大学英语六级分类模拟题447

大学英语六级分类模拟 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 447PartⅠReadingComprehensionIt'sTimetoPayAttentiontoSleep,theNewHealthFrontier  A.Yourdoctorcouldsoonbeprescribingcrucialsleepastreatmentforeverythingfromobesitytomentalhealthasexpertssaycarvingouttimeforsleepisjustasimportantasdietandexercise.  B.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithbrainandlungcancerin2011,LynnMitchell,68,wasaveragingaboutanhourofsolidsleepanight.Stressedabouthertreatments,shewaspayingforitinhoursoflostsleep.Thebraincancerwasalreadyaffectinghermobility—Mitchellwasoftendizzyandwouldloseherbalance—butthelackofsleepwasmakingthingsworse.Evenwalkingbecameincreasinglydifficult.Exhaustedinthemornings,shewaspracticallyincoherent.Whenherdoctorsrecommendedsheseeasleeptherapist,Mitchellwasrelievedathowbenignitsoundedincomparisontothechemotherapy(化疗)shehadundergone,whichhadsideeffectslikenauseaandfatigue.  C.Foraboutnineweeks,Mitchellworkedwiththesleeptherapisttoadjusthersleephabits.Shegotunderthecoversonlywhenshewasextremelytired.ShequitwatchingTVinbed.Shestoppeddrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeeintheevening.Shealsolearnedbreathingexercisestorelaxandhelpherdriftoff.Itwasallquitesimpleandcommonsense,and,mostimportantly,noninvasiveanddidn'trequirepoppinganypills.  D."It'scommonknowledgethatsleepisneededforday-to-dayfunction,"saysDr.DavidRapoport,directoroftheSleepMedicineProgramatNYUSchoolofMedicine."Whatisn'tcommonknowledgeisthatitreallymatters—it'snotjustcosmetic."Rapoporthaslongseenpeopleseeksleeptherapybecausethey'rechronicallytiredorsufferingfrominsomnia(失眠),butanincreasingnumberofpatientsarebeingreferredtohiscenterforcommondiseases,disorders,andmentalhealth.  E.Researchershaveknownforsometimethatsleepiscriticalforweightmaintenanceandhormonebalance.Andtoolittlesleepislinkedtoeverythingfromdiabetestoheartdiseasetodepression.Recently,theresearchonsleephasbeenoverwhelming,withmountingevidencethatitplaysaroleinnearlyeveryaspectofhealth.Beyondchronicillnesses,achild'sbehavioralproblemsatschoolcouldberootedinmildsleepapnea(睡眠呼吸中止症).AndstudieshaveshownchildrenwithADHD(注意力缺损多动障碍)aremorelikelytogetinsufficientsleep.ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalSLEEPfoundalinkbetweenoldermenwithpoorsleepqualityandcognitivedecline.Anotherstudyoutthisweekshowssleepisessentialinearlychildhoodfordevelopment,learning,andtheformationandretentionofmemories.Dr.AllanRechtschaffen,apioneerofsleepresearchattheUniversityofChicago,oncesaid,"Ifsleepdoesnotserveanabsolutelyvitalfunction,thenitisthebiggestmistaketheevolutionaryprocessevermade."  F.Buttomanyofus,sleepiseasilysacrificed,especiallysincelackofitisn'tseenaslifethreatening.Overtime,sleepdeprivationcanhaveseriousconsequences,butwemostlysacrificeanightofsleephereandthere,andalwayssaythatwe'll"catchup".Luckily,itispossibletomakeupforsleepdebt(thoughitcantakeaverylongtime),butmostAmericansarestillchronicallysleepdeprived.  G.Whiledietandexercisehavebeenapartofpublichealthmessagingfordecades,doctorsandhealthadvocatesarenowbeginningtoarguethatgettingqualitysleepmaybejustasimportantforoverallhealth."Sleepisprobablyeasiertochangethandietorexercise,"saysDr.MichaelGrandner,asleepresearcherattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itmayalsogiveyoumoreofanimmediaterewardifithelpsyougetthroughyourday."Andwhilethere'smoreevidencelinkingdietandexerciseasinfluentialhealthfactors,sleepisprobablymoreimportantintermsofbrainandhormonalfunction,Grandnersays."Amongasmallgroupofsleepresearchers,ifitisalwaysbeensaidthateating,exercise,andsleeparethethreepillarsofhealth,"saysDr.Rapoport.  H.Inourincreasinglyprofessionalanddigitallives,wheretherearenowmorethingsthanevercompetingforthehornsinourday,carvingouttimeforsleepisnotonlyincreasinglydifficult,butalsomorenecessary.Usingtechnologybeforebedstimulatesusandinterfereswithoursleep,yet95%ofAmericansusesometypeofelectronicslikeacomputer,TV,orcellphoneatleastafewnightsaweekwithinthehourbeforewegotobed,accordingtoa2011NationalSleepFoundationsurvey."Manydoctors,lawyers,andexecutivesstayuplateandgetupearlyandburnthecandleatbothends,"saysDr.RichardLang,chairofPreventativeMedicineattheClevelandClinic."Makingsuretheypayattentiontosleepinthesamewaytheypayattentiontodietandexerciseiscrucial."  I.Tosome,sleephasbecomeapowerfulmedicinetomentalhealth.AriannaHuffington,presidentandeditor-in-chiefoftheHuffingtonPostMediaGroup,advocatesthatsleepisthesecrettosuccess,happiness,andpeakperformance.Afterpassingoutafewyearsagofromexhaustionandcrackingacheekbone(颧骨)againstherdesk,Huffingtonhasbecomesomethingofasleeppromoter.Ina2010TEDWomenconference,Huffingtonsaid,"Thewaytoamoreproductive,moreinspired,morejoyfullifeisgettingenoughsleep."Researchlinkinghigh-qualitysleepwithbettermentalhealthisgrowing;a2013studyfoundthattreatingdepressedpatientsforinsomniacandoubletheirlikelihoodofovercomingthedisorder.  J.While70%ofphysiciansagreethatinadequatesleepisamajorhealthproblem,only43%counseltheirpatientsonthebenefitsofadequatesleep.Butthere'sgrowingpressureonprimarycarephysicianstoaddress,andevenprescribe,sleepduringroutinecheck-ups.InarecentstudypublishedinthejournalTheLancetDiabetes&Endocrinology,theresearchersconcludedthathealthprofessionalsshouldprescribesleeptopreventandtreatmetabolicdisorderslikeobesityanddiabetes.Andoverlookingsleepasamajorhealthissuecanalsohavedeadlyconsequences.ItwasrecentlyreportedthattheoperatoroftheMetro-NorthtrainthatderailedinNewYorklastyear,killingfourpeopleandinjuringmorethan70,hadanundiagnosedcaseofsleepapnea.  K.Sleeptherapiescanrangefromsimplylearningnewlifestylebehaviorstopromotesleep,tofiguringouthowtopositiononeselfinbed.Moredrasticmeasuresinvolvesurgerytoopenupanairwaypassageforpeoplesufferingfromdisorderslikesleepapnea.Sleepingpillscanbeprescribedtoo,togetmuchneededrest,butsleeptherapiststendtofavorotherapproachesbecauseofpossibledependenciesdeveloping.  L.Alargepartofreapingthebenefitsofsleepisknownwhenyou'renotgettingtherightamount.Accordingtoa2013Gallupsurvey,40%ofAmericansgetlessthantherecommendedseventoeighthoursanight.Whilethetypicalpersonstilllogsabout6-8hoursofsleeppernight,that'sadropfromthe7.9Americansweregettinginthe1940s.  M.Whenitcomestoadequatesleep,it'smuchmorepersonalizedthanpreviouslythought.Somepeoplefeelgreatonfivehoursofrest,whileothersneedten.Thebestwaytodetermineifyou'regettingtherightamount,doctorssay,istofindouthowmanyhoursofsleepyouneedtobeabletowakeupwithoutanalarmandfeelrested,refreshed,andenergeticthroughouttheday.  N.Sincereforminghersleephabits,Mitchellhasbeenclockinguptosevenhoursofsleepanightforthepasttwomonths."I'malertinthemorning,mybalanceisbetter,andIfeelpeppier,"saysMitchell.Gettingenoughsleephashelpedherbetterdealwithhercancers,anditssymptoms.Thebestnewsisthatsherecentlyfoundoutthatherbraintumorisshrinking,andtherearefewercancerousspotsonherlungs.1、Anewstudyfoundthatpoorsleepqualitycouldleadtosignificantcognitivedeclineinoldermen.2、Accordingtoasleepresearcher,it'seasiertochangeyoursleephabitsthantochangeyourdietorexercise.3、Gettingagoodnight'ssleepisimportantformaintainingmentalhealthandenhancesthetreatmentofthedepressedpatientswithinsomnia.4、It'sconcludedthatbettersleepshouldbeprescribedtotreatmetabolicdisorderssuchasobesity.5、Manypeoplesacrificesleepfortheotherprioritiesintheirlife,whichissimplynotgoodfortheirlong-termhealth.6、Sleeptherapyisincreasinglyrecommendedforthetreatmentofcommonillnesses,disordersandmentalhealth.7、Someofthecommonsleeptherapiesincludelifestyleadvice,sleepingpositionadjustment,surgeryandmedication,etc.8、Theamountofadequatesleepvariesamongindividuals,whichisalittledifferentfrompreviousthought.9、Theuseofsomeelectronicdevicesbeforebedtimeisassociatedwithtakinglongertofallasleepanddisruptssleep.10、Acancerpatienthasnotonlyfoundherselfmorerefreshedbuthertumorsdecreasedaftermodifyinghersleephabits.PartⅡTranslation11、兰花  梅(plumblossom)、兰(orchid)、竹、菊(chrysanthemum)，素有“四君子”之称。作为人格品性的文化象征，梅、兰、竹、菊意义各不相同。兰花的特点是幽雅而芳香，被誉为“空谷佳人”。兰花野生自长，洁身自好，独拒严霜，生于深山幽谷之中，不骄不媚(obsequious)，气质超凡脱俗，古人常用来形容自甘淡泊之美人、穷困自爱之隐士(recluse)、修道立德之君子。兰花形态贤淑，花香幽远，被誉为“香祖”，因其是色、香、姿三者兼备的稀世之花，人们更将它视为完美人格的体现。12、中国人为什么要修长城?在秦始皇时代，每20个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。中国人经历了无数次毁灭性的战争，他们深知，保护生灵的城墙总比掩埋尸体的壕沟(trench)好。修建长城有说不尽的艰辛，甚至不少人还因此付出了生命。但与惨烈的战争相比，人们更愿意选择前者。长城在中国历史上发挥的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器时代，长城在军事防御上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所谓的“马背上的进攻”方面，效果是明显的。13、中国的民族  中国是一个统一的多民族国家，共有56个民族，人数最多的民族是汉族，得名于中国历史上的汉朝。汉族主要生活在黄河流域，这里是中华文明的发源地。如今，汉族人遍布中国各地，但主要分布在黄河流域、长江流域、珠江流域和东北的松辽平原一带。因为中国的人口大部分为汉族，所以其他55个民族便习惯上被称为“少数民族”。14、指南针  指南针的发明促进了中国人的航海事业。中国人结合对潮汐、季风(monsoon)等的观察，在航海中创造了一套实用性很强的导航技术。正是凭借这样的导航技术，才出现了像郑和下西洋那样的海上壮举，将中国人的航海事业推进到了一个新时代。就世界范围来说，指南针在航海上的应用促成了以后哥伦布对美洲大陆的发现和麦哲伦(Magellan)的环球航行。这加速了世界经济发展的进程，为资本主义(capitalism)的发展提供了必不可少的前提(precondition)。15、祖冲之，南北朝时期杰出的数学家、天文学家(astronaut)。祖冲之从小兴趣广泛，对天文、数学和机械制造尤为感兴趣。在数学家刘徽研究的基础上，经过上千次的运算，祖冲之推论出圆周率值(thevalueofthepi)在3.1415926与3.1415927之间。祖冲之计算得出的圆周率值比西方数学早了1000多年。此外，他还与儿子一起，推算出球体体积的公式。祖冲之父子的数学研究成果汇集在《缀书》一书中。除了数学上的成就，祖冲之还对天文和机械制造做出了突出的贡献。16、唐代是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，产生了许多著名的诗人和诗作。时至今日，有超过5万首唐诗和2000多位唐代诗人为人们所熟知。其中，唐代最著名的诗人是李白和杜甫。李白生性无拘无束，才华横溢，他创作了大量赞美祖国大好河山的诗篇。杜甫年轻时坎坷的生活经历，使他更好地了解了社会的黑暗和人民的困苦。最流行的唐诗作品集或许是由清朝的学者孙洙编著的《唐诗三百首》(300TangPoems)。唐诗一直在影响着世界文学和现代诗歌。17、阿里巴巴  马云(JackMa)是阿里巴巴(Alibaba)集团的创始人之一和董事会主席。十五年前，在他的公寓里，十八位创始人有了一个梦，那就是，在某一天能够创立一个为成千上万小企业主服务的公司，让天下没有难做的生意。阿里巴巴搭建的生态系统能够帮助商家和客户找到彼此，并且按照他们独特的需求方式来开展业务。阿里巴巴帮助这些生意人成长，创造出前所未有的工作机会，开拓出崭新的市场。如今，十五年过去了，阿里巴巴在中国已经成为一个家喻户晓的名字。18、“城镇化”(cityandtown-rization)一词的出现很显然要晚于“城市化”，这是中国学者创造的一个新词。很多学者主张使用“城镇化”一词。它是指中国农村人口转化为城镇人口的过程。中国城镇化速度的加快，反映出中国经济水平的提高，但这一过程同样引发了许多社会问题，如农村耕地被非法征用(illegalexpropriation)，农民工进城安置不当，留守儿童(left-behindchildren)得不到应有照顾，城市交通拥堵，生态环境恶化，城市运营成本高昂等问题。有效处理这些问题有助于中国城镇化进程的良性发展。19、泰山石敢当  在住宅或村落周边、桥梁道路等处树立泰山石敢当(Shi-gan-dang)的习俗，在我国具有悠久的历史。“石敢当”一词在汉代就已经出现。到了宋朝，“泰山石敢当”一词出现。明清时期，在住宅或村落周围放置泰山石敢当的习俗已经遍布大江南北，并传播到海外汉文化圈。这种空间分布的广阔性是中国民间信仰中其他信仰习俗无法比拟的。2006年，泰山石敢当被列为国家首批非物质文化遗产，流传了上千年的泰山石敢当信仰习俗成为受到国家重点保护的非物质文化遗产。20、诸葛亮  诸葛亮(公元181年～234年)，字孔明，三国时期(theThreeKingdomsPeriod)蜀国(theKingdomofShu)丞相。他常被认为是那个时代中最伟大、最有成就的战略家，并常被拿来和中国古代的另一位伟大的战略家孙子(SunTzu)相提并论。诸葛亮常被描绘成身着长袍、手拿鹅毛扇的形象。他不仅是著名的军事战略家、政治家，也是颇有成就的学者和发明家。诸葛亮的名字，甚至他的姓氏“诸葛”，这个在中国并不常见的姓氏，都已成为中国文化中聪慧和智谋的代名词。 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :PartⅠReadingComprehension1、[解析]由题干关键词poorsleepquality，cognitivedecline和oldermen定位到E段。  由定位句可知，最近发表在《睡眠》期刊上的一项研究发现，老年人睡眠不足和其认知能力下降有关。题干中的leadto对应原文中的alinkbetween...and...，故答案为E。2、[解析]由题干关键词sleepresearcher和dietorexercise定位到G段。  由定位句可知，宾夕法尼亚大学睡眠研究员迈克尔·格兰德纳博士认为，改变睡眠习惯要比改变饮食和运动习惯容易多了。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为G。3、[解析]由题干关键词mentalhealth和depressedpatientswithinsomnia定位到I段。  由定位句可知，越来越多的研究表明健康的心理与高质量的睡眠有关。2013年的一项研究发现，通过充足的睡眠来治疗抑郁症患者的失眠情况，其治愈的可能性会翻一番。题干中的enhancesthetreatmentof对应原文中的doubletheirlikelihoodofovercomingthedisorder，故答案为I。4、[解析]由题干关键词metabolicdisorders和obesity定位到J段。  由定位句可知，最近发表在《柳叶刀糖尿病及内分泌》期刊上的一项研究中，研究人员得出结论认为，健康专业人员应在处方中规定人们要好好睡觉，以此预防和治疗如肥胖和糖尿病等代谢性疾病。题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为J。5、[解析]由题干关键词sacrificesleep定位到F段。  由定位句可知，大多数人都会轻易地牺牲掉睡眠，主要是由于睡少了不会对生命造成威胁。长此以往，缺乏睡眠会造成严重的后果。题干中的long-term对应原文中的Overtime，故答案为F。6、[解析]由题干关键词Sleeptherapy及disordersandmentalhealth定位到D段。  由定位句可知，如今越来越多患有普通疾病、紊乱或心理健康疾病的人向大卫·拉波波特寻求睡眠疗法。题干中的is...recommended对应原文中的beingreferredto，故答案为D。7、[解析]由题干关键词sleeptherapies，sleepingposition和surgery定位到K段。  由K段可知，睡眠治疗的范围很广，涵盖了从简单地学习新的生活方式以改善睡眠到找出正确的入睡姿势。对于那些患有睡眠呼吸中止症等睡眠紊乱的人而言，医生会采取一些更为激烈的措施，比如通过手术给他们打开一条呼吸通道。医生还可能开一些安眠药使病人得到充足的休息。题干是对该段的概括和 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ，故答案为K。8、[解析]由题干关键词adequatesleep定位到M段。  由定位句可知，充足的睡眠时间要比之前人们所认为的更具有个人特质。题干中的variesamongindividuals对应原文中的personalized，故答案为M。9、[解析]由题干关键词electronicdevices和disrupts定位到原文画线处。由定位句可知，2011年国家睡眠协会调查表明，睡前使用电子设备会刺激我们并影响睡眠，但95%的美国人每周都有几天在睡前使用电脑、电视、手机等各种电子设备的习惯，而且一用就是好几个小时，然后才去睡觉。题干中的takinglongertofallasleep对应原文中的stimulates；disrupts对应原文中的interfereswith，故答案为H。10、[解析]由题干关键词cancerpatient和sleephabits定位到N段。  N段提到，米歇尔自从改变睡眠习惯以来，在过去的两个月每晚最多能睡7小时，她说道，“我早上十分清醒，平衡性好了许多，而且精力充沛。”充足的睡眠使她能更好地对抗癌症和其症状。最好的消息是，近来她发现她的脑部肿瘤正在萎缩，肺部的癌细胞点也不断减少。题干中的A项的cancerpatient指的是Mitchell，题干是对定位段的概述和总结，故答案为N。PartⅡTranslation11、Plumblossom,orchid,bambooandchrysanthemumaretraditionallypraisedas"thefourgentlemen".Astheculturalsymbolofpersonality,thefourplantssymbolizedifferentideas.Sereneandfragrant,theorchidisoftendescribedas"thebeautyinthevalley".Livinginthewildalone,theorchidpreservesitspurityanddefiesseverefrost.Itgrowsquietlyinthedeepmountainsandvalleys,soitisusuallyportrayedasexaltedinspiritandnobleinmind,neitherarrogantnorobsequious,andtheancientpeopleoftencomparedtheorchidto"abeautyacceptingasimplelifewillingly""apoorrecluselivingwithdignity",and"agentlemancultivatinghisspirituallifeandsettinghighmoralvalues".Gracefulandfragrant,theorchidishonoredas"theancestoroffragrance".Sinceitisarareflowerwithfinecolor,pleasantfragranceanddelicateshape,theorchidiswidelyregardedasasymbolofperfectpersonality.　　12、WhydidtheChinesebuildtheGreatWall?DuringthereignoftheFirstEmperorofQin,oneoutofevery20peopletookpartintheproject.Sufferingfromthedevastatingdamageofwars,Chinesepeoplerealizedthatbuildingawalltoprotectliveswasbetterthanburyingthedeadintrenches.Buildingwallswasextremelyhardlabor,sometimesevenatthecostoflifeitself.Comparedwithbloodywars,however,peoplewouldratherchoosetheformer.TheGreatWallplayedasignificantroleinhistory.Itcertainlyservedthepurposeofmilitarydefenseintheageofcoldsteel,especiallyinpreventingattacksfromnorthernpeoplesonhorseback.　　13、Chinaisaunified,multinationalcountrywith56ethnicgroups.ThelargestethnicgroupinChinaistheHannationality,namedaftertheHanDynastyinChinesehistory.TheHannationalityisanindigenousgroupthathasmadeitshomeintheYellowRiverbasinwhichisthecradleoftheChinesecivilization.NowpeopleoftheHannationalityarefoundinallpartsofthecountry,butmainlyintheYellowRiver,YangtzeRiverandPearlRiverbasinsandtheSongliaoPlainoftheNortheast.AsthemajorityoftheChinesepopulationisoftheHanethnicgroup,theother55ethnicgroupsarecustomarilyreferredtoastheethnicminorities.　　14、TheinventionofcompasspromotedChinesenavigation.Combiningtheobservationoftideandmonsoon,Chinesepeoplecreatedasetofpracticalnavigationtechnologiesintheirsailing.ItwaswithsuchnavigationtechnologiesthatthefeatofZhengHe'svoyagetotheWestSeaswouldhappen,whichpromotedChinesenavigationtoanewera.Intherangeoftheworld,theapplicationofcompassinsailingfacilitatedColumbus'discoveryofAmericanContinentandMagellan'svoyagearoundtheworldafterwards,acceleratingthedevelopmentofglobaleconomyandprovidinganecessarypreconditionforthedevelopmentofcapitalism.[解析]1．第二句中的“结合对潮汐、季风等的观察”为次要信息，“在航海中创造了一套实用性很强的导航技术”为主要信息，所以可将前者译作现在分词短语作状语。  2．第三句中的“郑和下西洋”可译作ZhengHe'svoyagetotheWestSeas。  3．第四句中的“促成”可译作facilitated或contributedto。  4．最后一句可与第四句合并，作第四句的结果状语，用来说明哥伦布发现新大陆和麦哲伦环球航行的影响。15、ZuChongzhiwasaprominentmathematicianandastronomerduringtheSouthernandNortherndynasties.Whenhewasyoung,hehadabroadrangeofinterests,especiallyin.mathematics,astronomyandmachinery.BasedontheearlierresearchofmathematicianLiuHui,heconcludedthatthevalueofpifallsamong3.1415926to3.1415926aftermorethanathousandtimesofcalculation.Thevalueofpihehadcalculatedwasmorethan1,000yearsaheadofthewesternmathematics.Apartfromthat,healsodeducedtheformulaforthevolumeofaspherewithhisson.ThemathematicalaccomplishmentsofZuChongzhiandhissonweregatheredinthebookZhuiShu.Besidestheachievementsinmathematics,healsomadegreatcontributionstotheastronomyandmachinery.　　16、TheTangDynastywasthe(1)peakofChineseclassicalpoetryandmany(2)distinguishedpoetsandpoetryappearedduringthisperiodoflessthan300years.(3)Uptillnow,over50,000poemsand2,000poetsoftheTangDynastyhavebeenwell-knownamongpeople.Thebest-knownpoetsduringtheTangDynastyareLiBaiandDuFu.(4)Beingindependentand(5)fulloftalent,LiBaicreatedagreatmanypoemstopraisethe(6)wonderfulmountainsandbrilliantrivers.DuFu'sroughexperienceswhenhewasyoungmadehimknowbetterabout(7)thedarknessofsocietyandthepeople'ssufferings.ThemostpopularTangpoemscollectionmightbethe300TangPoemscompiledbythescholarSunZhuoftheQingDynasty.Tangpoetry(8)hashadanongoinginfluenceonworldliteratureandmodempoetry.[解析](1)“鼎盛时期”可译为peak，意为“顶峰，顶点”。  (2)“著名的”可译为distinguished，比famous更好。  (3)“时至今日”可译为“uptillnow”。  (4)“无拘无束”可译为beindependent，它有“不愿受约束的，向往自由的”之意。  (5)“才华横溢”可译为fulloftalent。  (6)“大好河山”可译为wonderfulmountainsandbrilliantrivers。  (7)“社会的黑暗和人民的困苦”可译为thedarknessofsocietyandthepeople'ssufferings。  (8)“一直在影响着……”可译为haveanongoinginfluenceon...。17、JackMaisoneofthefoundersandthechairmanofAlibabaGroup.15yearsago,18foundersinJackMa'sapartmenthadadream,thatis,somedaytheycanbuildupacompanythatcanservemillionsofsmallbusinesses,andmakeiteasytodobusinessanywhere.Alibaba'secosystemcanhelpmerchantsandcustomersfindeachotherandconductbusinessontheirowntermsandinwaysthatbestservetheiruniqueneeds.Alibabahelpsthesemerchantstogrowandcreatesnewjobsandmarketsinwaysthatwereneverbeforepossible.Today,15yearspassed,andAlibabahasgrownsignificantlyandbecomeahouseholdnameinChina.　　18、Theterm"cityandtown-rization"appearedlaterthan"urbanization"obviously.ItisanewtermcreatedbyChinesescholars;manyofthemhaveadvocatedtheuseoftheterm"cityandtown-rization".Itreferstotheprocessoftransformingtheruralpopulationintothecityortownpopulation.Theaccelerationofthecityandtown-rizationhasreflectedtheriseoftheeconomiclevelofChina.However,thisprocesshasalsogivenrisetomanysocialproblems,suchastheillegalexpropriationoffarmland,theimproperplacementofmigrantworkersincitiesandtheinadequatecarefortheirleft-behindchildren,theurbantrafficcongestion,thedeteriorationofecologicalenvironment,thehighcostofcityoperation,etc.Itisconducivetothefavorabledevelopmentofthecityandtown-rizationinChinatodealwiththeseproblemseffectively.　　19、ThetraditionoferectingTaishanShi-gan-dangaroundthehouses,villages,bridgesorroadshasalonghistoryinChina.Theword"Shi-gan-dang"firstappearedinHanDynasty.UntilSongDynasty,theword"TaishanShi-gan-dang"cameout.Ithadbeenspreadalloverthecountrytosetup"TaishanShi-gan-dang"aroundthehousesorvillagesinMingandQingDynasties.What'smore,thiscustomhasalsobeenspreadtotheChineseculturalcirclesoverseas.NootherChinesefolk-beliefscancomparewithitconsideringitswideness.TaishanShi-gan-dangwaslistedamongthefirstbatchofnationalintangibleculturalheritagein2006.Nowthisthousand-year-oldbeliefhasbeenprotectedasimportantintangibleculturalheritage.　　20、ZhugeLiang  ZhugeLiang(A.D.181-A.D.234),alsonamedKongming,wastheprimeministeroftheKingdomofShuduringtheThreeKingdomsPeriod.HeisoftenrecognizedasthegreatestandmostaccomplishedstrategistofhiseraandcomparabletoanothergreatancientChinesestrategistSunTzu.Oftendepictedaswearingarobeandholdingafanmadeofgoosefeather,ZhugeLiangwasnotonlyafamousmilitarystrategistandstatesman,butalsoasuccessfulscholarandinventor.Hisname,andhissurname"Zhuge",whichisnotcommonlyseeninChina,hasbecomeasynonymforwisdomandresourcefulnessinChineseculture.