otherssoughtverypragmaticunderstandingsofthetree.IntheSummaTheologica(Q97),ThomasAquinasarguedthatthetreeservedtomaintainAdam'sbiologicalprocessesforanextendedearthlyanimallife.Itdidnotprovideimmortalityassuch,forthetree,beingfinite,couldnotgrantinfinitelife.Henceafteraperiodoftime,themanandwomanwouldneedtoeatagainfromthetreeorelsebe"transportedtothespirituallife."Thecommonfruittreesofthegardenweregiventooffsettheeffectsof"lossofmoisture"(notethedoctrineofthehumorsatwork),whilethetreeoflifewasintendedtooffsettheinefficienciesofthebody.FollowingAugustineintheCityofGod(xiv.26),“manwasfurnishedwithfoodagainsthunger,withdrinkagainstthirst,andwiththetreeoflifeagainsttheravagesofoldage.”JohnCalvin(CommentaryonGenesis2:8),followingadifferentthreadinAugustine(CityofGod,xiii.20),understoodthetreeinsacramentallanguage.GiventhathumanitycannotexistexceptwithinacovenantalrelationshipwithGod,andallcovenantsusesymbolstogiveus"theattestationofhisgrace",hegivesthetree,"notbecauseitcouldconferonmanthatlifewithwhichhehadJudaismChristianityGildedroyaldoorscarvedtorepresentthetreeoflife(oldwoodenchurchinChotyniec,Poland).EasternChristianity"ThetreeoflifeinRevelation22:2":aprintfromthePhillipMedhurstCollectionofBibleillustrationsinthepossessionofRevd.PhilipDeVereatSt.George'sCourt,Kidderminster,England.WesternChristianitybeenpreviouslyendued,butinorderthatitmightbeasymbolandmemorialofthelifewhichhehadreceivedfromGod."Godoftenusessymbols-Hedoesn’ttransferhispowerintotheseoutwardsigns,but"bythemHestretchesoutHishandtous,because,withoutassistance,wecannotascendtoHim."Thusheintendsman,asoftenasheeatsthefruit,torememberthesourceofhislife,andacknowledgethathelivesnotbyhisownpower,butbyGod’skindness.Calvindenies(contraAquinasandwithoutmentioninghisname)thatthetreeservedasabiologicaldefenseagainstphysicalaging.ThisisthestandinginterpretationinmodernReformedtheologyaswell.1.Lizorkin-Eyzenberg,Eli(July7,2016)."ThePowerofHebrew"(https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:eBqjcpstpF8J:https://israelstudycenter.com/the-power-of-hebrew/+%22tree+of+life%22%22Etz+haChayim%22%22%D7%A2%D6%B5%D7%A5+%D7%94%D6%B7%D7%97%D6%B7%D7%99%D6%BC%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%9D%22).IsraelStudyCenter.RetrievedMarch26,2017.2."worldtree"(http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648638/world-tree).EncyclopædiaBritannicaOnline.July20,1998.RetrievedMarch26,2017.3.Mettinger2007,pp.5–114.Mettinger2007,p.75.Mettinger2007,p.66.Roman,Dr.Alexander,TreeofLifeintheGardenofEden(https://web.archive.org/web/20070227172919/http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/automne2004/treeoflife.htm),UkrainianOrthodoxy,archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/automne2004/treeoflife.htm)(–Scholarsearch(https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3ARoman+intitle%3ATree+of+Life+in+the+Garden+of+Eden&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&btnG=Search))onFebruary27,20077.ORTHODIXIE...Southern,Orthodox,Convert,Etc.:Word&Virgin,Mary&Child(http://southern-orthodoxy.blogspot.com/2008/12/word-virgin-mary-child.html)Mettinger,Tryggve(2007).TheEdenNarrative:ALiteraryandReligio-historicalStudyofGenesis2-3.Eisenbrauns.ISBN9781575061412.Entheomedia.orgChrismonsandfleurdelisAncientEgypt,thetreeoflifeJewishandNon-JewishviewsColinLow'sNotesonKabbalah-TheTreeofLifeDonmehWestKheper'sKabbalahPageWorkoftheChariotTheIsometricSephiroth:TheForgottenCorrespondencesAdamandEveal-QurnahGardenofEdenGenesisLotetreeSephirotSidratal-MuntahaTheFountainTreemanTreeoflifeTreeoflife(Kabbalah)TreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilTreesinmythologyTreeofJesseWorldtreeYggdrasilSeealsoReferencesExternallinksEtzHhaim:TheTreeofLife:TheOriginalTreeoftheSepherYetsiraRetrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tree_of_life_(biblical)&oldid=814085295"Thispagewaslasteditedon6December2017,at20:40.TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlikeLicense;additionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipedia®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anon-profitorganization.