ASTM A790-A790M 2011 英文最新版

Designation: A790/A790M – 11 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A790/A790M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification2 covers seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corro- sive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittle- ment if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures. 1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for pipe when a greater degree of testing is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the order. 1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions of welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order. NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as nominal diameter, size, and nominal size. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:3 A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu- bular Products Using Magnetic Saturation E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Auste- nitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS) 2.2 ANSI Standards:4 B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe 2.3 SAE Standard:5 SAE J 1086 2.4 Other Standard:6 SNT-TC-1A Personal Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 2.5 AWS Standard A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium- Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci- fication refer to Terminology A941. 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A790/A790M–10. DOI: 10.1520/A0790_A0790M-11. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA–790 in Section II of that Code. 3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 5 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. 6 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Not for Resale - - ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately: 4.1.1 Quantity (feet, [metres], or number of lengths), 4.1.2 Name of material (ferritic/austenitic steel pipe), 4.1.3 Process (seamless or welded), 4.1.4 Grade (see Table 1), 4.1.5 Size (NPS designator or outside diameter and sched- ule number of average wall thickness), 4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (see Section 11), 4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A999/ A999M), 4.1.8 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 9; hydrostatic test or nondestructive electric test, Section 14), 4.1.9 Test report required (section on certification of Speci- fication A999/A999M), 4.1.10 Specification designation, and 4.1.11 Special requirements and any supplementary require- ments selected. 5. General Requirements 5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con- form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein. 6. Materials and Manufacture 6.1 Manufacture: 6.1.1 The pipe shall be made by the seamless or an automatic welding process, with no addition of filler metal in the welding operation. 6.1.2 At the manufacturer’s option, pipe may be either hot-finished or cold-finished. TABLE 1 Heat Treatment UNS Designation Type A Temperature °F [°C] Quench S31200 1920–2010 [1050–1100] Rapid cooling in water S31260 1870–2010 [1020–1100] Rapid cooling in air or water S31500 1800–1900 [980–1040] Rapid cooling in air or water S31803 1870–2010 [1020–1100] Rapid cooling in air or water S32003 1850–2050 [1010–1120] Rapid cooling in air or water S32101 1870 [1020] Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means S32202 1870–1975 [1020–1080] Rapid cooling in air or water S32205 2205 1870–2010 [1020–1100] Rapid cooling in air or water S32304 2304 1700–1920 [925–1050] Rapid cooling in air or water S32506 1870–2050 [1020–1120] Rapid cooling in air or water S32520 1975–2050 [1080–1120] Rapid cooling in air or water S32550 255 1900 [1040] min Rapid cooling in air or water S32707 1975–2050 [1080–1120] Rapid cooling in air or water S32750 2507 1880–2060 [1025–1125] Rapid cooling in air or water S32760 1960–2085 [1070–1140] Rapid cooling in air or water S32808 1920–2100 [1050–1150] Rapid cooling in air or water S32900 329 1700–1750 [925–955] Rapid cooling in air or water S32906 1870–2100 [1020–1150] Rapid cooling in air or water S32950 1820–1880 [990–1025] Air cool S33207 1905–2085 [1040–1140] Rapid cooling in water or by other means S39274 1920–2060 [1025–1125] Rapid cooling in air or water S39277 1975–2155 [1080–1180] Rapid cooling in air or water S81921 1760–2010 [960–1100] Rapid cooling in air or water S82011 1850–2050 [1010–1120] Rapid cooling in air or water ACommon name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer. 329 is na AISI number. A790/A790M – 11 2 Not for Resale 6.1.3 The pipe shall be pickled free of scale. When bright annealing is used, pickling is not necessary. 6.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. 6.3 Unless otherwise stated in the order, all pipe shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition as shown in Table 1. 6.3.1 For seamless pipe, as an alternate to final heat treat- ment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace, immedi- ately following hot forming while the temperature of the pipes is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, pipes shall be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means, except for UNS S32950, which shall be air cooled. 6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatment subsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify the following condition: 6.3.2.1 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated from plate that has been heat treated as required by Table 1 for the particular grade is required, provided a sample of that heat of finished pipe or material representative of that heat of pipe as a prolongation of the weld passes the Test Methods A923 Method B or C (See Note 2), including base metal, weld metal, and heat affected zone per heat. Each pipe supplied under this requirement shall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O.” 6.3.2.2 For materials not listed in Table 3 of Test Methods A923, the HT-O provision does not apply. NOTE 2—The Test Methods A923 test method (B or C) is at the manufacturer’s option, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. 7. Chemical Composition 7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements as prescribed in Table 2. 8. Heat Analysis 8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele- ments specified. 9. Product Analysis 9.1 At the request of the purchaser’s inspector, an analysis of one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or two pipes from each lot, shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist of the following number of lengths of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel: NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof 9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s representative and shall conform to the requirements specified in Section 7. 9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1 does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, an TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsA UNS Designa- tionB TypeC C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo N Cu Others S31200 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 5.5–6.5 24.0–26.0 1.20–2.00 0.14–0.20 . . . . . . S31260 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.030 0.75 5.5–7.5 24.0–26.0 2.5–3.5 0.10–0.30 0.20–0.80 W 0.10–0.50 S31500 0.030 1.20–2.00 0.030 0.030 1.40–2.00 4.2–5.2 18.0–19.0 2.50–3.00 0.05–0.10 . . . . . . S31803 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 4.5–6.5 21.0–23.0 2.5–3.5 0.08–0.20 . . . . . . S32003 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 3.0–4.0 19.5-22.5 1.50–2.00 0.14–0.20 . . . . . . S32101 0.040 4.0–6.0 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.35–1.70 21.0–22.0 0.10–0.80 0.20–0.25 0.10–0.80 . . . S32202 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 1.00–2.80 21.5–24.0 0.45 0.18–0.26 . . . . . . S32205 2205 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 4.5–6.5 22.0–23.0 3.0–3.5 0.14–0.20 . . . . . . S32304 2304 0.030 2.50 0.040 0.040 1.00 3.0–5.5 21.5–24.5 0.05–0.60 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.60 . . . S32506 0.030 1.00 0.040 0.015 0.90 5.5–7.2 24.0–26.0 3.0–3.5 0.08–0.20 . . . W 0.05–0.30 S32520 0.030 1.5 0.035 0.020 0.80 5.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–5.0 0.20–0.35 0.5–3.00 . . . S32550 255 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.5–6.5 24.0–27.0 2.9–3.9 0.10–0.25 1.50–2.50 . . . S32707 0.030 1.50 0.035 0.010 0.50 5.5–9.5 26.0–29.0 4.0–5.0 0.30–0.50 1.0 Co 0.5–2.0 S32750 2507 0.030 1.20 0.035 0.020 0.80 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–5.0 0.24–0.32 0.5 . . . S32760 0.05 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 0.20–0.30 0.50–1.00 W 0.50–1.00 40 minD S32808 0.030 1.10 0.030 0.010 0.50 7.0–8.2 27.0–27.9 0.80–1.20 0.30–0.40 . . . W 2.10–2.50 S32900 329 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.75 2.5–5.0 23.0–28.0 1.00–2.00 . . . . . . . . . S32906 0.030 0.80–1.50 0.030 0.030 0.80 5.8–7.5 28.0–30.0 1.50–2.60 0.30–0.40 0.80 . . . S32950 0.030 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 3.5–5.2 26.0–29.0 1.00–2.50 0.15–0.35 . . . . . . S33207 0.030 1.50 0.035 0.010 0.80 6.0–9.0 29.0–33.0 3.0–5.0 0.40–0.60 1.0 S39274 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.020 0.80 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 2.5–3.5 0.24–0.32 0.20–0.80 W 1.50–2.50 S39277 0.025 0.80 0.025 0.002 0.80 6.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 0.23–0.33 1.20–2.00 W 0.8–1.2 S81921 0.030 2.00–4.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 2.00–4.00 19.0–22.0 1.00–2.00 0.14–0.20 . . . . . . S82011 0.030 2.0–3.0 0.040 0.020 1.00 1.00–2.00 20.5–23.5 0.10–1.00 0.15–0.27 0.50 . . . AMaximum, unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (...) appear in this table, there is no minimum and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported. B New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086. CCommon name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer. 329 is na AISI number. D % Cr + 3.3 3 % Mo + 16 3 % N. A790/A790M – 11 3 Not for Resale - - ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be made, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements shall be accepted. 10. Tensile and Hardness Properties 10.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in Table 3. 11. Lengths 11.1 Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the following regular practice: 11.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, all sizes from NPS 1⁄8 to and including NPS 8 are available in a length up to 24 ft (see Note 3) with the permissible range of 15 to 24 ft (see Note 3). Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimum length shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness Requirements UNS Designation Type A Tensile Strength, min, ksi [MPa] Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % Hardness, max HBW HRC S31200 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 280 . . . S31260 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 . . . . . . S31500 92 [630] 64 [440] 30 290 30 S31803 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30 S32003 95 [655] 65 [450] 25 290 30 S32101 t # 0.187 in. [5.00 mm] 101 [700] 77 [530] 30 290 . . . t > 0.187 in. [5.00 mm] 94 [650] 65 [450] 30 290 . . . S32202 94 [650] 65 [450] 30 290 30 S32205 2205 95 [655] 65 [450] 25 290 30 S32304 2304 87 [600] 58 [400] 25 290 30 S32506 90 [620] 65 [450] 18 302 32 S32520 112 [770] 80 [550] 25 310 . . . S32550 255 110 [760] 80 [550] 15 297 31 S32707 133 [920] 101 [700] 25 318 34 S32750 2507 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 300 32 S32760B 109 [750] 80 [550] 25 300 . . . S32808 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 310 32 S32900 329 90 [620] 70 [485] 20 271 28 S32906 Wall below 0.40 in. [10 mm] 116 [800] 94 [650] 25 300 32 Wall 0.40 in. [10 mm] and above 109 [750] 80 [550] 25 300 32 S32950 100 [690] 70 [480] 20 290 30 S33207 Wall below 0.157 in. [4 mm] 138 [950] 112 [770] 15 336 36 Wall 0.157 in. [4 mm] and above 123 [850] 101 [700] 15 336 36 S39274 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 310 32 S39277 120 [825] 90 [620] 25 290 30 S81921 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30 S82011 Wall below 0.187 in. [5.00 mm] 101 [700] 75 [515] 30 293 31 Wall 0.187 in. [5.00 mm] and above 95 [655] 65 [450] 30 293 31 ACommon name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer. 329 is na AISI number. B Prior to A790/A790M – 04, the tensile strength value for UNS 32760 was 109–130 ksi [750–895 MPa]. A790/A790M – 11 4 Not for Resale - - ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - NOTE 3—This value applies when the inch-pound designation of this specification is the basis of purchase. When the M designation of this specification is the basis of purchase, the corresponding metric value(s) shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. 11.1.2 If definite cut lengths are desired, the lengths re- quired shall be specified in the order. No pipe shall be less than the specified length and no more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] over it. 11.1.3 No jointers are permitted unless otherwise specified. 12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 12.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight and shall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be re- moved by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are not decreased to less than that permitted, in the Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness Section of Specification A999/ A999M. 13. Mechanical Tests Required 13.1 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 100 pipes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from 2 pipes for lots of more than 100 pipes. 13.2 Mechanical Testing Lot Definition —The term lot for mechanical tests applies to all pipe of the same nominal size and wall thickness (or schedule) that is produced from the same heat of steel and subjected to the same finishing treatment as defined as follows: 13.2.1 Where the heat treated condition is obtained, consis- tent with the requirements of 6.3, in a continuous heat treatment furnace or by directly obtaining the heat treated condition by quenching after hot forming, the lot shall include all pipe of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed or all pipe of the same size and heat, hot formed and quenched in the same production run. 13.2.2 Where final heat treatment is obtained, consistent with the requirements of 6.3, in a batch-type heat-treatment furnace equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically controlled within a 50 °F [30 °C] or smaller range, the lot shall be the larger of (a) each 200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof or (b) that pipe heat treated in the same batch furnace charge. 13.2.3 Where the final heat treatment is obtained, consistent with the requirements of 6.3, in a batch-type heat-treatment furnace not equipped with recording pyrometers and automati- cally controlled within a 50 °F [30 °C] or smaller range, the term lot for mechanical tests applies to the pipe heat treated in the same batch furnace charge, provided that such pipe is of the same nominal size and wall thickness (or schedule) and is produced from the same heat of steel. 13.3 Flattening Test—For pipe heat treated in a batch-type furnace, flattening tests shall be made on 5 % of the pipe from each heat-treated lot. For pipe heat treated by the continuous process, or by direct quenching after hot forming, this test shall be made on a sufficient number of pipes to constitute 5 % of the lot, but in no case less than two lengths of pipe. 13.3.1 For welded pipe with a diameter equal to or exceed- ing NPS 10, a transverse guided face bend test of the weld may be conducted instead of a flattening test in accordance with the method outlined in the steel tubular product supplement of Test Methods and Definitions A370. The ductility of the weld shall be considered acceptable when there is no evidence of cracks in the weld or between the weld and the base metal after bending. Test specimens from 5 % of the lot shall be taken from the pipes or test plates of the same material as the pipe, the test plates being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitudinal seam. 13.4 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two pipes from each lot (see 13.2). 14. Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test 14.1 Each pipe shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order. 14.2 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci- fication A999/A999M, except that the value for S to be used in the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure shall be equal to 50 % of the specif