2019 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题第 1 套及参考答案

20196(1)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofteamspiritandcommunicationintheworkplace.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Asix-month-longnegotiation.B)Preparationsfortheparty.C)Aprojectwithatroublesomeclient.D)Giftwrappingforthecolleagues.2.A)Takeweddingphotos.B)Advertisehercompany.C)Startasmallbusiness.D)Throwacelebrationparty.3.A)Hesitant.B)Nervous.C)Flattered.D)Surprised.4.A)Startherownbakery.B)Improveherbakingskill.C)Sharehercookingexperience.D)Preparefoodforthewedding.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theyhavetospendmoretimestudying.B)Theyhavetoparticipateinclubactivities.C)Theyhavetobemoreresponsibleforwhattheydo.D)Theyhavetochooseaspecificacademicdiscipline.6.A)Getreadyforacareer.B)Makealotoffriends.C)Setalong-termgoal.D)Behavelikeadults.7.A)Thosewhoshareheracademicinterests.B)Thosewhorespectherstudentcommitments.C)Thosewhocanhelpherwhensheisinneed.D)Thosewhogotothesameclubsasshedoes.8.A)Thosehelpfulfortappingtheirpotential.B)Thoseconducivetoimprovingtheirsocialskills.C)Thosehelpfulforcultivatingindividualinterests.D)Thoseconducivetotheiracademicstudies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theybreakawayfromtraditionalwaysofthinking.B)Theyarepreparedtoworkharderthananyoneelse.C)Theyaregoodatrefiningoldformulas.D)Theybringtheirpotentialintofullplay.10.A)Theycontributedtothepopularityofskiingworldwide.B)Theyresultedinabrandnewstyleofskiingtechniques.C)Theypromotedthescientificuseofskiingpoles.D)Theymadeexplosivenewsinthesportsworld.11.A)Hewasrecognizedasageniusintheworldofsports.B)Hecompetedinallmajorskiingeventsintheworld.C)HewonthreegoldmedalsinoneWinterOlympics.D)Hebrokethreeworldskiingrecordsinthreeyears.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyappearrestless.B)Theyloseconsciousness.C)Theybecomeupset.D)Theydiealmostinstantly.13.A)Ithasaninstanteffectonyourbodychemistry.B)Itkeepsreturningtoyoueverynowandthen.C)Itleavesyouwithalong-lastingimpression.D)Itcontributestotheshapingofyoumind.14.A)Tosucceedwhilefeelingirritated.B)Tofeelhappywithoutgoodhealth.C)Tobefreefromfrustrationandfailure.D)Toenjoygoodhealthwhileindarkmoods.15.A)Theyarecloselyconnected.B)Theyfunctioninasimilarway.C)Theyaretoocomplextounderstand.D)Theyreinforceeachotherconstantly.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theydifferintheirappreciationofmusic.B)Theyfocustheirattentionondifferentthings.C)Theyfingerthepianokeysindifferentways.D)Theychoosedifferentpiecesofmusictoplay.17.A)Theymanagetocooperatewellwiththeirteammates.B)Theyuseeffectivetacticstodefeattheircompetitors.C)Theytryhardtomeetthespectators’expectations.D)Theyattachgreatimportancetohighperformance.18.A)Itmarksabreakthroughinbehavioralscience.B)Itadoptsaconventionalapproachtoresearch.C)Itsupportsapieceofconventionalwisdom.D)Itgivesrisetocontroversyamongexperts.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)People’senvyofslimmodels.B)People’scrazeforgoodhealth.C)Theincreasingrangeoffancyproducts.D)Thegreatvarietyofslimmingproducts.20.A)Theyappearvigorous.B)Theyappearstrange.C)Theylookcharming.D)Theylookunhealthy.21.A)Cultureandupbringing.B)Wealthandsocialstatus.C)Peerpressure.D)Mediainfluence.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Therelationbetweenhairandskin.B)Thegrowinginterestinskinstudies.C)Thecolorofhumanskin.D)Theneedofskinprotection.23.A)Thenecessitytosaveenergy.B)Adaptationtothehotenvironment.C)Theneedtobreathewithease.D)Dramaticclimatechangesonearth.24.A)Leavesandgrass.B)Man-madeshelter.C)Theirskincoloring.D)Hairontheirskin.25.A)Theirgeneticmakeupbegantochange.B)Theircommunitiesbegantogrowsteadily.C)Theirchildrenbegantomixwitheachother.D)Theirpaceofevolutionbegantoquicken.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Pastaisnolongeroffthemenu,afteranewreviewofstudiessuggestedthatthecarbohydratecanformpartofahealthydiet,andevenhelppeopleloseweight.Foryears,nutritionistshaverecommendedthatpastabekepttoa26,tocutcalories,preventfatbuild-upandstopbloodsugar27up.Thelow-carbohydratefoodmovementgavebirthtosuchdietsastheAtkins,PaleoandKeto,whichadvisedswappingfoodslikebread,pastaandpotatoesforvegetables,fishandmeat.Morerecentlythetrendofswappingspaghettiforvegetableshasbeen28byclean-eatingexperts.Butnowa29reviewandanalysisof30studiesbyCanadianresearchersfoundthatnotonlydoespastanotcauseweightgain,butthreemealsaweekcanhelppeopledropmorethanhalfakilogramoverfourmonths.Thereviewersfoundthatpastahadbeenunfairlydemonized()becauseithadbeen30inwithother,morefat-promotingcarbohydrates.“Thestudyfoundthatpastadidn’t31toweightgainorincreaseinbodyfat,”saidleadauthorDrJohnSievenpiper.“In32theevidence,wecannowsaywithsomeconfidencethatpastadoesnothavean33effectonbodyweighoutcomeswhenitisconsumedaspartofahealthydietarypattern.”Infact,analysisactuallyshowedasmallweighloss.So34toconcerns,perhapspastacanbepartofahealthydietThoseinvolvedinthe35trialsonaverageate3.3servingsofpastaaweekinsteadofothercarbohydrates,oneservingequalingaroundhalfacup.Theylostaroundhalfakilogramoveranaveragefollow-upof12weeks.A)adverseI)minimumB)championedJ)radiatingCclinicalK)rationD)contraryL)shootingE)contributeM)subscribeF)intimateN)systematicG)lumpedO)weighingH)magnifiedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBestRetailersCombineBricksandClicksA)Retailprofitsarefallingsharply.Storesareclosing.Mallsareemptying.Thedepressingstoriesjustkeepcoming.ReadingtheearningsannouncementsoflargeretailstoreslikeMacy’s,Nordstorm,andTargetisaboutasupliftingasatourofanintensivecareunit.Theinteractisapparentlytakingdownyetanotherindustry.Brickandmortarstores()seemtobegoingthewayoftheyellowpages.Sureenough,theCensusBureaujustreleaseddatashowingthatonlineretailsalessurged15.2percentbetweenthefirstquarterof2015andthefirstquarterof2016.B)Butbeforeyoudumpallofyourretailstocks,therearemorefactsyoushouldconsider.Lookingonlyatthat15.2percent"surge"wouldbemisleading.Itwasanincreasethatwasonasmallbaseof6.9percent.Evenwhenatinynumbergrowsbyalargepercentageterms,itisoftenstilltiny.C)Morethan20yearsaftertheinternetwasopenedtocommerce,theCensusBureautellsusthatbrickandmortarsalesaccountedfor92.3percentofretailsalesinthefirstquarterof2016.Theirdatashowthatonly0.8percentofretailsalesshiftedfromofflinetoonlinebetweenthebeginningof2015and2016.D)So,despiteallthetalkaboutdrone()deliveriestoyourdoorstep,alltheretailexecutivesexpressinganxietyoverconsumersgoingonline,andevenaPresidentialcandidateexclaimingthatAmazonhasa"hugeantitrustproblem,"theCensusdatasuggestthatphysicalretailisthriving.Ofcourse,theclosedstores,depressedexecutives,andsinkingstockssuggestotherwise.What'stherealstory?E)Manyfirmsoperatingbrickandmortarstoresareintrouble.Theretailindustryisgetting“reinvented,”aswedescribeinournewbook.Matchmakers.It’sstandinginthepathofwhatSchumpetercalledagale()ofcreativedestruction.Thatstormhasbeenbrewingforsometime,andasithasreachedgaleforce,mostlargeretailersaresearchingforaresponse.AstheCFOofMacy’sputitrecently,“We’refranklyscratchingourheads.”F)Butit’snothappeningasexpertspredicted.Inthepeakofthedot.combubble,brickandmortarretailwasoneofthoseindustriestheinternetwasgoingtokillandquickly.Thedot.cornbustdiscreditedmostpredictionsofthatsortandintheyearsthatfollowed,conventionalretailers’confidenceinthefutureincreasedasCensuscontinuedtoreportweakonlinesales.Andthenthegalehit.G)Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatretailreinventionisn’tasimplebattletothedeathbetweenbricksandclicks.Itisaboutdevisingretailmodelsthatworkforpeoplewhoaremakingincreasinguseofagrowingarrayofinternet-connectedtoolstochangehowtheysearch,shop,andbuy.Creativeretailersareusingthenewtechnologiestoinnovatejustabouteverythingstoresdofrommanaginginventory,tomarketing,togettingpaid.H)Morethandronesdroppinganewsupplyofunderwearonyourdoorstep,Apple’smassivelysuccessfulbrick-and-mortar-and-glassretailstoresandAmazon’ssmallstepsinthesamedirectionarewhatshouldkeepold-fashionedretailersawakeatnight.Nottomentionthelargenumberofcreativenewretailers,likeBonobos,thatareblendingonlineandofflineexperiencesincreativeways.I)Retailreinventionisnotasimpleprocess,andit’salsonothappeningonwhatusedtobecalled"InternetTime."Someinternet-drivenchangeshavehappenedquickly,ofcourse.Craigslistquicklyovertooknewspaperclassifiedadsandturnednewspapereconomicsupsidedown.Butmanywidelyanticipatedchangesweren’tquick,andsomehaven’treallystarted.Withthebenefitofhindsight(),itlooksliketheinteractwilltransformtheeconomyatsomethinglikethepaceofothergreatinventionslikeelectricity.B2Bcommerce,forexample,didn’tmovemainlyonlineby2005asmanyhadpredictedin2000,norevenby2016,butthatdoesn’tmeanitwon’tdosooverthenextfewdecades.J)Butthegaleisstillblowing.Thesuddendeclineinfoottrafficinrecentyears,eventhoughithasn’tbeenaccompaniedbyamassivedeclineinphysicalsales,isacriticalwarning.Peoplecanshopmoreefficientlyonlineandthereforedon’tneedtogotoasmanystorestofindwhattheywant.There’sasurplusofphysicalshoppingspaceforthecrowds,whichisonereasonwhystoresaredownsizingandclosing.K)Theriseofthemobilephonehasrecentlyaddedanewlevelofcomplexitytotheprocessofretailreinvention.Evenfiveyearsagomostpeoplefacedachoice.Sitatyourcomputer,probablyathomeorattheoffice,searchandbrowse,andbuy.Orheadouttothemall,orMainStreet,lookandshop,andbuy.Now,justabouteveryonehasasmartphone,connectedtotheinternetalmosteverywherealmostallthetime.Evenwhenaretailergetsacustomertowalkinthestore,shecaneasilyseeifthere’sabetterdealonlineoratanotherstorenearby.L)Sofar,themainthingmanylargeretailershavedoneinresponsetoallthisistoopenonlinestores,sopeoplewillcometothemdirectlyratherthantoAmazonanditssmalleronlinerivalsManyarehavingthesameproblemthatnewspapershave.Eveniftheygetonlinetraffic,theystruggletomakeenoughmoneyonlinetocompensateforwhattheyarelosingoffline.M)AfewseemtobemakingthisworkAmonglargetraditionalretailers,Walmartrecentlyreportedthebestresults,leadingitsstockpricetosurge,whileMacy’s,Target,andNordstrom’sdropped.YetWalmart’syear-over-yearonlinesalesonlygrew7percent,leadingitsCEOtolament(),“Growthhereistooslow”PartoftheproblemisthatalmosttwodecadesafterAmazonfiledtheoneclickpatent,theonlineretailshoppingandbuyingexperienceisfilledwithfrictionsArecentstudygradedmorethan600internetretailersonhoweasyitwasforconsumerstoshop,buy,andpayAlmosthalfofthesitesdidn’tgetapassinggradeandonly18percentgotanAorBN)TheturmoilonthegroundinphysicalretailishardtosquarewiththeCensusdataUnfortunately,partoftheexplanationisthattheCensusretaildataareunreliableOurdeep100kintothosedataandtheirpreparationrevealedseriousproblemsItseemslikelythatCensussimplymisclassifiesalargechunkofonlinesalesItiscertainthattheCensusprocedures,whichlumptheonlinesalesofmajortraditionalretailerslikeWalmartwith“non-storeretailers"1ikefoodtruckscanmaskmajorchangesinindividualretailcategoriesThebureaucouldeasilypresenttheirdatainmoreusefulwaysbuttheyhavechosennottoO)Despitetheturmoil,brickandmortarwon’tdisappearanytimesoonThebigquestionsarewhich,ifany,ofthelargetraditionalretailerswillstillbeonthesceneinadecadeortwobecausetheyhavesuccessfullyreinventedthemselves,whichnewplayerswilloperatebusystoresonMainStreetsandmaybeeveninshoppingmalls,andhowtheshoppingandbuyingexperiencewillhavechangedineachretailcategoryInvestorsshouldn’twriteoffbrickandmortarWhethertheyshouldbetonthetraditionalplayerswhorunthosestoresnowisanothermatter36.Althoughonlineretailinghasexistedforsometwentyyears,nearlyhalfoftheinternetretailersstillfailtoreceivesatisfactoryfeedbackfromconsumers,accordingtoarecentsurvey37.Innovativeretailersintegrateinternettechnologieswithconventionalretailingtocreatenewretailmodels38.DespitewhattheCensusdatasuggest,thevalueofphysicalretail’sstockshasbeendropping39.Innovative-drivenchangesintheretailindustrydidn’ttakeplaceasquicklyaswidelyanticipated40.Statisticsindicatethatbrickandmortarsalesstillmadeupthelion’sshareoftheretailbusiness.41.Companiesthatsuccessfullycombineonlineandofflinebusinessmodelsmayprovetobeabigconcernfortraditionalretailers.42.Brickandmortarretailers’faithintheirbusinesswasstrengthenedwhenthedotcombubbleburst.43.Despitethetremendouschallengesfromonlineretailing,traditionalretailingwillbeheretostayforquitesometime.44.Withtheriseofonlinecommerce,physicalretailstoresarelikelytosufferthesamefateasitheyellowpages.45.Thewideuseofsmartphoneshasmadeitmorecomplexfortraditionalretailerstoreinventtheirbusiness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorStephenHawkinghaswarnedthatthecreationofpowerfulartifcialintelligence(AI)willbe“eitherthebest,ortheworstthing,evertohappentohumanity”,andpraisedthecreationofanacademicinstitutededicatedtoresearchingthefutureofintelligenceas“crucialtothefutureofourcivilisationandourspecies”.HawkingwasspeakingattheopeningoftheLeverhulmeCentrefortheFutureofIntelligence(LCFI)atCambridgeUniversity,amulti-disciplinaryinstitutethatwillattempttotacklesomeoftheopen-endedquestionsraisedbytherapidpaceofdevelopmentinAIresearch.“Wespendagreatdealoftimestudyinghistory,”Hawkingsaid,“which,let’sfaceit,ismostlythehistoryofstupidity.Soit’sawelcomechangethatpeoplearestudyinginsteadthefutureofintelligence.”Whiletheworld-renownedphysicisthasoftenbeencautiousaboutAI,raisingconcernsthathumanitycouldbethearchitectofitsowndestructionifitcreatesasuper-intelligencewithawillofitsown,hewasalsoquicktohighlightthepositivesthatAIresearchcanbring.“Thepotentialbenefitsofcreatingintelligencearehuge,”hesaid.“WecannotpredictwhatwemightachievewhenourownmindsareamplifiedbyAI.Perhapswiththetoolsofthisnewtechnologicalrevolution,wewillbeabletoundosomeofthedamagedonetothenaturalworldbythelastoneindustrialisation.Andsurelywewillaimtofinallyeradicatediseaseandpoverty.Andeveryaspectofourliveswillbetransformed.Inshort,successincreatingAIcouldbethebiggesteventinthehistoryofourcivilisation.”HuwPrice,thecentre’sacademicdirectorandtheBertrandRussellprofessorofphilosophyatCambridgeUniversity,whereHawkingisalsoanacademic,saidthatthecentrecameaboutpartiallyasaresultoftheuniversity’sCentreforExistentialRisk.Thatinstituteexaminedawiderrangeofpotentialproblemsforhumanity,whiletheLCFIhasanarrowfocus.AIpioneerMargaretBoden,professorofcognitivescienceattheUniversityofSussex,praisedtheprogressofsuchdiscussions.Asrecentlyas2009,shesaid,thetopicwasn’ttakenseriously,evenamongAIresearchers.“AIishugelyexciting,”shesaid,“butithaslimitations,whichpresentgravedangersgivenuncriticaluse.”TheacademiccommunityisnotaloneinwarningaboutthepotentialdangersofAIaswellasthepotentialbenefits.Anumberofpioneersfromthetechnologyindustry,mostfamouslytheentrepreneurElonMusk,havealsoexpressedtheirconcernsaboutthedamagethatasuper-intelligentAIcoulddotohumanity.46.WhatdidStephenHawkingthinkofartificialintelligence?A)Itwouldbevitaltotheprogressofhumancivilisation.B)Itmightbeablessingoradisasterinthemaking.C)Itmightpresentchallengesaswellasopportunities.D)Itwouldbeasignificantexpansionofhumanintelligence.47.WhatdidHawkingsayaboutthecreationoftheLCFI?A)ItwouldacceleratetheprogressofAIresearch.B)ItwouldmarkastepforwardintheAIindustry.C)Itwasextremelyimportanttothedestinyofhumankind.D)Itwasanachievementofmulti-disciplinarycollaboration.48.WhatdidHawkingsaywasawelcomechangeinAIresearch?A)Theshiftofresearchfocusfromthepasttothefuture.B)Theshiftofresearchfromtheorytoimplementation.C)ThegreateremphasisonthenegativeimpactofAI.D)Theincreasingawarenessofmankind’spaststupidity.49.WhatconcernsdidHawkingraiseaboutAI?A)Itmayexceedhumanintelligencesoonerorlater.B)Itmayultimatelyover-amplifythehumanmind.C)Super-intelligencemaycauseitsowndestruction.D)Super-intelligencemayeventuallyruinmankind.50.Whatdowelearnaboutsomeentrepreneursfromthetechnologyindustry?A)Theyaremuchinfluencedbytheacademiccommunity.B)TheyaremostlikelytobenefitfromAIdevelopment.C)TheysharethesameconcernsaboutAIasacademics.D)TheybelievetheycankeepAIunderhumancontrol.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themarketforproductsdesignedspecificallyforolderadultscouldreach$30billionbynextyear,andstartups()wantinontheaction.Whattheysometimeslackisfeedbackfromthepeoplewhotheyhopewillusetheirproducts.SoBrookdale,thecountry’slargestownerofretirementcommunities,hasbeeninvitingafewselectentrepreneursjusttomoveinforafewdays,showofftheirproductsandhearwhattheresidentshavetosay.That’swhatbroughtDayleRodriguez,28,allthewayfromEnglandtothediningroomofBrookdaleSouthBayinTorrance,California.RodriguezisthecommunityandmarketingmanagerforacompanycalledSentab.Thestartup’sproduct,SentabTV,enablesolderadultswhomaynotbecomfortablewithcomputerstoaccessemail,videochatandsocialmediausingjusttheirtelevisionsandaremotecontrol.“It’snothingnew,it’snothingtoocomplicatedandit’snaturalbecauselotsofpeoplehaveTVremotes,”saysRodriguez.ButnoneofthatisthetopicofconversationintheBrookdalediningroom.Instead,Rodriguezsolicitsresidents’adviceonwhatheshouldgetonhischeeseburgerandhowheshouldspendtheafternoon.Playingcardswasontheagenda,aswellaslearningtoplaymahjong().Rodriguezsaysit’simportantthatresidentsheredon’tfeellikehe’ssellingthemsomething.“I’vehadmorefeedbackinapassiveapproach,”hesays.“Playingpool,playingcards,havingdinner,havinglunch,”allworkbetter“thangoingthroughasurveyofquestions.Whentheygettoknowmeandtotrustme,knowingforsureI’mnotsellingthemsomething—there’llbemorehonestfeedbackfromthem.”RodriguezisjusttheseventhentrepreneurtomoveintooneofBrookdale’s1,100seniorlivingcommunities.Othernewproductsintheprogramhaveincludedakindoffull-bodyblowdryerandspeciallydesignedclothingthatallowspeoplewithdisabilitiestodressandundressthemselves.MaryLouBusch,93,agreedtotrytheSentabsystem.ShetellsRodriguezthatitmightbegoodforsomeone,butnotforher.“IhavethecomputerandFaceTime,whichItalkwithmyfamilyon,”sheexplains.ShealsohasaniPadandasmartphone.“SoIdoprettymucheverythingIn