朗文听说教程2听力原文

Unit1What'sinaName?TEACHER:Goodmorning,everybody.Goodmorning,Felipe,Monica,Theo,...andIcan'trememberyourname.STUDENT1:Patricia.TEACHER:Right,Patricia.Thoseareallbeautifulnames,andthat'osurtopictoday—names.Namesareaculturaluniversal.Thismeanseveryoneusesnames.Aperson'snamecantellusabitaboutaperson'sfamily.Today,we'llbeginbylfirstnamesandhowpeoplechoosenamesfortheirchildren.Andthenwe'lltalkaboutfamilynames,andlookatthedifferentcategoriesoffamilynames.AlthoughthescopeofthelecturetodayisEnglish-languagenames,wecanusethesameapproach,youknow,tolookatnamesfromanyculture.Let'stakeabrieflookatfirst,orgiven,names.Thereareseveralwaysparentschoosethefirstnamefortheirchild.Thefirstwayisbyfamilyhistory.Parentsmaychooseanamebecauseitispassedfromgenerationtogeneration;forexample,thefirstbornsonmightbenamedafterhisfatherorgrandfather.Althoughfamilynamesarealsopassedtodaughters,itisusuallyasamiddlename.Adding“junioror”“thesecond”—forexample,WilliamParkerthesecond—isonlydonewithboys'n,otwithgirlsn'ames.Thesecondwayparentschooseanameisafterafamilymemberorfriendwhohasdiedrecently,oraftersomeonetheyadmire,likeawell-knownleaderorafamousmusician.AlthoughmostEnglishfirstnamesmeansomething,forexample,“Richard”meanspowerfuland“Ann”meansgrace,nowadaysmeaningisnotthemainreasonpeopleselecttheirbaby'sname.Thethirdwayistoprovidea“pushthechild.Parentswanttochooseanamethatsoundsvery“successful.stron”gnaAmemighthelptheminthebusinessworld,forexample.Ortheymightchooseanamethatworksforeithergender,likeTaylororTerry.So,giventhesethreemethods,whatisthemostcommonwayparentschooseaname?Manyparentschooseanamesimplybecausetheylikeit,orbecauseit'sfashionableorclassic.Fashionsinnameschangejustastheydoinclothes.Onehundredyearsago,manynamescamefromtheBible—namessuchasDaniel,andAnna,andHannahandMatthew.Then,fiftyyearsago,Biblicalnameswentoutoffashion.Nowadays,namesfromtheBiblearebecomingpopularagain.Similarly,parentsoftenchooseclassicnames,namesthatwerepopularin1900,1950,andarestillpopularnow.ClassicnamesforboysincludeThomas,David,Robert,andMichael.Andforgirls:Anna,Elizabeth,Emily,andKatherine,justtonameafew.They'renevergooutofstyle.Let'slookattheoriginoflastnames,alsocalledfamilynamesorsurnames.Researchershavestudiedthousandsoflastnames,andthey'vedividedintofourcategories.Thecategoriesare:placenames,patronymics,addednames,andoccupationalnames.Arecentsurveyshowedthatofthe7,000mostpopularnamesintheUnitedStatestoday,43percentwereplacenames,32percentwerepatronymics,15percentwereoccupationalnames,and9percentwereaddednames.Thefirstcategoryisplacenames.Placenamesusuallyidentifiedwhereapersonlivedorworked.SomeonenamedJohnHilllivednearahill,forexample,andtheRiversfamilylivednearariver.IfyouhearthenameEmmaBridges,...whatimagedoyousee?Doyouseeafamilythatlivesnearabridge?Ifyoudo,yougettheidea.Thesecondcategoryispatronymics.That's-AP-T-R-O-N-Y-M-I-C-S.Apatronymicisthefather'sname,plusanendinglike-SE-NorS-O-N.Theendingmeansthatachild,aboy,isthesonofhisfather.ThenamesRobertson,Petersen,andWilsonarepatronymics.RobertsonissonofRobert,PetersenissonofPeter,andsoon.Thethirdcategoryisaddednames.Linguistssometimescallthiscategory“nbutwhenmostofusheartheword“nickname,”fawseptehciinaklnoameafriendoraparentmightuse.Theword“nicknameis”actuallyanoldEnglishwordthatmeansanadditionalname,anaddedname.SoI'llusetheterm“addedname.”Thiscategnamesisfunbecausethenamesusuallydescribedaperson.Reed,Baldwin,andBiggsareexamples.Reedwasfrom“red”forredhair.Baldwinwassomeonewhowasbald,someonewhohadlittleornohair.AndBiggs?STUDENT2:Someonebig?TEACHER:Yeah,someonebig,right.Now,ifwelookaroundtheroom,wecouldprobablycomeupwithsomenewlastnames,like,uh,CurlyorStrong.Now,thefourthcategoryisoccupationalnames.Theoriginofthefamilynamewastheperson'soccupation.ThemostcommonexamplesofoccupationalnamesstillusedtodayareBaker(someonewhobakesbread),Tailor(someonewhosewsclothes),Miller(someonewhomakesflourforbread),andSmith....Now,SmithisactuallythemostcommonnameinthewesternEnglish-speakingworld.ThenamecomesfromanOldEnglishword,smite,that'sS-M-I-T-E,whichmeanstohitorstrike.Intheolddays,asmithmademetalthingsfordailylife,liketools.Everytownneededsmiths.What'sinterestingisthatmanylanguageshaveafamilynamethatmeansSmith.InArabicitHaddad,H-A-D-D-A-D.InSpanishit'Hserrera,H-E-R-R-E-R-A.InItalianit'Fserraro,F-E-R-R-A-R-O.AndinGermanit'Sschmidt,spelledS-C-H-M-I-D-T.Allthesenamesmeansmith.Thoughnamesmaytellussomethingaboutsomeone'sfamilyhistory,youneedtokeepinmindthattheymaynottellusmuchatallaboutthepresent.Forexample,there'susuallynotmuchconnectionbetweentheoriginofthenameandthepersonwhohasitnow.TakethenameCook,forinstance.ApersonnamedCooktodayprobablydoesn'tcookforaliving.Also,manypeoplechangetheirnamesforvariousreasons.LotsofpeoplewhohavemovedtotheUnitedStateshavechangedtheirnamestosoundmoreAmerican.Thishappenslessnowthaninthepast,butpeoplestilldoit.Peoplealsousepennamesorstagenamestogivethemselvesaprofessionaladvantage.Forexample,thewriterSamuelClemensusedthepennameMarkTwain,andThomasMapotherIVusesthestagenameTomCruise.So,let'srecapnow.Intoday'slesson,welookedparentschooseEnglishfirstnames.Wealsolookedatsomecommonoriginsoffamilynames.Inthenextclass,we'lllookathownamesaregiveninKoreaandinJapan.Thisiscoveredinthenextsectionofthebook.That'sallfortoday.Unit2English:agloballanguageToday'stopicisEnglishasagloballanguage.IknowmanyofyouwhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguage,right?Howaboutyou,H~?IsEnglishyourfirstlanguage?H:No.MyfirstlanguageisJapnese.Englishismysecondlanguage.Andhowaboutyou,P~?P:Englishismysecondlanguage,too.MyfirstlanguageisSpanish.See,manyofyouuseEnglishasasecondlanguage,evenasagloballanguagetocommunicatewithotherpeoplewhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.TodayIwanttogiveyoutwocantrastingpointsofviewonwhetherornotEnglishisagloballanguage.FirstisthatEnglishisobviousaglaballanguage,peoplewhosupportthispointofviewbelieveEnglishisthelanguageofpeopleallovertheworldusedtocommunicate,andthatitisgraduallyreplacingotherlanguages.ThesecondpointofviewisthatEnglishisnottruelyagloballanguagebecauseitisnotthemainlanguagespokenbymostpeoplewordwide.SuportersofthisviewsaythateventhoughmanypeoplespeaksomeEnglishworldwide,Englishhasnotreplacedotherlanguages.TheyackonwledgethatpeopleuseEnglisheverydayformanyreasons,butthisdoesn'tmeanEnglishisreplacingotherlanguages,notmakeEnglishthemainlanguagespokenintheworld.First,let'sexamthefirstview.Firstofall,Englishisthedominatedlanguageofbusiness,travelandsciences.Whenpeopleneedacommonlanguage,theyoftenuseEnglish.Thinkaboutit,Englishisoftenusedthattouriestimformationsetters,ininternationalhotels,atairports.IfyouuseataxiinRome,andyoucan'tspeakItalian,thetaxidriverismorelikelytouseEnglishthananyotherlanguages.Itisusedatbusinessmeetingsandinternationalsportsevents.TheEuropeanUnionusesEnglishalongwithFrenchatitsmeetings.ACN,theAsianTradeGroup,usesEnglishatitsmeetings.CanyouthinkofothersituationinwhichEnglishisusedasacommonlanguage?P:Howaboutthisclass?AllofusarelisteningtoyouinEnglish.Absolutely,educationalsettingsagreatexample.Anyothers?P:Howaboutthechatroomontheinternet?Isometimesgotochatroom,seemseveryoneusesEnglish.Excellentexample!TheinternethascreatalotofinternationalcommunitiesandpeopleoftenuseEnglish.Infact,mostpeoplewhousetheinternetknowEnglish.ThishelpstosupporttheviewEnglishisagloballanguage.ThesecondmajorreasonthatpeoplebelieveEnglishisagloballanguageisthatitistheofficallanguageofmorethan75countries.ThismeansthesecountriesuseEnglishinschools,banks,businessandgovenment.Ofthese75countries,EnglishmaybetheonlyofficallanguageofthecountrylikeinEngland,orEnglishmaybeusedalongwithotherofficallanguages,likeinFilipine,SingaporeandIndia.IncountrylikeinIndia,wheresomanylanguageswerespoken,youcanseehowusingEnglishasanofficallanguagemakeiteasierforpeopletocommunicate.Thethirdreasontosupporttheglobalarguementisthateveryyearabout1billionpeoplestudyEnglish.Why?Whyaresomeofthereasons?P~,howaboutyou?P:Well,nowtostudy,andsomeday,Iwanttobeintheinternationalbusiness.That'sasolidreason,Howaboutyou?A~?A:I'mnotreallysure.Ijustthinkitwillhelpmeinthefuturesomehow.OK.Thereismoregeneralreason.ThepointispeoplewantandneedtolearnEnglishbecauseitoffersthemopportunities.Tosumup,Englishisusedeverydaybymanypeople.Peopleallovertheworldcomingcontactwitheachotherformanyreasons.Theneedacommonlanguage,alangugetofacilitatecommunication.BeingproficientinEnglishgivesomeoneanadvantageinthesesituations.OK,IhavegivenyoumanyexamplesofhowEnglishisusedinavarietyofsituations.Nevertheless,doesthismeanthatEnglishisagloballanguage?letslookatwhysomepeopledon'tbelieveEnglishhasreplacedotherlanguages.First,thereareabout3timesasmanypeoplewhospeakChineseastheirfirstlanguageasthosewhospeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage.Asinmanycoutries,wheresomepeopleuseEnglishforworkeachday,theydon'tuseEnlishanywhereelse.EveninanEnglishspeakingcountry,therearemillionsofpeoplewhoperfertospeakalanguageotherthanenglishathomewithfriendsoratwork.Second,Imentionedbefore,that75countrieshadEnglishastheiroffciallanguage.Thisdoesn'tmeanallorevenmostofthepeopleinthesecountriescanspeakEnglish.e.g,InIndia,most(s)agreethatonlyabout5%ofthepopulationspeakEnglish.That'sasmallpersentage.Third,howmuchEnglishdoesapersonneedtoknowtobecalledanEnglishspeaker?PeoplemaylearnsomeEnglishforspecificsituation,suchasthetaxidriverdImentionedealier.However,Ithinkyouwouldallagreewithmethatataxidriverwhoknowsafewphraseslike"whereareyougoing"or"whatisthenameofyourhotel"isn'treallyaproficientEnglishspeaker.Anotherexampleis,Airspeak,theEnglishthatisusedbyaircraftcontrollinpilots,apilotfromtheirlinesoraircraftcontrolneedtoknowairspeak,buttheymayonlylearnthewordstheyneedforthesejobs,andthereforetheycannotbeconsideredasEnglishspeakers.ThepointhereisthatpeopleallovertheworldmayuseEnglishforworkorothersituations,nevertheless,thisdoesn'tmeantheyarefluentinEnglish.Theystillusetheirfirstlanguagefordailycommunication,Englishisnottheirmainlanguage.So,whatdoesthisallmean?Ithinkit'ssafetosaythatEnglishwillcontinuetobethemainlanguageusedinmanyinternationalsettingsbecauseasIsaidearlier,peopleallovertheworldneedacommonlanguage.Andfornow,Englishisthatlanguage.ButEnglishwouldreplaceotherlanguagesformostdailycommunication,andthistomeiswhatagloballanguagereallyis.Onethatreplacesothersformosteverydaycommunication.Somepeopleareafraidofthis.TheyworrythataspeopleuseEnglishmoreandmore,theirabilityintheirfistlanguagewilldecline,IthinkpeoplewilluseEnglishalongwithotherlanguages.Wearemovingintoaglobalculture,andasthiscontinues,Ithinkpeoplefromnon-Englishspeakingcountrieswillwanttomaintaintheircultureincludingtheirfirstlanguage,theymaystillwanttolearnEnglish,butIdon'tseethemtogiveuptheirownlanguageforEnglish.Whatdoyouthink?I'mgonnastopthere.Iknowthat'salotofimformationtodigest.we'llcontinuetalkingaboutsomeofthediffrencesinEnglishwordsusedinvarycountriesinAustrilia,SingaporeandFilipine.Unit3HighAnxiety:Phobiasgoodafternoon!Todaywearegoingtoturntoanewtopicinpsychologyandstartlookingatsomespecificpsychologicalproblems.Thereareavarietyofmentleproblemsthatcanaffectusinourdailylifes.someareserious,likeafearofcats,orofinsects,othersaremoreserious.Now,asapsychologist,wetrytostudythisdifferentproblemsandfindwaystohelppeople.Iwanttostartthediscussionbytalkingaboutfailyverycommonpsychologicalproblem,aphobia.that'sP-H-O-B-I-A.First,I'llexplainwhatphobiaisandthenI'lltalkaboutsometheoriesonwhypeoplehavephobias.Asyouproboblyknow,aphobiaisafear.Sodoanyofyouhavephobias?Oh,comeon,youcantellme,I'mapsychologist.Yes,Monica.(M)Ihaveafearofswimming.Idon'tliketogoneartheocean.Ok.That'snotanusualphobia.Anyoneelse?Ali?(A)Ihatedogs.ImeanIjustunlikethem.WhenIseeabigdog,actuallyanydog,Ijustgetnervous,soIavoidthem.OK.that'sanothercommonphobia.Thanksforsharingthoseexamplesofphobias.Aphobiaisnotanormalfear,itisanextremefear,averystrongfear.e.g,mybrother,whoisasucessfulartist,hadcomputerphobia.hedidn'tsimplydislikeusingcomputers,heusedtohaveverystrongfearofusingthem.Psychologistjustcomeupwith3characteristicsofaphobia.Peopledisplaythese3characterisitics,iftheyhaveaphobia,notjustanormalfear.Now,first,aphobiaisnotarationalresponse.It'saverystrongreaction,toostrongforthesituation.formybrother,thismeanthehasverystrongphysicalreactionifsomeoneaskhimtouseacomputer.hestartedshakingviolated,hadtroublebreathing,onceheevenstartedchoking.Physicalrecationslikethisarecommon.Second,aphobiaoftenlastforalongtime,formonthsorevenyears.Inmybrother'scase,itlastsseveralyears.Third,thereactionistoostrongforapersontocontrol.e.g,evenmybrothertoldhimselftonottobeafraidofcomputer,itdidn'thelp.Hestillfeltveryafraid.Usually,peopleavoidwhateveritistheyareafraidof.so,inmybrother'scase,heaviodedusingacomputer.OK,sothosearethe3characteristicsofphobias.It'sanextremeunrationalresponse,it'slong-lasting,andit'suncontrollable.(M)so'uncontrollable'meansevenyoutrytocontrolit,youcan't?yes,itmeansyoucan'tcontrolitbytrytodenyyoufearofphobia.Therearewaystotreatphobias,andwewilltalkaboutitinaminute.Yes!(A)whathappenedtoyourbrother,didhegetoverofit?Yes,hedid.Themainthingwasthathedecidedthathewantedtogetoverit.andhewastreatedbyapsychologist.now,heusescomputersallthetime.OK.let'sspendaminutegoingoversomeclassificationsofphobias.Phobiasareclassifiedbythethingorsituationthatthepersonfears.GreekorLatinareusuallyusedtodescribethefears.hereareexamples:Hypno,H-Y-P-N-Omeanssleep,so,fearofsleepishypnophobia.cyno,C-Y-N-Omeansdog,soafearofdogiscynophobia,right?Hereisanotherexample,aerophobia,listentothefirstpart,aero,what'sthefear?aero,asinairplane,aerophobiaisfearflying.Letturnouttothecausesofphobias.Onetheoryisthatphobiaislearned.Thismeanssomethinghappensthatcausessomeoneorinasence,teachsomeonetofearafraid.e.g,Ali,couldhavelearntobeafraidofdogs,ifhewasattackedorinjuredbyadogwhenhewasachild.poeplecanalsolearnphobiasbywatchinghowotherpeoplereact.Infact,Ijustfindthatphobiastendtoruninfamilies.e.g,let'simagethatAli'smotherhasalwaysbeenafraidofdogs,wheneverAliandhismotherweretogetherandsoadog,hismothergotveryscared,verynervous,whenAlisawhowhismotherreacted,hewouldthengraduallybecameveryscared,too.Hewouldthen,havedevelopedcynophobiafromwatchinghismother.Soyoucanseethattherearetwowayslearningcanbeinvolvedinphobias.Sothe1sttheoryisthatphobiaislearnedeitherbydirectedexperiencesorbywatchingthereactionsofothers.The2ndtheorysaysthataphobiaisonlyasignofadeeperproblem.Thismeansthatthephobiaisn'tthewholeproblem.Let'stakeanotherexample,Ioncetreatedateenagewhowasveryafraidofdark,hecouldn'tbeinadarkroombyhimself,hewasterrifiedtogooutsideatnight,andsoon.Accordingtothistheory,whenheactedafraidofthedark,hewasreallyshowinghisfearofsthelse.Intheopyhereviewed,hewasafraidofhisfather.Hisfatherwasverystrictwashewasyoung,andoncehisfathermadehimsitinadarkroomwhenhedidsthbad.Accordingtothistheory,hisfearofdarkwasasignofthisdeeper,realfearofhisfather.Yes,question.(A)sowhatdidyoudo?didyoutalktohisfather?Well,no,wecouldn'tdothat.Butrecongnizingthathewasreallyafraidofhisfather,andnotthedark,wasthekey-stepofthetreatment.Nowheiscured,nomorefearofthedark.Ok,let'sthinkaboutthese2theories,andaboutthemaindifferencebetweenthem.The1sttheorysaysthatthephobiaistheproblemitself,right?Andthe2ndtheorysaysthephobiaisasignofdeeperproblemapersonhas.Whyisthedifferenceimportant?Themostimprotantindecidinghowtotreattheperson.Accordingtothe1sttheory,ifaphobiaislearned,perhaps,itcanbeunlearned.Apsychologistwhofollowthistheorywouldtrytoteachsomeonetoreactdifferentlytobehavedifferentlywhenheorshefeelsafraid.Changingtheperson'sbehavioristhegoal.Ontheotherhand,thepsychologistwhobelievesthe2ndtheorymaystartbytrytoteachthepersontoreactdifferently,butthedoctorwasintererstedinmorethanthat.Thedoctor'sobjectiveorgoalistohelpthepatientrevealthedeeperpsychologicalproblembecauseitwillbeeasiertotreatthephobiaifthedeeperproblemisidentifiedandworkdownaswell.Iwantyoutothinkforaminute,aboutthesignificanceofhavingthese2theoriesoranycompetiingthoeries.Whatisitmean?Ittellsusthatphychologistlikeanyscitisthavetocontinuetodoresearchtolearnandtotesttreatmentswebelievetoaffectbasedonresearch.Treatmentsimprovethemorewelearn.Unit4:TV-Whatwewatch?Goodmorning.WhowatchedTVlastnight?Ha,mostofyou.OK,todaywe'regoingtotalkaboutanimportantpartofthemedia-TV.Specifically,TVviewingandTVdramas.Now,first,I'llgiveyousomebackground,thenwe'lldiscusswhatmakethistypeofprogramming-dramassopopularworldwide?OK,let'sgetstarted.MostofyouwouldagreethatwatchingTVispartofmostpeople'slifes.Now,statisticvariesonhowmuchpeoplewatchTV,butresearchshowsthatquietafewAmericansonaverageexceed6hoursofTVperday.AnEnglishprofessornameCeceilaTichihasstudiedTVformanyyears.Inherbook"ElectronicHearth"creatinganAmericantelevisionculture,shediscusseshowtheTVhasbecomethecentreofactivityathome.Wewalktoaroom,turnontheTV,andsuddenly,theoutsideworldbecomeslessimportant.PeopleuseTVtotuneoutorforgetabouttheoutsideworld.WearesafetorelaxandjointheworldoftheTVshows.DoyoueverfeelthiswayaboutTV?Yes,manyofyouarenodding.ShealsoseemoutculturehasalsodefinedbyTV.Now,bythis,shemeansthatTVhasahugeinfluenceonourattitudesonwhatweliketoeat,onwhatweliketowearorwhatweliketotalkabout.E.g.,popularTVshowsarediscussedatwork,atschool,andcoffeeshops.Weevenchildren4or5yearsolddothiswiththeirfavoriteshows.ThisshowsthatwelivedinaTVculture.ImprovedtechnologyhascontributeditfurthertoourTVculture.SatellitesservicesinparticularhaveexpandedtheTVprograminmanypartsoftheworld.TherearenowhundredsofTVchannelspeoplecanwatch,andtheoptionscontinuetoexpand.Gameshows,sports,news,talkshows,comedies,TVdramas,movies,manwithcableandsatellite,therearealotofchoices.NielsenMediaResearchstudiedpeople'sTVviewerhabitsintheUS.Theymonitorwhichshowsarepopularandwithwhom.e.g.,popularshowshaveincludedthegameshow“WhowanttobeaMillionaire",andtherealityTVshow"Survivor",Theywereveryverypopularandwatchedbymillionsofpeopleofallagegroups.Now,allofthisisreallybackground.WhatIwanttofocusontodayisoneformofapopularTVshowthatispopularwithmanypeopleofmanyagegroups.ThisisTVdramas,specifically,TVdramasknownassoapoperasorinSpanishtelenovelas.Someofyoumightbefamiliarwithtelenovelas.TelenovelasandsoapoperaintheUSaresimilar,buthaveonebigdifference:thenumberofepisodestheyhave.TelenovelasandTVseriesendafterabout200episodes,thestoryeventuallyends.SoapoperasintheU.S.,however,continuedayafterdayformanyyearsandmayneverend.Forexample,theGuidinglighthasbeenonformorethan12,000episodesandonitgoes.Canyoubelievethatmorethan12,000episodes?SoapoperasstartedintheUnitedStatesin1959withtheshow"theGuidinglight".ThisTVshowswerecalledsoapoperasbecausethemainadvertiserswerecompaniesthatmadesoap.Thistypeofprogrammingispopularallovertheworld.Dozensofcountriesmaketheirownsoapoperashows.MexicansoapoperahasbeendevotedthemostpopularTVshowtheyearincountriessuchasKoreaandRussia.JapanesesoapoperasaresenttoBelgium.USsoapoperasarewatchedworldwide.TheLatternAmericansoapopera"Bettylow-fair"or"BettytheUgly"wasthehugesuccessintheUS.Braziliantelenovelasarethemostwidelydistributedtelevisionshowsintheworld,andhavebeenseeninmorethan100countries.Andtherearemanyotherexamples.Whatisitaboutthisshowsthatmakethempopulareverywhere?Andwhydopeoplefromverydifferentculturesallenjoyedwatchingthesamesoapopera?Well,thereareacoupleofreasons.OnereasonsuggestedbyRobertC.Allenwhohasdoneextensiveresearchontelevisionveiwingisthatmanysoapoperadealwithuniversalthingsthatpeopleallovertheworldunderstand.Themesaretopics,e.g.,family,love,personalstruggle,moneyproblems,marriageproblems,healthproblems,jobproblems.Viewersdidnotneedtoknowthecultureinordertounderstandthefamilyproblemsintheshow.Now,accordingtoE.Pillps,oneofthecreatorsofthe"GuidingLight",anotherreasonisthatpeopleidentifywiththecharacters.Theyfeelthecharactersarejustlikethem.Toquoteherfromaninterview,they,thesoapoperas,dealwithlifeasweknowit.Nowbythis,shemeansthefamilyinsoapoperasdealwithproblemsofeverydaylife.Andso,aspeoplewatcheveryday,dayafterday,aspecialbondorfeelingdevelopsbetweenthemandtheTVfamily.Thegettoknowthecharactersandtheirproblems.TheTVfamily'swelfarebecomesimportant.Thereisasenseofcommunityofsharingafamily.Allofthesethingscontributetocharacterloyalty.Ifanyofyouhavewatchedtheshowregularly,youknowwhatImean.Youwatchitbecauseyouident