英语CET4写作大类及替换词

题材： 旅游（业）； 娱乐； 科技； 环保； 体育（竞技/日常）； 文化（融合；冲击） 教育（就业） 商业（化社会） 法律 艺术 常用替换词 30组： 1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons) 2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)， perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换 good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad做表语，可以有 be less impressive替换 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4. (an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , a host of, many, if not most)替换 many. 注：用 many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that…. 同理 用 most, if not all ,替换 most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换 some 6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that) 7: affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits ) 10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more( 注意没有 growingly这 种形式。 所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly. Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或 little or nothing替换 hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换 helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换 customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换 very 16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable 17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 18.capture one's attention替换 attract one's attention. 19.facet,demension,sphere代 aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换 want. 24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换 remember 26. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意 process是过程的意思) 27. interaction替换 communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible,替换 nearly / almost impossible 分类： 连词篇：（介词，副词） Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, to start with, first of all, at the outset… Then: subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, secondarily, what is more, furthermore (further more)… Lastly: ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finally… Too: as well (句末), in addition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also… And: plus, as well as, along with, in addition, bonus, with… Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else… So (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, hence, that’s why Because: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that… But: however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, 让步 although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that… Only: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely… Without: excluding, Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly, unusually… Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally, truly … 形容词/副词 Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, play a pushing role, indispensable, requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary, basically, necessary… 替换：I think that A is more important than B. 1. A is important to B. 2. A plays an/a important role to B. 3. A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome) to B. 4. B can not (live\developed\grow\survive\achieve) without A. 5. A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B. 6. The importance of A (to B) can never be (exaggerated\denied\ignored\doubted). 7. A is everything/the whole world to B. 8. B is fundamental on A. 9. A matters/counts to B. 10. Nothing is more crucial to B than A. 11. A is to B what the (foundation is to a skyscraper\water is to fish\the heart is to a human) Big: gigantic, massive, colossal, enormous, immense, gargantuan, tremendous, titanic, giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky, ->many: numerous, myriad, infinite, ->forever (adv): infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying, endless, changeless, perpetually… Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, distinguished, remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent, charming, stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesome Bad: awful, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, poor, substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral… Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smart Happy: delightful, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful, Beautiful: charming, charismatic, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet, adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engaging… Fast：swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, nippy, like lightning, hurry (v): hustle, rush, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot. Easy: simple, effortless, no trouble, painless, plain sailing, uncomplicated, undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), child’s play (informal),… Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident, manifest, palpable, plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid, plain, understandable, uninvolved, simple, … Direct: bald, basic, frank, naked, plain, sincere, stark, straightforward, candid, forthright, outspoken…. Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, knotty, perplexing, puzzling, thorny… Angry: annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate, mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful... Dangerous: perilous, breakneck, chancy (informal), hazardous, insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable 动词 Think (that): hold the (opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea) that, assume, believe, deem, reckon, argue, maintain, suppose, conceive, insist, be convinced, to my knowledge, personally, from my personal perspective, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle, consider, conceive, perspective... Show: convey, reveal, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example (reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward… Know: realize, comprehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with, Get: acquire, attain, acquire, achieve, obtain, gain “学习” 不用 learn Suggest: have a proposal in, Increase: magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance… Impress: affect, inspire, engrave on, imprint of, Influence: impact, affect, guide, sway, Stop: halt, cease, conclude, desist, end, pause, put an end to, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate… Make: create, assemble, built, construct, form, manufacture; fore, cause, compel, constrain, drive, impel, induce, oblige, prevail, upon, require… Give: present, award, contribute, deliver, donate, grant, hand over, hand out, provide, supply Break：separate, burst, crack, destroy, disintegrate, fracture, fragment, shatter, smash, snap Destroy: ruin, raze, annihilate, crush, demolish, devastate, eradicate, shatter, wipe out, wreck, obliterate, weaken, undermine… Happen: occur, come about, come to pass, develop, result, take place, transpire Improve 提高： Promote: 促进 AC之间的贸易 promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company. Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常 的，可换做 vastly) advanced. Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他 的名望 change 改变： Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容 slight change。 说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以 及当地的工业结构 Emphasize 强调： Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可 以换作 local) plants and insects. Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children. Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor. (highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而 能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而 emphasize则是使重点清 晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而 stress则和 emphasize差不多) Develop培养： Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life. Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals. Break 破坏： Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。 Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意， 重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。 比如 Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程 Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the whole city. Keep 保存 Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用 protect， protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。 deal With解决 Tackle: tackle the problem. Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机； 来自拉丁语，比较正式。 need 需要 Require：xxx requires courage and confidence. Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。 call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴 马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且 call for也挺正式的】）：跟 need 一样的用法 形容词替换： Everywhere 普遍的 Widespread: 随便用 Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers. Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers. Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控 制。H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥 Good 好的（太多了） Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive… Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system. Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业 Harmful 有害的 Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting Inhumane: 没人性的 lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.) severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.) abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.) Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health. Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。 Rich 富有的 Wealthy、Affluent、ample There are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！) Poor 贫穷的 Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.）an impoverished student. Serious 严重的 Severe Obvious 明显的 Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system. Apparent、Evident Patent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。 cheap 便宜的 Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用 房：economically affordable housing。 Inexpensive=cheap Reasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable price Affordable：能够支付的。 名词替换： Forefather 祖先 Ancestor、Predecessor Difference不同 Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-4/6 Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy and food intolerance (TBBT里面的 Howard就有 lactose intolerance，一吃 peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹 rash哈哈。) 再想牛就用 schism。比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical medicine and public health.(有本书就叫这个。) Crime 犯罪 Delinquency：一般 crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，为显 示词汇量可以与 crime连用 Criminal Act：犯罪行为 Environment 环境 Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”。 Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。Nearby可与之互换。 The surrounding area. Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当 atmosphere表示 大气层的意思的时候则不能。 Pollution 污染 Contamination: 我觉得太装 B了，他的 pp还不错：contaminated water—特指被污染的水 Human 人类 Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词 The human race Humankind Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有 人之类的意思。 Danger 危险 Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；safety/nature hazard. In modern society 在当今社会 In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age Problem: issue, question, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma. Meeting: conference, discussion, assembly, conclave, congress, convention, gathering session, assignation, encounter, confrontation, argument, controversy… Study: learning, application, lessons, reading, research, school work, examination, analysis, consideration, contemplation, inspection, investigation, knowledge, scholarship… Advantage: benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit… Disadvantage: shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap, downside, limitation.