汽车术语_中英对照表

&"黑体,倾斜"&14&"Arial,加粗倾斜"&16BJMS-030&"宋体,加粗倾斜"汽&"Arial,加粗倾斜"&"宋体,加粗倾斜"车&"Arial,加粗倾斜"&"宋体,加粗倾斜"术&"Arial,加粗倾斜"&"宋体,加粗倾斜"语&"Arial,加粗倾斜"&16&"宋体,加粗倾斜"整&"Arial,加粗倾斜"&"宋体,加粗倾斜"车术语TERMS1车辆类型VEHICLETYPE道路车辆ROADVEHICLE商用车辆COMMERCIALVEHICLE机动车辆MOTORVEHICLE前驱动车辆FRONTDRIVEVEHICLE后驱动车辆REARDRIVEVEHICLE全驱动车辆ALLWHEELDRIVEVEHICLE发动机前置车辆VEHICLEWITHFRONTENGINE发动机后置车辆VEHICLEWITHREARENGINE发动机中置车辆VEHICLEWITHCENTRALENGINE发动机下置车辆VEHICLEWITHUNDERFLOORENGINE内燃机汽车INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEVEHICLE电动汽车ELECTRICVEHICLE天然气汽车NATURALGASVEHICLE（NGV）太阳能汽车SOLARPOWERVEHICLE汽车列车AUTOMOBILETRAIN多用途乘用车MULTIPURPOSEPASSENGERVEHICLE(MPV)1.1载货汽车TRUCK微型货车MINITRUCK轻型货车LIGHTTRUCK中型货车MEDIUMTRUCK重型货车HEAVYTRUCK小型货车PICK-UP1.2越野汽车OFF-ROADVEHICLE轻型越野汽车LIGHTOFF-ROADVEHICLE中型越野汽车MEDIUMOFF-ROADVEHICLE重型越野汽车HEAVYOFF-ROADVEHICLE超重型越野汽车EXTRAHEAVYOFF-ROADVEHICLE1.3自卸汽车DUMPTRUCK1.4牵引汽车TOWINGVEHICLE全挂牵引汽车FULL-TRAILERTOWINGVEHICLE半挂牵引汽车SEMI-TRAILERTOWINGVEHICLE1.5专用汽车SPECIALPURPOSEVEHICLE1.5.1厢式汽车VAN救护车AMBULANCE保温车INSULATEDVAN冷藏车REFRIGERATEDVAN电视转播车TVRELAYINGVEHICLE邮件运输车MAILCARRIER囚车PRISONVAN1.5.2罐式汽车TANKER运油车FUELTANKER酸罐车ACIDTANKER混凝土搅拌车CONCRETEMIXER洒水车STREETSPRINKLER消防车FIREFIGHTINGVEHICLE1.5.3专用自卸汽车SPECIALTIPPER1.5.4起重举升汽车CRANE/LIFTTRUCK1.5.5仓栅式汽车STORAGETRUCK1.5.6特种结构汽车SPECIALCONSTRUCTIONVEHICLE车辆运输车CARTRANSPORTER集装箱运输车CONTAINERPLATFORMVEHICLE1.6客车BUS微型客车MINIBUS轻型客车LIGHTBUS中型客车MEDIUMBUS大型客车LARGEBUS特大型客车EXTRABUS长途客车LONGDISTANCECOACH铰接客车ARTICULATEDBUS无轨电车TROLLEYBUS双层客车DOUBLE-DECKBUS游览客车SIGHTSEEINGBUS1.7轿车PASSENGERCAR微型轿车MINICAR普通级轿车SUBCOMPACTCAR中级轿车COMPACTCAR中高级轿车INTERMEDIATECAR高级轿车LIMOUSINE旅行轿车STATIONWAGON活顶轿车CONVERTIBLESALOON跑车ROADSTER赛车RACER1.8挂车TRAILER全挂车FULLTRAILER半挂车SEMI-TRAILER2汽车尺寸参数AUTOMOBILEDIMENSION车长VEHICLELENGTH车宽VEHICLEWIDTH车高VEHICLEHEIGHT轴距WHEELBASE轮距TRACK(TREAD)前悬FRONTOVERHANG后悬REAROVERHANG离地间隙GROUNDCLEARANCE纵向通过角RAMPANGLE接近角APPROACHANGLE离去角DEPARTUREANGLE转弯直径TURNINGDIAMETER3汽车质量参数AUTOMOBILEMASS底盘干质量CHASSISDRYMASS底盘整备质量CHASSISCURBMASS整车干质量COMPLETEVEHICLEDRYMASS整车整备质量COMPLETEVEHICLECURBMASS最大总质量MAXIMUMTOTALMASS(GROSSVEHICLEWEIGHTRATED)厂定最大总质量MAXIMUMMANUFACTURER'STOTALMASS允许最大总质量MAXIMUMAUTHORIZEDTOTALMASS最大装载质量MAXIMUMLADENMASS厂定最大装载质量MAXIMUMMANUFACTURER'SLADENMASS允许最大装载质量MAXIMUMAUTHORIZEDLADENMASS最大轴载质量MAXIMUMAXLELADENMASS厂定最大轴载质量MAXIMUMMANUFACTURER'SAUTHORIZEDLADENMASS厂定允许最大轴载质量MAXIMUMMANUFACTURER'SAXLELADENMASS4汽车性能CHARACTERISTICOFAUTOMOBILE4.1动力性DYNAMICCHARACTERISTIC动力性指标CRITERIAFOREVALUATIONOFDYNAMICCHARACTERISTIC最高车速MAXIMUMSPEED加速时间TIMEOFACCELERATION最大爬坡度MAXIMUMGRADEABILITY驱动力DRIVINGFORCE行驶阻力RESISTANCETOMOTION坡度阻力GRADERESISTANCE空气阻力AERODYNAMICDRAGFORCE空气阻力系数AERODYNAMICDRAGCOEFFICIENT加速阻力ACCELERATINGRESISTANCE滚动阻力ROLLINGRESISTANCE滚动阻力系数ROLLINGRESISTANCECOEFFICIENT滚动阻力矩ROLLINGRESISTANCEMOMENT法向力NORMALFORCE切向力TANGENTIALFORCE侧向力LATERALFORCE轮胎变形系数COEFFICIENTOFTIREDEFORMATION道路阻力系数COEFFICIENTOFROADRESISTANCE附着力ADHESIVEFORCE附着系数COEFFICIENTOFADHESION牵引力TRACTIVEFORCE牵引平衡TRACTIONALBALANCE动力因数DYNAMICFACTOR比功率POWER/MASSRATIO比转矩TORQUE/MAXIMUMTOTALMASSRATIO功率平衡POWERBALANCE后备功率RESERVEPOWER4.2燃油经济性FUELECONOMY燃油经济性的评价指标CRITERIAFOREVALUATIONOFFUELECONOMY等速油耗CONSTANT-SPEEDFUELECONOMY道路循环油耗FUELECONOMYOFROADTESTCYCLES经济车速ECONOMICSPEED4.3制动性BRAKINGPERFORMANCE制动距离STOPPINGDISTANCE制动减速度BRAKINGDECELERATION制动效率BRAKINGEFFICIENCY地面制动力TIRE-GROUNDBRAKINGFORCE制动时的方向稳定性DIRECTIONALSTABILITYDURINGBRAKING同步附着系数SYNCHRONIZINGADHESIONCOEFFICIENT轮胎－道路附着系数TIRE-ROADADHESIONCOEFFICIENT4.4通过性TRAFFICABILITY爬坡能力GRADEABILITY涉水能力FADINGABILITY间隙失效HANG-UPFAILURE寄生功率PARASITICPOWER4.5操纵稳定性HANDLEABILITYANDSTABILITY4.5.1转向系STEERINGSYSTEM转向角STEERINGANGLE名义转向角NOMINALSTEERINGANGLE转向盘转角STEERINGWHEELANGLE转向系角传动比STEERINGSYSTEMANGLERATIO转向盘自由行程FREEPLAYOFSTEERINGWHEEL阿克曼转向角ACKERMANSTEERINGANGLE操舵力（转向力）STEERINGFORCE转向系摩擦力FRICTIONFORCEOFSTEERINGSYSTEM转向系阻尼DAMPINGOFSTEERINGSYSTEM保舵力STEERINGFORCEFORKEEPINGAGIVENCONTROL操舵力矩（转向力矩）STEERINGMOMENT保舵力矩STEERINGMOMENTFORKEEPINGAGIVENCONTROL正效率FORWARDEFFICIENCY转向系刚度STEERINGSYSTEMSTIFFNESS转向系惯性力矩MOMENTOFINERTIAOFSTEERINGSYSTEM前束TOE-IN(LENGTH)前束角TOE-IN(ANGLE)主销后倾角KINGPINCASTERANGLE主销后倾距CASTER车轮外倾角CAMBERANGLE主销内倾KINGPININCLINATION主销偏置距KINGPINOFFSET横向滑移量LATERALSLIP4.5.2悬架系SUSPENSIONSYSTEM车轮中心平面CENTRALPLANEOFTHEWHEEL车轮中心WHEELCENTER车轮定位WHEELALIGNMENT悬架垂直刚度SUSPENSIONVERTICALSTIFFNESS悬架纵向刚度SUSPENSIONLONGITUDINALSTIFFNESS悬架横向刚度SUSPENSIONTRANSVERSESTIFFNESS悬架有效刚度RIDERATE悬架侧倾SUSPENSIONROLL悬架侧倾角SUSPENSIONROLLANGLE悬架侧倾刚度SUSPENSIONROLLSTIFFNESS侧倾刚度ROLLSTIFFNESS侧倾中心ROLLCENTER侧倾轴ROLLAXIS悬架柔性COMPLIANCEINSUSPENSION阻尼特性DAMPINGFORCECHARACTERISTIC翻倾力矩OVERTURNINGMOMENT翻倾力矩分配OVERTURNINGMOMENTDISTRIBUTION4.5.3轮胎和车轮TIREANDWHEEL轮胎接地中心CENTEROFTIRECONTACT轮胎侧偏角SLIPANGLEOFTIRE滑移率SLIPRATE自由半径FREERADIUS静负荷半径STATICLOADEDRADIUS动负荷半径DYNAMICLOADEDRADIUS滚动周长ROLLINGCIRCUMFERENCE滚动半径ROLLINGRADIUS轮胎垂直力VERTICALFORCEOFTIRE轮胎横向力LATERALFORCEOFTIRE轮胎纵向力LONGITUDINALFORCEOFTIRE轮胎侧向力SIDEFORCEOFTIRE径向刚度RADIALSTIFFNESS横向刚度LATERALSTIFFNESS外倾推力CAMBERTHRUST转弯力CORNERINGFORCE侧偏阻力CORNERINGDRAG拖曳阻力RESISTANCEFORCEOFDRAG轮胎翻转力矩OVERTURNINGMOMENTOFTIRE回正力矩ALIGNINGTORQUE车轮转矩WHEELTORQUE轮胎拖距PNEUMATICTRAIL侧偏刚度CORNERINGSTIFFNESS外倾刚度CAMBERSTIFFNESS制动刚度BRAKINGSTIFFNESS驱动刚度DRIVINGSTIFFNESS回正刚度ALIGNINGSTIFFNESS4.5.4坐标系和运动学AXISSYSTEMANDKINEMATICS地面固定坐标系EARTH-FIXEDAXISSYSTEM运动坐标系MOVINGAXISSYSTEM汽车坐标系VEHICLEAXISSYSTEM簧上惯性主轴坐标系INERTIAPRINCIPALAXISSYSTEM车辆固定坐标系WHEEL-FIXEDAXISSYSTEM车辆纵向对称平面LONGITUDINALPLANEOFSYMMETRYOFVEHICLE侧倾ROLL纵倾PITCH横摆YAW纵倾轴PITCHAXIS汽车质量MASSOFVEHICLE簧上质量SPRUNGMASS簧下质量UNSPRUNGMASS质量分配比MASSDISTRIBUTIONRATIO质心高度HEIGHTOFCENTEROFMASS重心高度HEIGHTOFGRAVITYCENTER质心速度矢量VELOCITYVECTORATCENTEROFMASS车速VEHICLESPEED纵向速度LONGITUDINALVELOCITY侧向速度SIDEVELOCITY垂直速度VERTICALVELOCITY前进速度FORWARDVELOCITY横向速度LATERALVELOCITY侧倾角速度ROLLVELOCITY纵倾角速度PITCHVELOCITY横摆角速度YAWVELOCITY质心加速度矢量ACCELERATIONVECTOROFCENTEROFMASS纵向加速度LONGITUDINALACCELERATION侧向加速度SIDEACCELERATION垂直加速度VERTICALACCELERATION前进加速度FORWARDACCELERATION横向加速度LATERALACCELERATION指示横向加速度INDICATEDLATERALACCELERATION向心加速度CENTRIPETALACCELERATION离心加速度CENTRIFUGALACCELERATION切向加速度TANGENTIALACCELERATION角加速度ANGULARACCELERATION减速度DECELERATION车身侧倾角VEHICLEROLLANGLE车身纵倾角VEHICLEPITCHANGLE汽车方位角HEADINGANGLE汽车侧偏角SIDESLIPANGLEOFVEHICLE行进方向角COURSEANGLE纵向力LONGITUDINALFORCE侧向力SIDEFORCE垂直力VERTICALFORCE侧倾力矩ROLLINGMOMENT纵倾力矩PITCHINGMOMENT横摆力矩YAWINGMOMENT4.5.5运动特性KINEMATICSCHARACTERISTIC位置控制POSITIONCONTROL固定控制FIXEDCONTROL力控制FORCECONTROL自由控制FREECONTROL人为控制MANUALCONTROL转向响应STEERINGRESPONSE扰动响应DISTURBANCERESPONSE稳态响应STEADYSTATERESPONSE瞬态响应TRANSIENTSTATERESPONSE横摆响应YAWRESPONSE侧倾响应ROLLRESPONSE转向敏感性STEERINGSENSITIVITY路面不平敏感性PAVEMENTIRREGULARITYSENSITIVITY侧风敏感性CROSSWINDSENSITIVITY频率响应FREQUENCYRESPONSE频率特性FREQUENCYCHARACTERISTIC中性转向NEUTRALSTEER不足转向UNDERSTEER过度转向OVERSTEER稳定性因数STABILITYFACTOR直线行驶稳定性STRAIGHTMOTIONSTABILITY回正性RETURNABILITY驾驶员目视距离DRIVERVIEWINGDISTANCE4.5.6界限特性和异常运动CHARACTERISTICOFLIMITMANEUVERANDABNORMALMOTION最大向心加速度MAXIMUMCENTRIPETALACCELERATION最大横向加速度MAXIMUMLATERALACCELERATION最大指示横向加速度MAXIMUMINDICATEDLATERALACCELERATION特征车速CHARACTERISTICSPEED临界车速CRITICALSPEED倾斜极限角OVERTURNINGLIMITANGLE侧滑SIDESLIP卷入TUCKIN车轮抬起WHEELLIFT举起JACKUP折叠JACK-KNIFING滑水效应HYDROPLANING驻波STANDINGWAVE跳动HOP踏步TRAMP横振SHIMMY转向盘反冲KICK-BACK4.6行驶平顺性RIDECOMFORT4.6.4基本术语BASICTERM平顺性RIDECOMFORT舒适性COMFORT4.6.2人体振动类型VIBRATIONTYPEOFHUMANBODY全身振动WHOLEBODYVIBRATION人体纵向振动LONGITUDINALVIBRATIONAPPLIEDTOHUMANBODY人体横向振动TRANSVERSEVIBRATIONAPPLIEDTOHUMANBODY人体左右振动SIDE-TO-SIDEVIBRATIONAPPLIEDTOHUMANBODY人体前后振动BACK-TO-CHESTVIBRATIONAPPLIEDTOHUMANBODY人体局部振动VIBRATIONAPPLIEDTOPARTICULARPARTSOFHUMANBODY4.6.3汽车振动类型VIBRATIONTYPEOFAUTOMOBILE垂直振动VERTICALVIBRATION纵向振动LONGITUDINALVIBRATION横向振动TRANSVERSEVIBRATION俯仰振动PITCHVIBRATION侧倾振动ROLLVIBRATION横摆振动YAWVIBRATION4.6.4特殊振动SPECIALVIBRATION晕车MOTIONSICKNESS摇振SHAKE4.6.5试验、评价方法TESTINGANDEVALUATIONMETHOD感觉评价FEELINGEVALUATION物理量评价OBJECTIVEEVALUATION5整车试验TESTOFAUTOMOBILE5.1整车基本参数测量COMPLETEVEHICLEDIMENSIONMEASUREMENT主要尺寸测量BASICDIMENSIONSMEASUREMENT最小转弯直径测量MINIMUMTURNINGDIAMETERMEASUREMENT重心高度测定HEIGHTOFGRAVITYCENTERMEASUREMENT质量参数测定WEIGHTPARAMETERMEASUREMENT5.2动力性试验DYNAMICCHARACTERISTICTEST加速性能试验ACCELERATIONPERFORMANCETEST最高车速试验MAXIMUMSPEEDTEST最低稳定车速试验MINIMUMSTABLESPEEDTEST滑行试验COASTINGTEST爬陡坡试验STEEPHILLCLIMBINGTEST爬长坡试验GRADEABILITYTEST牵引性能试验TOWINGPERFORMANCETEST起动性能试验STARTINGPERFORMANCETEST5.3经济性试验FUELECONOMYTEST燃料消耗量试验FUELCONSUMPTIONTEST5.5视野性能试验VISIBILITYPERFORMANCETEST驾驶员前方视野试验FORWARDVISIBILITYFORDRIVERTEST风窗玻璃除霜系统试验WINDSHIELDDEMISTERTEST风窗玻璃除雾系统试验WINDSHIELDDEFROSTERTEST风窗玻璃刮水器试验WINDSHIELDWIPERTEST风窗玻璃洗涤器试验WINDSHIELDWASHERTEST5.5操纵稳定性、行驶平顺性试验HANDLEABILITYANDSTABILITY,RIDECOMFORTTEST频率响应试验FREQUENCYRESPONSETEST瞬态响应试验TRANSIENTRESPONSETEST阶跃响应试验STEPRESPONSETEST脉冲响应试验PULSERESPONSETEST转向回正性试验STEERINGRETURNABILITYTEST转向轻便性试验STEERINGEFFORTSTEST稳态回转试验STEADYSTATECORNERINGTEST功率突然变化影响试验TESTOFEFFECTOFSUDDENPOWERCHANGE收油门后控制试验TESTOFCONTROLATBREAKAWAY横风稳定性试验TESTOFCROSSWINDSTABILITY撒手稳定性试验TESTOFSTABILITYSTEER-OFFMOTIONONASTRAIGHT-AHEADDRIVING反冲试验KICK-BACKTEST轮胎爆破响应试验TESTOFBURSTRESPONSEOFTIRE绕过障碍物试验OBSTACLEAVOIDANCETEST移线试验LANECHANGETEST蛇行试验PYLONCOURSESLALOMTEST"8"字形试验"8"FORMDRIVINGTEST"J"型转弯试验TESTOF"J"TURN悬架举升试验JACK-UPTESTOFSUSPENSION耐翻倾试验TESTOFOVERTURNINGIMMUNITY轮辋错动试验RIMSLIPTEST路面不平敏感性试验TESTOFPAVEMENTIRREGULARITYSENSITIVITY平顺性随机输入行驶试验RIDERANDOMINPUTRUNNINGTEST平顺性脉冲输入行驶试验RIDEPULSEINPUTRUNNINGTEST风洞试验WINDTUNNELTEST5.6舒适性、通过性试验COMFORT,TRAFFICABILITYTEST采暖性能试验HEATINGPERFORMANCETEST隔热通风试验VENTILATIONANDHEATINSULATIONTEST供油系气阻试验VAPORLOCKFORFUELSYSTEMTEST发动机冷却系冷却能力试验COOLINGCAPACITYFORENGINECOOLINGSYSTEMTEST防尘密封性试验DUSTPROOFPERFORMANCETEST防雨密封性试验RAINPROOFPERFORMANCETEST地形通过性试验PASSINGTOPOGRAPHYCAPACITYTEST涉水性能试验FORDINGPERFORMANCETEST砂地通过性试验SANDINGTEST5.7可靠性、耐久性试验RELIABILITYANDDURABILITYTEST可靠性行驶试验RELIABILITYRUNNINGTEST耐久性行驶试验DURABILITYRUNNINGTEST5.8污染控制试验POLLUTIONCONTROLTEST噪声试验NOISETEST无线电干扰特性试验RADIOINTERFERENCECHARACTERISTICTEST排气污染物测量EXHAUSTPOLLUTANTSMEASUREMENT燃油蒸发污染物测量EVAPORATIVEPOLLUTANTSMEASUREMENT曲轴箱污染物测量CRANKCASEPOLLUTANTSMEASUREMENT怠速污染物测量POLLUTANTSATIDLESPEEDMEASUREMENT自由加速烟度测量SMOKEATFREEACCELERATIONMEASUREMENT全负荷烟度测量SMOKEATFULLLOADMEASUREMENT5.9制动性能试验BRAKINGPERFORMANCETEST制动距离试验STOPPINGDISTANCETEST制动效能试验BRAKINGEFFECTIVENESSTEST制动稳定性试验TESTOFBRAKINGSTABILITY热衰退与恢复试验FADETEST涉水恢复试验WATERFADETEST行车制动器结构完整性试验SERVICEBRAKESTRUCTURALINTEGRITYTEST制动系统扭矩平衡试验BRAKESYSTEMTORQUEBALANCETEST防抱制动系统性能试验ANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEMTEST弯道制动试验TESTOFBRAKINGONCURVE应急制动试验EMERGENCYBRAKINGTEST驻车制动试验PARKINGBRAKINGTEST6安全性SAFETY6.1碰撞COLLISION(CRASH,IMPACT)正碰撞FRONTALCOLLISION侧碰撞SIDECOLLISION后碰撞REARCOLLISION碰撞角度COLLISIONANGLE受撞角度IMPACTANGLE受撞位置IMPACTLOCATION主要力PRINCIPALFORCE变形DEFORMATION碰撞轴线排列COLLISIONAXISALIGNMENT偏置OFFSET重叠OVERLAP对中CENTERED6.2试验SAFETYTEST试验场PROVINGGROUND试验场地TESTINGSITE撞车模拟装置CRASHSIMULATIONTESTSET-UP汽车模拟碰撞滑车试验装置AUTOCRASHSIMULATIONTESTSLED壁障BARRIER胶合板PLYWOOD多普勒效应法DOPPLEREFFECTMETHOD运动波WAVEINMOTION视在频率APPARENTFREQUENCY发射波频率EMITTEDFREQUENCY环境介质AMBIENTMEDIUM电磁波ELECTROMAGNETICWAVE厘米波（超短波）CENTIMETERWAVE微波MICROMETERWAVE激光LASER五轮仪法FIFTHWHEELMETHOD第五轮仪FIFTHWHEEL光电屏障PHOTOELECTRICBARRIER发射器TRANSMITTER接收器RECEIVER传感器SENSOR振荡器OSCILLATOR假人DUMMY混合型假人HYBRIDDUMMY仿真度BIOFIDELITY滑车SLED上部躯体UPPERTORSO骨盆PELVIS臀部HIP头部重心加速度HEADC.G.ACCELERATION头部重心运动轨迹HEADC.G.TRAJECTORY头部旋转HEADROTATION头部扭曲HEADFLEXION头部扭转HEADTWIST头部伤害指数HEADINJURYCRITERIA(HIC)颈部侧弯试验LATERALNECKBENDINGTEST6.3视野VISIONFIELD(VISIBILITY)眼椭圆EYELLIPSE驾驶员视野范围VISIONFIELDOFDRIVER视线SIGHTLINE眼椭圆样板EYELLIPSETEMPLATE眼椭圆中心EYELLIPSECENTER眼椭圆定位线EYELLIPSELOCATINGLINE坐标系COORDINATIONSYSTEM(AXISSYSTEM)视觉VISION视平面SIGHTPLANE视野VISIONFIELD双眼障碍BINOCULAROBSTRUCTIONA立柱A-PILLAR座椅基准点SEATINGREFERENCEPOINT(SgRP)有效瞳孔距EFFECTIVEINTERPUPILLARYWIDTH视野原点ORIGINALPOINTSOFVISIONFIELD颈部转动中心点（P点）NECKPIVOTPOINT(PPOINT)仪表参考平面REFERENCEPLANEOFINSTRUMENTPANEL显示表面DISPLAYSURFACE转向盘轮缘盲区STEERINGWHEELRIMOBSTRUCTION转向盘毂及辐条盲区STEERINGHUBANDSPOKEOBSTRUCTION汽车视野障碍VEHICLEVISUALOBSTRUCTION视点（V点）VISIONPOINT(VPOINT)眼点（E点）EYEPOINT(EPOINT)眼睛投影点PROJECTEDEYEPOINT上视角UPWARDSANGLEOFVISIBILITY下视角DOWNWARDSANGLEOFVISIBILITY7汽车维修VEHICLEMAINTENANCEANDREPAIR7.1总概念GENERAL汽车维修VEHICLEMAINTENANCEANDREPAIR汽车维护VEHICLEMAINTENANCE汽车修理VEHICLEREPAIR汽车维修性MAINTAINABILITYOFVEHICLE7.2汽车技术状况变化CHANGEOFTECHNICALCONDITIONOFVEHICLE7.2.1汽车技术状况TECHNICALCONDITIONOFVEHICLE汽车完好技术状况GOODCONDITIONOFVEHICLE汽车不良技术状况BADCONDITIONOFVEHICLE汽车工作能力WORKINGABILITYOFVEHICLE汽车技术状况参数PARAMETERSFORTECHNICALCONDITIONOFVEHICLE汽车极限技术状况LIMITINGCONDITIONOFVEHICLE汽车技术状况变化规律REGULARITYFORCHANGEOFTECHNICALCONDITIONOFVEHICLE7.2.2缺陷DEFECT运行缺陷OPERATIONALDEFECT制造缺陷MANUFACTURINGDEFECT设计缺陷DESIGNDEFECT事故性缺陷ACCIDENTALDEFECT7.2.3汽车耗损VEHICLEWEAR-OUT汽车零件磨损WEAROFVEHICLEPART磨损过程WEARPROCESS正常磨损NORMALWEAR极限磨损LIMITINGWEAR允许磨损PERMISSIBLEWEAR磨损率WEARRATE机械磨损MECHANICALWEAR化学磨损CHEMICALWEAR热磨损THERMICWEAR疲劳磨损FATIGUEWEAR腐蚀性磨损CORROSIONWEAR故障磨损FAILUREWEAR故障MALFUNCTIONING断裂BREAKDOWN更换REPLACING擦伤SCRATCHING刮伤SCORING点蚀PITTING粘附ADHESION咬粘SEIZURE烧伤BURNING穴蚀CAVITATION老化AGEING疲劳FATIGUE变形DEFORMATION缺陷DEFECT损坏DAMAGE7.2.4汽车故障VEHICLEFAILURE完全故障COMPLETEFAILURE局部故障PARTIALFAILURE致命故障CRITICALFAILURE严重故障MAJORFAILURE一般故障MINORFAILURE7.3汽车维修工艺TECHNOLOGYOFVEHICLEMAINTENANCEANDREPAIR7.3.1汽车维护类别CLASSOFVEHICLEMAINTENANCE定期维护PERIODICMAINTENANCE季节性维护SEASONALMAINTENANCE技术保养TECHNICALSERVICE清洗WASHING技术检查CHECK-UP保养周期SERVICECYCLE保养里程MILEAGEBETWEENSERVICES每日保养DAILYSERVICE防护PRESERVING冬季保养WINTERCHECK-UP夏季保养SUMMERCHECK-UP走合维护RUNNING-INMAINTENANCE7.3.2汽车修理类别CLASSOFVEHICLEREPAIR汽车大修MAJORREPAIROFVEHICLE汽车中修MEDIUMREPAIROFVEHICLE汽车小修CURRENTREPAIROFVEHICLE总成修理UNITREPAIR零件修理PARTSREPAIR 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 修理SCHEDULEDREPAIR定期修理REGULATIONREPAIR视情修理REPAIRONTECHNICALCONDITION非计划修理UNSCHEDULEDREPAIR修复RECONDITIONING修理里程MILEAGEBETWEENREPAIR汽车报废MOTORVEHICLELIQUIDATION报废SCRAPPING7.3.3汽车修理工艺TECHNOLOGYOFVEHICLEREPAIR技术检验TECHNICALCHECKING检视INSPECTION走合（磨合）RUNNING-IN冷磨合COLDRUNNING-IN热磨合HOTRUNNING-IN修理尺寸REPAIRSIZE走（磨）合期RUNNING-INPERIOD走（磨）合过程RUNNING-INPROCESS走（磨）合工况RUNNING-INCONDITION加速磨损期PERIODOFACCELERATEDWEAR&P&"Arial,BoldItalic"&16BJMS-030汽车术语&"Arial,BoldItalic"&16Ⅱ发动机&"Arial,Regular"&10术语TERMS1发动机类型ENGINETYPE内燃机INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE火花点火式发动机SPARKIGNITIONENGINE压燃式发动机COMPRESSIONIGNITIONENGINE汽油机GASOLINEENGINE汽油喷射式发动机GASOLINEINJECTIONENGINE化油器式发动机CARBURETORENGINE柴油机DIESELENGINE直接喷射式柴油机DIRECTINJECTIONENGINE间接喷射式柴油机INDIRECTINJECTIONENGINE二冲程发动机TWO-STROKEENGINE四冲程发动机FOUR-STROKEENGINE水冷式发动机WATER-COOLEDENGINE风冷式发动机AIR-COOLEDENGINE直列式发动机RADIALENGINEV形发动机VEE-ENGINE增压式发动机SUPERCHARGEDENGINE2发动机性能和特性ENGINEPERFORMANCE&CHARACTERISTICS2.1发动机性能ENGINEPERFORMANCE动力性能POWERPERFORMANCE排放性能EMISSIONPERFORMANCE加速性能ACCELERATIONPERFORMANCE起动性能STARTINGPERFORMANCE加载性能LOADINGPERFORMANCE经济性能ECONOMICPERFORMANCE2.2发动机特性ENGINECHARACTERISTICS调整特性REGULATIONCHARACTERISTICS速度特性FIXEDTHROTTLECHARACTERISTICS外特性FULL-LOAD(FULLTHROTTLE)PERFORMANCE部分特性PARTIALLOADCHARACTERISTICS负荷特性CONSTANTSPEEDCHARACTERISTICS空转特性NOLOADCHARACTERISTICS万有特性CROSSSECTIONALCHARACTERISTICS3技术参数与工作过程TECHNICALPARAMETER&WORKINGPROCESS发动机排量ENGINEDISPLACEMENT压缩比COMPRESSIONRATIO气缸直径CYLINDERBORE活塞行程PISTONSTROKE行程缸径比STROKE-BORERATIO标准缸径STANDARDCYLINDERBOREDIAMETER气缸数NUMBEROFCYLINDERS上止点TOPDEADCENTER下止点BOTTOMDEADCENTER点（发）火次序FIRINGORDER燃烧室容积COMBUSTIONCHAMBERVOLUME气门重叠角VALVEOVERLAP进气持续角INTAKEDURATIONANGLE排气持续角EXHAUSTDURATIONANGLE凸轮升程CAMLOBELIFT气门升程VALVELIFT气门正时VALVETIMING曲轴主轴承轴径CRANKSHAFTMAINBEARINGJOURNALDIAMETER曲轴主轴承宽度CRANKSHAFTMAINBEARINGJOURNALWIDTH曲轴主轴承间隙CRANKSHAFTMAINBEARINGCLEARANCE曲轴轴向间隙CRANKSHAFTENDPLAY凸轮轴轴承轴颈CRANKSHAFTBEARINGJOURNAL连杆轴颈宽度CONNECTINGRODJOURNALWIDTH气门杆与导管间隙VALVESTEMTOGUIDECLEARANCE液压挺柱间隙HYDRAULICTAPPETCLEARANCE摇臂比ROCKERARMRATIO推杆直径PUSHRODDIAMETER气门锥面角度VALVEFACEANGLE活塞与缸壁间隙PISTON-TO-BORECLEARANCE活塞环侧隙PISTONRINGSIDECLEARANCE活塞环开口间隙PISTONRINGGAPCLEARANCE活塞环槽高度PISTONRINGGROOVEHEIGHT活塞环槽直径PISTONRINGGROOVEDIAMETER活塞销直径PISTONPINDIAMETER活塞销孔直径PISTONPINBOREDIAMETER进气门座角度INTAKEVALVESEATANGLE排气门座角度EXHAUSTVALVESEATANGLE气门座宽度VALVESEATWIDTH空燃比AIRFUELRATIO最大转矩MAXIMUMTORQUE升转矩TORQUEPERLITER额定功率RATEDPOWER总功率GROSSPOWER净功率NETPOWER有效功率BRAKEPOWER升功率HORSEPOWERPERLITER额定转速RATEDSPEED最大转矩转速SPEEDATMAXIMUMTORQUE最低稳定工作转速LOWESTCONTINUOUSSPEEDWITHLOAD怠速转速IDLINGSPEED发动机负荷ENGINELOAD全负荷FULLLOAD部分负荷PARTIALLOAD机油压力OILPRESSURE机油容量OILCAPACITY机油消耗率SPECIFICOILCONSUMPTION最低燃油消耗率MINIMUMSPECIFICFUELCONSUMPTION有效热效率EFFECTIVETHERMALEFFICIENCY冷却液容量COOLANTCAPACITY空气消耗量AIRCONSUMPTION示功图INDICATORDIAGRAM进气行程INTAKESTROKE压缩行程COMPRESSIONSTROKE膨胀行程EXPANSIONSTROKE排气行程EXHAUSTSTROKE4缸体，曲轴，连杆机构CYLINDER，CRANKSHAFT，CONNECTINGROD气缸体总成CYLINDERBLOCKASSEMBLY气缸体CYLINDERBLOCK曲轴箱CRANKCASE气缸盖CYLINDERHEAD气缸盖螺栓CYLINDERHEADMOUNTINGBOLT气缸垫CYLINDERHEADGASKET燃烧室COMBUSTIONCHAMBER活塞PISTON活塞销PISTONPIN活塞销衬套PISTONPINBUSHING活塞环PISTONRING压缩环（气环）COMPRESSIONRING(GASRING)刮油环（油环）SCRAPPERRING(OILRING)活塞环衬簧PISTONRINGEXPANDER第一压缩环TOPCOMPRESSIONRING第二压缩环SECONDCOMPRESSIONRING连杆CONNECTINGROD连杆盖CONNECTINGRODCAP连杆大头CONNECTINGRODBIGEND连杆小头CONNECTINGRODSMALLEND连杆轴承CONNECTINGRODBEARING连杆螺栓CONNECTINGRODBOLT曲轴CRANKSHAFT曲轴主轴颈CRANKSHAFTMAINJOURNAL曲轴主轴承CRANKSHAFTMAINBEARING主轴承盖MAINBEARINGCAP上衬瓦UPPERINSERT下衬瓦LOWERINSERT曲轴止推轴承CRANKSHAFTTHRUSTBEARING曲轴前油封FRONTCRANKSHAFTSEAL曲轴后油封REARCRANKSHAFTSEAL曲柄CRANK曲柄臂CRANKARM曲柄销CRANKPIN平衡重BALANCEWEIGHT曲轴正时齿轮CRANKSHAFTTIMINGGEAR曲轴减振器CRANKSHAFTVIBRATIONDAMPER曲轴减振器皮带轮VIBRATIONDAMPERPULLEY曲轴链轮CRANKSHAFTSPROCKET飞轮FLYWHEEL飞轮齿圈FLYWHEELRINGGEAR飞轮惯性矩（飞轮转动惯量）FLYWHEELMOMENTOFINERTIA5配气机构VALVEMECHANISM（VALVEGEAR）凸轮轴CAMSHAFT凸轮CAM凸轮轴轴颈CAMSHAFTJOURNAL凸轮轴轴承CAMSHAFTBEARING凸轮轴偏心距CAMSHAFTECCENTRIC凸轮轴链轮CAMSHAFTSPROCKET凸轮轴正时齿轮CAMSHAFTTIMINGGEAR正时齿轮盖TIMINGGEARCOVER正时标记TIMINGMARK凸轮包角CAMANGLE(DWELL)凸轮尖CAMNOSE进气凸轮INLETCAM排气凸轮EXHAUSTCAM正时链条TIMINGCHAIN正时链条张紧器TIMINGCHAINTENSIONER正时链条缓冲器TIMINGCHAINSNUBBER气门VALVE顶置气门OVERHEADVALVE侧置气门SIDEVALVE进气门INTAKEVALVE排气门EXHAUSTVALVE气门头VALVEHEAD气门杆VALVESTEM气门座VALVESEAT进气门密封INTAKEVALVESTEMSEAL排气门密封EXHAUSTVALVESTEMSEAL气门导管VALVEGUIDE气门弹簧VALVESPRING气门弹簧座圈VALVESPRINGRETAINER气门弹簧座锁夹VALVESPRINGRETAINERLOCK气门挺柱VALVETAPPET液压挺柱HYDRAULICTAPPET推杆PUSHROD气门摇臂VALVEROCKERARM摇臂轴ROCKERARMSHAFT摇臂枢轴ROCKERARMPIVOT摇臂过桥ROCKERARMBRIDGE摇臂支架ROCKERARMBRACKET气门室罩CYLINDERHEADCOVER气门室罩衬垫CYLINDERHEADCOVERGASKET6供给系SUPPLYSYSTEM电子燃油喷射系统ELECTRONICFUELINJECTIONSYSTEM多点燃油喷射MULTI-POINTFUELINJECTION（MPI）单点燃油喷射SINGLE-POINTFUELINJECTION（SPI）发动机控制组件ENGINECONTROLMODULE开环控制OPENLOOPCONTROL闭环控制CLOSELOOPCONTROL喷油起点FUELINJECTIONBEGINNING喷油终点FUELINJECTIONEND喷油正时INJECTIONTIMING喷油延迟INJECTIONDELAY节气门（节流阀）体THROTTLEBODY燃油总管FUELRAIL燃油压力调节器FUELPRESSUREREGULATOR真空管VACUUMSUPPLYHOSE燃油回油软管FUELRETURNHOSE快速接头QUICKCONNECTFITTING真空接头VACUUMFITTING进气歧管空气温度传感器MANIFOLDAIRTEMPERATURE(MAT)SENSOR进气歧管绝对压力传感器MANIFOLDABSOLUTEPRESSURE(MAP)SENSOR冷却液温度传感器COOLANTTEMPERATURESENSOR氧传感器OXYGENSENSOR燃油喷嘴FUELINJECTOR(NOZZLE）节气门位置传感器THROTTLEPOSITIONSENSOR曲轴位置传感器CRANKSHAFTPOSITIONSENSOR凸轮轴位置传感器CAMSHAFTPOSITIONSENSOR车辆速度传感器VEHICLESPEEDSENSOR化油器CARBURETOR节气门（节流阀）THROTTLE怠速量孔IDLEMETERINGJET主量孔MAINMETERINGJET空气量孔AIRJET阻风门CHOKEVALVE喉管VENTURI浮子室FLOATBOWL浮子FLOAT加速泵ACCELERATINGPUMP节气门拉线THROTTLECABLE燃油箱FUELTANK燃油箱加油口盖FUELTANKFILLERCAP燃油箱托板FUELTANKSKIDPLATE燃油箱挡板FUELTANKBAFFLE燃油箱通风管FUELTANKVENTTUBE燃油箱通风软管FUELTANKVENTHOSE燃油传感器FUELSENSOR燃油蒸发阀FUELVAPORVALVE燃油箱加油管FUELTANKFILLERTUBE燃油箱加油软管FUELTANKFILLERHOSE燃油箱吊带FUELTANKSTRAP供油管FUELSUPPLYTUBE回油管FUELRETURNTUBE燃油泵FUELPUMP电动燃油泵ELECTRICFUELPUMP燃油泵垫FUELPUMPGASKET燃油滤清器FUELFILTER燃油软管FUELHOSE加速踏板ACCELERATORPEDAL加速踏板杠杆ACCELERATORPEDALLEVER加速踏板安装支架ACCELERATORPEDALMOUNTINGBRACKET加速杠杆枢轴销ACCELERATORLEVERPIVOTPIN加速器控制拉线ACCELERATORCONTROLCABLE加速器回位弹簧ACCELERATORRETURNSPRING7润滑系LUBRICATIONSYSTEM压力润滑PRESSURE-FEEDLUBRICATION飞溅润滑SPLASHLUBRICATION机油尺OILLEVELINDICATOR（DIPSTICK）机油尺管OILLEVELINDICATORTUBE机油尺管支架OILLEVELINDICATORTUBEBRACKET机油泵OILPUMP齿轮式机油泵GEARTYPEOILPUMP转子式机油泵ROTORTYPEOILPUMP机油泵体OILPUMPBODY机油泵盖OILPUMPCOVER（机油泵）进油管INLETTUBE油泵主动齿轮OILPUMPDRIVEGEAR油泵被动齿轮OILPUMPDRIVENGEAR油泵齿轮轴OILPUMPGEARSHAFT机油滤清器OILFILTER机油盘（油底壳）OILPAN机油盘衬垫OILPANGASKET机油盘支撑OILPANSUPPORT机油盘放油塞OILPANDRAINPLUG主油道MAINOILGALLERY旁通阀BYPASSVALVE连杆喷油孔CONNECTINGRODTHROTTLE活塞油槽PISTONOILSLOT凸轮轴油道CAMSHAFTGALLERY曲轴油道CRANKSHAFTGALLERY8进气和排气系INTAKE&EXHAUSTSYSTEM进气歧管INTAKEMANIFOLD进气歧管衬垫INTAKEMANIFOLDGASKET进气加热器INTAKEMANIFOLDHEATER进气歧管真空度INTAKEMANIFOLDVACUUM排气歧管EXHAUSTMANIFOLD排气歧管衬垫EXHAUSTMANIFOLDGASKET排气歧管隔热罩EXHAUSTMANIFOLDHEATSHROUD排气歧管热量控制阀EXHAUSTMANIFOLDHEATCONTROLVALVE阻风门加热器CHOKEVALVEHEATER热空气导流管HOTAIRDUCT废气再循环阀（EGR阀）EXHAUST-GASRECIRCULATIONVALVE(EGRVALVE)消声器MUFFLER前排气管FRONTEXHAUSTPIPE前排气管垫FRONTEXHAUSTPIPEGASKET共振器RESONATOR尾管TAILPIPE尾管前吊架FRONTTAILPIPEHANGER尾管后吊架REARTAILPIPEHANGER消声器悬挂上吊架UPPERMU