工程造价外文文献

毕业设计外文文献翻译 院系： 土木工程与建筑系 年级专业： 08级工程管理 姓名： 陈铃花 学号： 0809012141 附件： Onthewholeprocessofconstructionprojectcostcontrol 指导老师评语：指导教师签名：年月日Onthewholeprocessofconstructionprojectcostcontrol【Abstract】:Thisarticlemainlyintroducedtheengineeringprojectcostcontrolthroughoutthewholeprocessofprojectimplementation,includingprojectdecision-making,projectdesign,projectbidding,projectconstructionandcompletionofthesettlementthisfivestages.【Keywords】:Project,theconstructioncost,engineering,project,construction,projectcostEngineeringprojectcostcontrolthroughoutthewholeprocessofprojectimplementation,includingprojectdecision-making,projectdesign,projectbidding,projectconstructionandcompletionofthesettlementthisfivestages.Accordingtothestatisticsshowthat,intheprojectdecision-makingstageanddesignstage,andtheinfluenceofconstructionprojectcostisa40%chance-75%;andinconstructionstage,influencethepossibilityofconstructionprojectcostisonly5%-25%.Obviously,controlthecostofthekeylinkisintheprojectimplementationofdecision-makinganddesignstagebefore.Andfromastageprogramspeaking,constructionmanagementcanplayadecisiverole.Tocontroltheengineeringcostisinthedesignphase,projectdecisionstage,stageofconstruction,projectbidding,completedthestageofthesettlementconstructionengineeringcostincurredamountofcontrolintheapprovalwithinthelimit,andcorrectthedeviationofatanytime,ensuredivisionbreakdowntheirinvestmentgoaltherealization,togetthebesteconomicbenefitandsocialbenefit.1wholeprocesscostcontroleachphaseofthebasicsituationThewholeprocessofconstructionprojectcostcontrolcanbedividedintothefollowingbasicallyfivestages:1.1constructionprojectcostcontroldecision-makingstageProjectinvestmentdecisionischoiceanddecidedtoinvestactionprocess,isaimingprojectonthenecessityandfeasibilityoftechnicalandeconomictheauthentication,correctdecision-makingisreasonableandthepremisetocontroltheengineeringcost,includingfeasibilitystudy,investmentestimation,financialfoundationestimatesandevaluationdata.Projectinvestmentdecisionstagecostcontrolandmanagementofthekeyis:1)Completestheprojectdecision-makingbeforepreparation.Comprehensivecollectinghavematerial,includingequipmentoperation,equipmenttechnicalparameters,theconstructionmarketdynamicandotherrelatedcontentoftheoriginalrecordsandinformation.Todothescientificresearchworkandthenfindoutneedemphasizestosolvetheproblems.2)todoaprojectproposalandfeasibilitystudiesreports.Mustaccordingtothemarketdemandanddevelopmentprospects,reasonablydeterminethescaleoftheprojectandconstructionstandards.Twoapplicationsshouldbestrongconvictionandfeasibility.Inthefightforearlyprojectatthesametime,shouldbecompletedassoonaspossibleofthefeasibilitystudy.3)sciencetodeveloptheconstructionprojectsofbenefitanalysisofactivitiesofinvestmentestimateandwork.Thepreparationofinvestmentestimatetohavethebasis,tobeascarefulaspossibleandreasonable.Fromreality,fullconsiderationtoduringtheprojectthatmayariseduringtheprocessofallkindsofaccidentsandunfavorablefactors,aswellastheircostoftheprojectmayproducenegativeeffects,wanttoconsiderthemarketsituationandconstructionofthereservepriceduringthefloatingcoefficient,likethiscanmaketheinvestmentbasicallyaccordwiththeactualandleaveroom,maketheinvestmentestimatereallyplaytheroleofcontrolthetotalinvestmentintheproject.1.2projectcostcontroldesignstageThegovernmentinaccordancewiththeexaminationandapprovalaccordingtoregulation,designinstituteofprofessionalelaboratedesign,thestrictcontrolofcostengineers,theengineeringconstructioncostcontroldesignstage"trinity"optimalcombination.Theconstructionprojectdesignisbyplanstorealitydecisivesignificanceoftheworkphase,designworkisoneoftheimportantprinciplestoensurethatthedesignintegrity,designedforthisworkincludethedesignevaluationandcomparison,thedesignschemeoptimizationdesignbudgetaryestimate,thecompilingandexamination,thelistofquantitiesandcontrolthecompilingandpricereview.1)Reasonablefunctionorientationandreliabledesignquality,meetthenationalstandards,meettheprojectfunctionrequirement,thisisthequalityofthedesignofthefourbasicrequirements.Thefunctionoftheconstructionprojectpositioning,firstmustdowithnationalconditions,reflectthenationalstrength.Atthesametime,theengineeringdesignmustmeettheconstructionprocedureineachstageofdepthrequirements,avoidandprevent"Sanchez"(budgetexceedstheestimation,thebudgetexceedsthebudgetestimates,thesettlement)takesplace.2)Optimizingdesignscheme,effectivecontroloftheprojectcost.Thedesignphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolandmanagementisnotasimpledesigninstituteworkcontent,theconstructionunitshouldalsoactivelycooperate,havepriorcontrolandactivemanagementrole.Theconstructionunitinthereviewofthedesignunitdesigndocuments,firstofalltheattentiontotheoptimizationofdesignschemesof,shouldbebasedonallkindsofindexandmaterialtothetotalplanedesign,constructionspaceandplanedesignforanalysis.Thetwoanalysisofthecostoftheprojectwillnotonly,amajorimpactonconstructionandoperationandtheproduction,managementhaveagreatimpact,butalsoforconstructionandoperationoftheproduction,managementhassignificantcorrelation.Inthechoiceoftechnologysolutions,weshouldpersistinChinafromtheactualconditionsof,inordertoimprovethebenefitofinvestmentforthepremise,activelyandsteadilyintroducingadvancedandreasonabletechnicalschemeandmaturenewtechnology,newtechnology.3)Executeslimitationforengineeringdesign.Toeffectivelycontroltheconstructioncost,shouldbeinthedesignprocessofthequotadesignway.Theso-calledquotadesigninaccordancewithapprovedreliabilityisinthestudy,investmentestimationforeheaddesignandconstructiondesign,andtoguaranteetheusefunction,underthepremiseofaccordingtothedistributionofafterthinninginvestmentquotacontrol,professionaldesign,totrytostopnotreasonabletochange,inordertoensurethatthetotalinvestmentisnotabreakthrough.Decompositionoftotalinvestmentandprojectisatotalofquotadesignandeffectivewaysandmainmethod,itisthedesignstageoftheexaminationwillbeinvestmentanddecomposingthequantityofeachprofessional,andthenafterthinningthedecompositiontoeachunitengineeringandthedivisionofengineering,throughthelayersofdecompositiontorealizetotheinvestmentquotacontrolandmanagement,butalsotoachievetodesignspecifications,designstandards,engineeringquantityandprojectbudgetindex,andotheraspectsofthemanagementandcontrol.Preliminarydesignmustbeinthefeasibilitystudystageofinvestmentestimateapprovalforthebottomline,andthroughthelimitationofthewaytocontrolbudgetnotmorethantheinvestmentestimate,thefocusisonthequantitiesandequipment,materialcontrol.Sotheamountofquotadesignandshallbeinthefeasibilitystudystageofdesignprojectexaminationandequipment,materialstandardasthebasisforafeasibilitystudystagecannotbedeterminedpreliminarilyconcludedthatforcertainquantity.Forthedesign,eachprofessionaldesignpersonnelshouldconscientiouslystrengthenprojectcostconsciousness,andstrictlyaccordingtothelimitthedecompositionofthedesigntocontroltheprojectinvestment,toensurethatthedesignaccordingtothelimitinthedecompositionoftheinvestmenttocontroltheproject,tosecuretheusefunction,underthepremiseofengineeringcostandefforttocontrolprojectinthelimitof.Toencourageandpromotedesignpersonnelwelldesignschemeselection,shouldintroduceacompetitivemechanismandimplementbiddingforthedesign,makethedesignunitsanddesignpersonnelincreasemarketcompetitionconsciousness,tryourbesttomakeadesignschememoreattainperfect.1.3projecttenderingandbiddingandsignacontractstageAnalysisofthespecificconditionsoftheconstructionproject,andaccordingtothequantitiesbillvaluationmethod,nineministriestostandardpreparethetenderdocumentsinthetenderdocuments.Throughthebidopeningbidassessment,votedforaisabletosatisfythetenderdocuments,theprovisionsofthecomprehensiveevaluationstandard,2itisabletomeettherequirementsofthetenderdocumentsandsubstantialaftertheappraisalbidsthelowestprice,butthebidpricebelowthecostofexceptthewinningbidder.Thewinningbidderisdetermined;thebid-winningnoticeissuedinaccordancewithlaw,andinaccordancewiththetenderdocumentsandthebiddocumentsofthewinningbidderconcludesacontractinwriting.1)Thetenderdocumentstothelistofquantitiesofprogramming.Thelistofquantitiesbytheconstructionbidding,itistopointtobythebidinvitationunittoprovideauniformbiddingdocuments(includingthequantitiesbill),biddingunitbasedonthis,accordingtothetenderdocumentstothelistofquantitiesandtherelevantrequirements,theconstructionandtheactualsituationoftheworkedtheconstructionorganizationdesign,accordingtotheenterprisequotaorrefertothecompetentadministrativedepartmentofconstructionofthecurrentconsumptionquotareleasedandcostmanagementagenciesreleasedtothemarketpriceofbidpricequotationinformation,andthebidinvitationunitselectedaccordingtotheprocessofthewinningbidder.2)tothelistofquantitiesoflawbaseprice.Thelistofquantitiesoffloorpriceunderstandardshallbeinstrictaccordancewiththe"standard"topreparetothelistofquantitiesofengineeringquantityareandcomprehensiveprojectcontent,accordingtothemarketprice.Detailedlistofengineeringquantityofengineeringquantityandwroteoutthecomprehensiveprojectcontentmaynotbealtered,fluctuation,mustbekeptandthebiddingunitpricingtheunityofthecaliber.Ifthelistofquantitiesandpreparethetenderofbasepriceisnotsameunit,shouldpayattentiontoreleasethelistofquantitiesofthebiddingdocumentsandestablishmentofthestriketothelistofquantitiesintheformatandcontents,descriptionandsoonvariousaspectskeepsconsistent,avoidfromhereandtheresultoffailureortenderevaluationaninjustice.3)Theconstructioncontractchoice.Thecontracttypeselectionshouldconsiderthefactorsinclude:theprojectscaleandtimelimitforaprojectlength,projectcompetition,andprojectsingleengineeringprojectsarecleardegree,thelengthoftime,theprojectoftheexternalenvironmentfactors.Inthechoiceofthecontracttype,althoughthedeveloperhastheinitiative,butthedevelopercan'tonlyconsidertheirowninterests,comprehensiveconsiderationoftheprojectshallbeofvariousfactors,considerthecontractorbearability,determinedbythebothpartiesofthecontracttype.1.4projectprojectconstructioncostcontrolBecauseofprojectconstructioncycleislong,theeconomicrelationsandlawsinvolvingthecomplexrelationshipbynaturalconditionsandobjective,thegreatinfluence,leadtotheactualsituationoftheprojectandprojecttenderingandbiddingsituationwillbecomparedhassomechanges.Therefore,ofteninengineeringchangeandthecontractpriceadjustment,theengineeringclaimsthisstageincludethevalueoftheprojectconstructionsettlementandusefundplanandapplication.1)Trytocontrolengineeringchangeandthevisa.Intheprojectconstructionprocess,engineeringchangeandthevisaisinevitable,butwillbepowerfulcontrol.Duetotheexistenceofloopholesforconstructiondrawingandanydefectsandleadtochange,exceptinthedesigndrawingsauditstrictlywhenthepartyshouldbeinthedesign,consultation,co-examinationandtechnicalconsultationwhencarefullyexamineandcheck,inordertofindtheearlytoeliminatehiddendangers.Changehiddentroublefoundearlier,maycauselossofthesmall.So,shouldasfaraspossibletothedesignchangecontrolinthedesignstageinitial,especiallyforthosewhocanseriouslyaffectengineering,moretowanttouse"downafterthefirst,change"measuressolvedproperly.Evenintheconstructionprocess,alsoshouldstrictlyaccordingtothevisaproceduresandprovisions,suchabilitymakeprojectcostcontroleffectively.2)Auditstrictlyengineeringconstructiondrawingbudget.Supervisorsshouldaccordingtotheprogressoftheconstructiondrawingdesignplanandtheconstructionoftheactualschedule,timelyconstructiondrawingbudgetapproved.Beyondthecorrespondingtobudgetandconstructiondrawingbudget.Beyondthecorrespondingtothebudgetestimatesconstructiondrawingdesignpart,willbedetailedanalysis,findoutthecause,andpromptlyandprojectprincipalcontact,dependingonhowtoadjustoramendthetruthagreedcontrolgoals.Thisisthecostoftheprojectofdynamiccontrolandmanagement.3)intothescene,collectandmasterinformationrelatedtotheconstruction,docontractmanagementworkinprojectconstructionprocess,thepersonnelandcostcontrolpersonnelrelatedtooftendeeplytheconstructionsite,contrastcarefullycheckconstructiondrawings,andtoprojectcontractasthebasis,theconstructionsitetograspthedynamic,assistownerstoreviewandappraisal,becauseofthechangeofthedesign,thesceneandvisaandtheadditionalcostsisreasonable.1.5ThefinalaccountsofthecompletedprojectphaseandaftercompletionengineeringwarrantyThefinalaccountsofthecompletedprojectisbasedonrealnumberandcurrencyindexfortheunitsofmeasure,whichreflectsthecomprehensivecompletedprojectsstarttoprojectcompletionforallofthedeliveryoftheconstructioncost,constructionachievementsandfinancialsituationsummaryofthedocuments.Completedthefinalaccountsby,completionfinancialfinalaccountingstatements,projectcompletionfigure,andprojectcompletioncostanalysisoffourparts.Thequalityrepairwarrantyisakindofafter-salesserviceway,isthequalityofcontractorresponsibility,amongthiswarrantyscopeinvolves,period,economicresponsibilityandwarrantycostsandexpensesprocessing.1)Auditcompletedprojectscompliancewiththetermsofthesecontractrequirementscontent,whetheracceptance,inthecontract,themethodofsettlement,pricebasis,feesstandard,advocatematerialpriceanddiscountandcommitmenttothefactsarecarriedout.2)Auditcomponentprojectandprojectunitpriceoffeeswhethertheprogramspecification,andpresenceofrepetitionandmistakes.3)Checktakecoverengineeringacceptancerecord,seeifanysupervisionengineerissigned,thecompletionoftheprojectcompletionandwhetherchartareinagreement.4)Examinethechangeofthedesignintheoriginaldesignofvisaisaunitchiefsign,whethertheconstructionunitandsupervisionengineerissigned,thesignificantchangeofthedesignoftheoriginaldesignisthecompetentdepartmentforexaminationandapproval.Theaboveanotmeetingtherequirements,allcan'tcalculatesettlementrange.5)Figure,accordingtothechangeofthedesign,completionvisacheckingthesceneofengineering.6)Preparetallywiththeactualsituationofthecompletionsettlementreport,inthestrict,reasonable,fairness,justice,andonthebasisoftheusesituationofinvestmentandprojectcostcontrolmanagementasthenecessaryanalysisandsummary.2thecurrentcostcontrolmanagementproblemsofresearchAtpresentourcountry'sbasicconstructionsystemandprocesscanensuretheengineeringconstructioninvestmentiseffectivelycontrolandmanagement,butinthepracticeprocess,therearestillmanyproblemstostudyit,asshowninthevariousstagesofthedisjointingofcostcontrol,becauseofprojectdecision-makinganddesign,projectbidding,projectimplementationandcompletionsettlementauditingthefourstagesofthecostcontrolandmanagementoftheconstructionunitsandarecompetentdepartment,designingunits,consultingunitleadimplement,"railway,thepoliceatube,soitisdifficulttosetuptheformercontrolthelatter,andthelatterinfluencetheformertheeffectivemanagementofthesystem.2.1ignoreinvestmentstageanddesignphaseofthecostcontrolAtpresentsomedesignunitsinordertomeetthetimelimitforconstructionunit,inordertodriveplanandnotenoughjobsmeticulous,ledtoconstructiondrawingdesigndepthisnotenough,someoftheprojects(suchasdecorationparts)andevenappearedpracticesandselectionexplanationnotclear,designandtheactualcostbudgetcreatedseriousdeviation,budgetdocumentsarenotcomplete,etc.Somedesignunitsdonotfollowtheprincipleofvalueengineering,optimizationdesign,butseekhighsecurityanddesignfees,evenwiththeownerincollusion,causelowquotedpriceishighandsettlement.2.2Thebiddingphasedon'trespectthemarketrules,andblindlowpricesandwantonexpandspecifiedmaterialsandequipmentMainlyliesin:Oneistheprovisionsinsomeareasaftertheappraisaluseonlytheminimumbidpricemethod.Whenthebidassessmentbythebiddersfromlowtohighpriceinthesortofbiddocumentsdetailedreview,judgeaqualifiedthreebiddersaccordingtoquotefromlowtohighorderfromthecandidate.Forcedmanyconstructionenterprisestomake"lowprice,highpricelistclaim"strategy.Someevenpubliclythreatened:"intodonotcomeisyourfierce,cameinismyfierce",thisisagainsttheprincipleofgoodfaith,causetheconstructionbiddingprocess,tenderofferforprofessionalsoftenbreakstheglasses.2itispartoftheownerignoretheobjectivelawoftheconstructionmarkettoexpandthepartyaappointssupplymaterialsandequipment,andthescopeofthecontractfornarrow,increasingtheownerandtheconstructionunitsofconflict.2.3constructionstagedesign,blindchangevisa,resultinaclaim,causecostincreaseBelowthecost,inordertochangethestateoflosses,aconstructionenterpriseisoftenusetimelimitforstresscondition,forcingtheownertoacceptitschangedesignscheme,replacementofmaterialsrequiredrefiners,evenandownerhookconnect,willseeconditionsandotherprojectsQianZhengLiangincreaseseveraltimes,causelossofstate-ownedassets;2itisconstructionunitandafewdesignunitscolludeincollusion,inconstructionprocessmanufacturingalotofthechangeofthedesign,theconstructionunitofhighpricesclaimforconvenience.2.4completedprojectcostauditsettlementstagemanagementconfusionAccordingtotherelevantlawsandregulations,engineeringauditchargeisaccordingtothesettlementandsubtracttheforeheadcharges,consultingunittohighfees,oftenWanHuaYangreducequantity,andevenapplymechanicallynorm,multipliedbylessthan1unitpricecoefficient.Andthecontractoronthebuyoffthecostintermediaryorganizationspersonnel,quantityandsubtracttheforeheadofthefalsereport.3wholeprocesscostcontrolmanagementadvice3.1designunitsshouldbeheldresponsiblefortheirownreasonsofthevalueoftheprojectprovidedInviewofthecurrentsocialintermediarycostconsultationinstitutionsparticipatedinthedesignstagecostcontrolofthefewfeatures,setupbearrelatedcivilliabilityconstraintmechanism,makedesigninstitutehasarelativelyindependentresponsibilityrestraint.Suchasdesigndepthisnotenough,thedesigndrawingcontradictorybetweendifferentwork,theconflictsbetween;Thedesignofthefunctionandwillbesettingisunreasonable,affectingthenormaluse,whichcausedeconomiclosses,designunitsshallbearthecorrespondingcivilliabilities.3.2Thebidassessmentmethods,andthebidevaluationcommitteeandbudgetcontrolpricereviewThegovernmentinvestmentprojects,thecomprehensiveassessmentshallbeallowedtobidevaluationmethod,andshouldalsosetthelowerbidpricequotations,abidderbelowlowestlimitoftheoffer,shallbenullstandardtreatment.Thepriceforbudgetcontrolreviewtoscientificandreasonablecan'traiseorfloating,tocontrolthepricediscountpublished,thecompetentconstructionadministrativedepartmentsshouldgivecorrect.Atthesametimeforbudgetcontrolinthepriceofillegalorirregularandinfringeuponthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthepartiesbiddingbehaviortodealwithaccordingtolaw.Accordingtothecontractperiod,3.3contractsignedcontractamountisfixedcostThecontractisthroughouttheentirecostcontrol,thesoulofthestandorfallofcontractsigning,directlyinfluencesubsequentcostcontrolofperformance,becausebothsidessigntheisfixedunitpriceorafixedunitpricecontract,recentconstructionengineeringmaterialmarketpricevolatilityisfrequent,makethedeveloperandthecontractorcanpredictmarketpricerisk,leadingtothepriceofworkvaluationdisputeincrease,partoftheprojectunderconstructionisalreadyseriouslyaffectedtheconstructionprogressandqualityoftheproject.Inordertosafeguardthelegitimateinterestsofthecontractingparties,ensuretheconstructionmarketstabilityanddevelopment,accordingtothenationalnineministriesandthestandardconstructionbiddingdocuments"(2007edition)generalprovisionsofcontractprovisionsofinternationalengineeringconstructionbiddingrisksharingpractices,theproposaloftheconstructionengineeringconstructionofvaluationprice0-5%risksharing.3.4constructionstagesinviteprofessionalconstructioncostconsultationcompanysitetrackingInordertostrengthenthedynamiccostmanagement,theemployermay,thecostofhiringaprofessionalconsultingcompany,makefulluseoftheirfamiliarwiththebusiness,richexperienceandunderstandingmarketandspecializationandsocializationandadvantage,strictcontrolengineeringchange,strengtheneconomicmanagementvisa.【Summary】：Aboveall,itisknownthattheinvestmentcontrolintheconstructionofthekeyis,threekeypointsisfeasibilityresearch,designandcontract,solvetheproblemthatisthecoreofcontrolandmanagement.Theengineeringcostcontrolandmanagementisadynamicprocess,ineachprojectconstructionphase,maybebecausethemarketconditionschangeorotherreasons,theengineeringinvestmentdeterminationandtheengineeringcostcontroltendstobecomplicated,thisneedswillprojectcostmanagementtomeetbothoverallandselectively.Torec