WELL建筑认证体系简介

ExecutiveSummaryTheWELLBuildingStandardisaperformance-focusedsystemformeasuring,certifying,andmonitoringfeaturesofthebuiltenvironmentthatimpacthumanhealthandwellbeingincludingair,water,nourishment,light,fitness,comfort,andmind.Itiscurrentlyinpilotandavailableforusefornewconstructionandmajorrenovationsinthecommercial,residentialmultifamily,andinstitutionalmarketsectors.DEVELOPMENTTheWELLBuildingStandardwasdevelopedthroughsevenyearsofconsultationwithleadingmedicalscientistsandbuildingindustrypractitioners,andisgroundedinmedicalresearchthatdemonstratestheconnectionbetweenbuildings–wherewespendmorethan90percentofourtime–andhealthandwellnessimpactsonoccupants.WELLsetsperformancerequirementsinsevencategories:air,water,nourishment,light,fitness,comfort,andmind.ADMINISTRATIONTheInternationalWELLBuildingInstitute(IWBI)administerstheWELLBuildingStandard.IWBIisapublicbenefitcorporation(B-Corp)thatwascreatedbyDelos,aWellnessRealEstatecompany,toadministertheWELLBuildingStandardtofulfillaClintonGlobalInitiativecommitmenttomakethestandardavailableglobally.IWBIwilladministeratransparentpeerreviewoftheWELLBuildingStandardinSummer2014priortothefullreleaseoftheprogram.ASSESSMENTANDCERTIFICATIONTheIWBIalsoadministerscertificationundertheWELLBuildingStandard,incollaborationwiththeGreenBuildingCertificationInstitute(GBCI),thesameorganizationthatcertifiesLEEDgreenbuildings,whichservesasathird-partyauditorfortheIWBI.On-sitepost-occupancyauditsofWELLBuildingfeaturesincludingairandwaterqualityarerequiredforWELLcertification,andre-auditingeverythreeyearsisrequiredtomaintaincertification.WELLANDGREENBUILDINGSTheWELLBuildingStandardworksinalignmentwiththeLEEDGreenBuildingRatingSystem,theLivingBuildingChallenge,andotherleadingglobalsustainablebuildingprograms.WELLenablesgreenbuildingpractitionerstointegratehumanhealthandwellbeingwithsustainability,creatingbuildingsthatoptimizeoccupantaswellasenvironmentalimpacts.CurrentWELLpilotprojectsincludetheWilliamJeffersonClintonChildren’sCenterinPort-au-Prince,Haiti.NamedinhonorofPresidentClinton,thechildren’scenterandorphanagewillbeLEEDPlatinumandWELLcertified.AnotherrecentexampleofthealignmentbetweenWELLandLEEDincludesCBREGroupInc.’snewGlobalCorporateHeadquartersindowntownLosAngeles.UnveiledinNovember2013,CBRE’snewheadquartersistheworld’sfirstcommercialofficespacetobebothGoldLEEDandWELLcertified.INTRODUCTIONAIRGoodairqualityisimperativeforahealthyenvironment.Stationaryadultstypicallyinhale6to10litersofaireveryminute,andatotalofapproximately15cubicmetersofairpassthroughthelungsofamoderatelyactiveadultdaily(1).Minutequantitiesofgaseouspollutantsandparticulates,whichcancauseserioushealthproblems,arepresentintheairfrombothnaturalandanthropogenicsources.Poorairqualityisresponsiblefor50,000prematuredeathsannuallyintheUnitedStatesandisestimatedtoresultin$150billionofillness-relatedeconomiccosts(2).Ofthis,$93billionisduetolostproductivityfromtheheadaches,fatigue,andirritationtypicalofSickBuildingSyndrome(3).TheWELLBuildingStandard®introducesaprotocoltoreduceairbornecontaminantsgeneratedbybuildingmaterialsandhumanactivity,aswellasaprovenpracticetoexpeltoxinsandparticulatesintheairthroughventilationandfiltration(4).INTENTTheobjectiveoftheAirConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istoachievemedicallyvalidatedperformance-basedthresholdsforhealthyindoorairquality.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»Upperrespiratoryhealth»Allergiesandasthma»Chronicfatigue»Eyeirritations»Headachesandfocusissues»Endocarditis»Multiplechemicalsensitivities»OdorcontrolOPTIMALAIRCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»Effectiveaircleaningandtreatmentpractices,includingparticlefilters,UVsanitation,andactivatedcarbonairfilters»Idealairchangeratesandairdistribution»Continualairqualitymeasurementtiedtoairchangeswithfeedbacktotheuser»Minimizationofsourcechemicalsorpathogensinfurniture,cleaningproducts,orotherindooruses»Sounddesignpracticestoavoidtrappingcontaminantsorcreatingindoorairproblems»ConstructionprotocoltoprotectductsandindoorairqualityduringconstructionAIRMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRWATERWaterisanessentialmechanismofthehumanbody—makingupmorethantwothirdsofhuman-bodyweight.Allthecellandorganfunctionsofourbodydependonwatertofunction.Waterservesasalubricantindigestionandalmostallotherbodyprocesses,regulatesbodytemperature,removesharmfultoxinsandtransportsvaluablenutrientstothebody.TheWELLBuildingStandard®makeshighqualitywatereasilyaccessible,asdehydrationispublichealthconcernintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.Theaveragepersonneedstoconsumeapproximately2litersofwatereachday(5).Properhydration,withareplacementofessentialelectrolytesandminerals,isessentialtoproductivity,sustainingenergylevels,reducingfatigueandkeepingahealthybodyfreeoftoxins(6).Municipalregulatoryentitiesintroducethresholdsofperformanceforwaterquality.However,thesestandardsarenotalwaysasstringentasmedicalresearchadvocates.Forinstance,inNewYorkCity,byproductsformedbychlorinationarenearthefederallimit(7).Aroundthecountry,risinglevelsofprescriptiondrugsarenowbeingfoundinmunicipalwatersupplieswithpotentiallydeleteriousimpactsonhumanhealth(8).Inaddition,becauserequirementsvaryfromstatetostate,notallpartsofthecountryorworldhavethesamequalityrequirements.Forexample,theLasVegassodiumandsulfatelevelsinwaterwouldfailNewYorkStatestandards(9).INTENTTheobjectiveoftheWaterConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istoimplementdesign,technology,andtreatmentstrategiesinordertoachieveoptimalwaterqualityforallinternalwateruses.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»Neurophysiologicalhealth»Gastrointestinalhealth»Bloodpressure»Colorectalhealth»Cosmetichealth»Neurologicandcognitivehealth»Cardiovascularhealth»EndocrinehealthOPTIMALWATERCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»Removalofpotentialpathogens,includingbacteria,protozoa,andviruses»Removalofsedimentandheavymetals»Removalofresidualchlorineandotherdisinfectants»Removalofprescriptionmedications,disinfectantbyproducts,andotherorganiccontaminants»Optimalplacementandaccessibilitytoincreaseintakeandencourageproperhydration»GoodwaterconservationpracticesWATERMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRNOURISHMENTThemajorityofAmericanshaveahigh-caloriedietandtakeinanabundanceofunhealthyfatsandsugarsthatgraduallyweakenimmunefunction,leadtoexcessiveweightgain,andcauselong-termhealthcomplications.TheWELLBuildingStandard®setsprotocolstoreducetheavailabilityofunhealthyfoodswithinthebuiltenvironment,toalignmenuandingredientswithmedicallyvalidateddietaryguidelines,topromoteawareness,andtointroduceappliancesandfoodpreparationtechniquestomaximizenutrientandantioxidantavailability.Theeaseofaccessibilitytohealthyfoodimpactshumandietarychoicesandhealth—Studiesdemonstrateneighborhoodresidentswithbetteraccesstosupermarketsandlimitedaccesstoconveniencestorestendtohavehealthierdietsandreducedriskforobesity(10).TheWELLBuildingStandard®promotestheavailabilityofhealthyfoodintheareassurroundingthebuildinginordertocreateahealthierlifestyleforoccupants.INTENTTheobjectiveoftheNourishmentConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istoimplementstrategiestoencouragehealthyeatinghabitsforbuildinginhabitants.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»Neurophysiologicalhealth»Heartattackriskfactor»Cancerrisk»Foodpoisoning»Immunesystemsupport»HealthybodymassindexOPTIMALNOURISHMENTCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»Ergonomicallydesignedkitchen/pantryspacesthatencourageoptimalnutritionintakewithherbariums»Minimalsurfacecontaminants/bioload»Readilyaccessiblefreshphytomedicinals»Healthyeatinghabits»Optimalplacementandaccessibilitytoincreaseintakeandencourageproperhydration»MedicationandsupplementintegrityNOURISHMENTMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRLIGHTLightimpactsthebody’scircadianrhythm,abiologicalprocessthatoscillatesarounda24-hourcycle,whichisadjustedtothelocalenvironmentbyexternalcues,themostimportantofwhichisdaylight.Thehumanbodyuseslighttoinformvariousbiologicalprocessesthroughouttheday,andbecauseartificiallightintheinteriorenvironmentisstatic—doesnotchangeinwavelengthorintensityfromdawntodusk—thebody’scircadiansystemreceivesreducedcues.Furtherdisruptingcircadianalignment,highlevelsoflightatnightsignaltothebodytostopproductionofmelatonin,thesleephormone(11).Lowproductionofmelatoninreducesqualityofsleep(12)andincreasestheriskofdevelopingcancer(13)andobesity(14).Lackofexposuretonaturallighthasadeleteriouseffectonthequalityofsleep,levelofalertness,emotionalstateandoverallhealthandwellbeing.TheWELLBuildingStandard®introducesprotocolstoemulatelightinginthenaturalenvironmenttohelpthebodymaintaincircadianalignment,toprovidetheideallightinglevelsforvarioustaskstoreduceeye-strainandglare,toincreasealertness,toimprovequalityofsleep,todecreaseSeasonalAffectiveDisorder,andtopromoteVitaminDsynthesis.INTENTTheobjectiveoftheLightConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istoprovideroomilluminationthatminimizesdisruptiontothebody’scircadianrhythmandprovidesappropriateilluminationforalltasks.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»SeasonalAffectiveDisorder(SAD)»Serotoninregulation»Circadianrhythm»Melatoninmanagement»Carbohydratedigestion»Antioxidanteffectsofmelatonin»Healthyeyedevelopment»Agerelatedmaculardegeneration»Chronotype»DelayedSleepPhaseSyndrome(DSPS)»Remediationofjetlag»Healthysleeppatterns»VitaminDOPTIMALLIGHTCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»CircadianLightingControlstoadjustthecolortemperatureandintensityoverthecourseofthedaytohelpwithsleep,alertnessanddigestion»Adequatedaylightduringdaylighthoursandblackoutshadesatnighttooptimallymanageoutdoorsourcesoflight»Graduallybrighteninglightsinthemorningtoactasadawnsimulator»High-intensitylighttohelpawakenandincreasemorningalertness,removingmelatoninlevelsforoptimaldaytimeenergy»Greatvisualacuitytoimproveworkperformanceandreduceeyestrain»UltravioletlighttoallowthebodytogenerateVitaminDinsettingsthatavoidriskofeyeandskindamageLIGHTMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRFITNESSPhysicalactivityisoneofthemainpillarsofhealth.Exerciseimprovesstrength,staminaandflexibility,improvescardiovascularfunction,promotesnervecellgrowth,helpsmaintainahealthybodyweight,improveslong-termhealth,andhasprofoundstressreductionandantidepressanteffects.Nevertheless,inactivityisnowoneofthebiggestthreatstopublichealth,directlyattributableto9.4%ofalldeathsworldwide,or3.5millionpeopleeveryyear(15).TheWELLBuildingStandard®promotesphysicalactivity,awareness,accessibilityandurbanconnectivitythroughactivedesignandtechnology.Consistently,peoplecitelackoftimeasthetopreasongivenfornotexercising.Toaddressthis,theWELLBuildingStandard®introduceselementsinthebuiltenvironmentthatmakeiteasiertoseamlesslyintegratephysicalactivityintodailylife.Byprovidingaccesstomultiplefitnessopportunities,andestablishinghigh-intensityworkoutsasafoundationalpillarofgeneralwellbeing,theWELLBuildingStandard®supportsandpromotesanactivelifestyleinallcertifiedspaces.INTENTTheobjectiveoftheFitnessConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istoprovidebuildingoccupantswithnumerousopportunitiesforphysicalactivity.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»Hearthealth»Hypertensivetherapy»Triglyceridemaintenance»Stressreduction»Moodmaintenance»Alleviationofdepressivesymptoms»Weightmanagement»Anti-aging»Fibromyalgiamanagement»Improvedbonemineraldensity»Improvedmusclestrength»Preventionofmusculoskeletaldisorders»Musclehealth»Posturesupport»LDLcholesterolmanagement»MobilityOPTIMALFITNESSCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»Enoughdedicatedspacetofitarangeofexercisemachinesandroomforstationaryaerobicsoryoga»Locationnexttoabicyclepathorpublicpark,enablingcardioactivity»Locationnearotherfitnessamenitiesinthecommunity»Attractivestairsanddesigntoencouragewalkinginsteadofusinganelevator»Whereapplicable,accesstohydrotherapyfacilitiesforpeoplerecoveringfrominjuriesorwithmuscleandjointpain»SpecificfitnessprogramswithfeedbackforeachindividualinthebuildingFITNESSMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRCOMFORTAvarietyofenvironmentalfactorsaretiedtothehumanexperienceofcomfortwithinthebuiltenvironment.Comfortnotonlyimpactsourabilitytofeelasenseofrelaxationandpeaceofmindbutalsoourabilitytoconcentrateandbeproductive.TheComfortConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®takesaholisticapproachtoaddressthedifferentfactorsatworkintheexperienceofhumancomfort—ergonomics,acoustics,electromagneticfields,hygiene,temperaturecontrolandairflow.Acomfortableinteriorenvironmentcreatesconditionsthatminimizestressanddistraction.Theprevalenceofuncomfortableanddisruptiveenvironmentsisevidentinthatanestimatedonethirdofalllost-workdayinjuriesandillnessesareproducedbyrepetitive,crimped,uncomfortableposture(16).TheWELLBuildingStandard®introducesbestpracticesforgooddesign,performancemeasuresandselectfeaturesandtechnologies,whichprotectoccupantsfromdisruptivelevelsofenvironmentalstressors.INTENTTheobjectiveoftheComfortConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istocreateanenvironmentthatenablesoccupantstoexperiencecomfort,bothphysicallyandmentally.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»Healthyheartratemanagement»Anxiety/tensionreduction»Neurophysiologicalfunction»Healthyimmunefunction»Restfulsleep»Healthyhearing»Lowerbacksupport»Reducedpointpressuresunderfoot»Fatigue»Productivity»Musclepainreduction»Anti-carcinogenic»HealthyneurocognitivefunctionOPTIMALCOMFORTCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»Noiseprotection,whichincludeswalls,doorsandflooringthatscreenoutexternalnoiseandreducewaterandappliancesoundandvibration»EMF-protecteddesign,whichincludesbundlingwiresandshieldingthemtodeflectelectromagneticfields»Anti-microbialsurfaceprotectionthatreducesbacteria,virusesandpathogensandminimizesthespreadofgerms»Floorsbuilttoprecisedepthandresiliencetoprovidemaximumheelsupport»Whereavailable,spautilitieslikesaunaandhydrotherapy»GreatworkplaceergonomicsdesignCOMFORTMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRMINDImprovedaccesstoinformationaboutourbodiesandoursurroundingsthroughdevices,knowledgeandtechnologyhelpstokeepusinformedandengagedinourhealthbymakingusdirectlyawareoftheimpactofourdecisions(17).TheWELLBuildingStandard®introducestechnologiesthatassistbothusersandtheirhealthpractitionersinmonitoringandimprovinghealthandwellness.TheWELLBuildingStandard®introducesthedemonstratedconceptofbiophilia,theideathatthereisaninstinctivebondbetweenhumansandnature,andthatthisnaturalaffiliationenablesthehumanmindtobemorerelaxedandcalminthepresenceofnature.Byincorporatingelementsofthenaturalworldintothebuiltenvironment,theWELLBuildingStandard®promotesthecreationofspacesthatquietthemindandhelptoreducelong-termstress(18).INTENTTheobjectiveoftheMindConceptoftheWELLBuildingStandard®istoimplementdesign,technology,andtreatmentstrategiesinordertoprovideabuiltenvironmentinwhichmentalandemotionalwellbeingisenriched.HEALTHIMPACTOfconcernaremultiplehealthrelatedissues,whichmayinclude:»Highbloodpressuremanagement»Heart-ratevariabilitymanagement»Chronicbackpain»Healthyimmunefunction»Headaches»Migraines»ImprovedbowelfunctionOPTIMALMINDCONDITIONAWELLCertified™buildingmustmeetperformancethresholdandintroduceselectsolutions,protocolsandtechnologies:»Positivepracticesandhabits»Informeddecisionswithregardtohealth»Healthandlifestylemonitoring/management»Stressmanagement»Moodandemotionalbalance»Increasedknowledgeofwellnesscausesandstrategies»Architecturehighlightingplantsandnaturallight»RelaxationSupportMINDMINDCOMFORTFITNESSLIGHTNOURISHMENTWATERAIRTheWELLCertification™programisacomprehensivereviewprocessthroughwhichownersandtenantsofeligiblerealestateprojectsmayseekofficialrecognitionofachievementoftheWELLBuildingStandard®.WELLCertification™isbasedonperformanceandrequiresapassingscoreineachoftheSevenConceptcategoriesoftheWELLBuildingStandard®.Thecertificationprocess,whichincludesthesubmissionofprojectdocumentationandanon-siteaudit,isadministeredbytheInternationalWELLBuildingInstitute(IWBI).TheIWBIawardscertificationatoneofthreelevels:Blue,SilverorGold.Thelevelultimatelyawardedisdeterminedbysuccessfulcompliancewithfeaturesinthreecategories—Precondition,TreatmentandOptimization.THEWELLVITALSIGNSSCORECARDTheWELLVitalSignsScorecardwascreatedtodemonstrateanenvironment’scompliancewiththeWELLBuildingStandard®acrosseachoftheSevenConcepts.TheWELLBuildingStandard®requiresthatinorderforanenvironmenttobeWELLCertified™,allPreconditionsacrosseachoftheSevenConceptsbemet.Thisapproachpreventshealthfrombeingquicklyunderminedby“keystonehazards”–ahazardwithinabuildingthatcanalmostsingle-handedlyundermineourhealth.PicturedisarepresentativescorecardforahypotheticalprojectthathasachievedWELLCertification™,withvariouslevelsofcomplianceineachConcept.WELLCERTIFICATION™12345678910AIROWATEROLIGHTOFITNESSOMINDONOURISHMENTOCOMFORTO1.Holmes,John.HowMuchAirDoWeBreath?s.l.:CaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,1994.2.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.AirQuality.UnitedStatesDepartmentofCommerce.[Online]http://www.noaawatch.gov/themes/air_quality.php.3.Mudarri,David.PublicHealthConsequencesandCostofClimateChangeImpactsonIndoorEnvironments.Washington,DC:EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,2010.4.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs).AnIntroductiontoIndoorAirQuality(IAQ).[Online]Jul9,2012.http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html.5.MayoClinic.Water:Howmuchshouldyoudrinkeveryday?Nutritionandhealthyeating.[Online]Oct12,2011.[Cited:Mar6,2013.]http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/water/NU00283.6.Richter,Brian.WalkingWater:H20andtheHumanBody.NewsWatch.[Online]NationalGeographic,Mar6,2012.http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/06/human-body-water/.7.LasVegasValleyWaterDistrict.2012WaterQualitySummary.LasVegas:s.n.,2013.8.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.FrequentQuestions.PharmaceuticalsandPersonalCareProducts(PPCPs).[Online]Oct28,2010.http://www.epa.gov/ppcp/faq.html#sources.9.NewYorkCityEnvironmentalProtection.NewYorkCity2009DrinkingWaterSupplyandQualityReport.NewYork:s.n.,2010.10.Center,FoodResearchandAction.WhyLow-IncomeandFoodInsecurePeopleareVulnerabletoOverweightandObesity.[Online]2013.[Cited:Jan2,2014.]http://frac.org/initiatives/hunger-and-obesity/why-are-low-income-and-food-insecure-people-vulnerable-to-obesity/.11.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.IndoorAirQualityandWorkEnvironmentSurvey:EPAHeadquarters’Buildings.Vol.1-4.EmployeeSurvey.[Online]Volume1-4,1989.FinalRep.,EPAContract#68-01-7359.Washington,DC:USEPA.12.Lightlevelanddurationofexposuredeterminetheimpactofself-luminoustabletsonmelatoninsuppression.Wood,Brittany,etal.,etal.s.l.:Appliedergonomics,2012.13.Light-at-night,circadiandisruptionandbreastcancer.Stevens,RG.s.l.:InternationalJournalofEpidemiol