完型2011

完型填空 Directions: Read the following text。 Choose mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANsWER Passage one In192哇American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervis。a serie of industrlal experiⅢents at a1arge telephoneˉparts factory called the Hawth°rn ~~Plmti妥聂≡Γthiρβg°·~I|j廴9pq-|hey Ψould leaJn how stopˉfloor l泓g~ lˉ~Lw。rker produc丽y。 Instead, the studies ended~ˉ2~ˉˉgiving their namo to the “Hawthorn ∶:∶∶ c∶ ∶。∶∶∶甘 ’ ∶:∶∶∶:∶∶Iit∶l∶;∶∶∶∶ l idea1tⅠ 1LⅠ∶fL芏f凵-ˉ -ˉet￡三￡fLexper1mente The idea arose because of the 亠~4~ behavior of the wo皿en in the Hawthorn p1ant。 According to ~ˉ5_of the experiments, their hour1y output rose whθn ligh1ing was increased, bu北also ψhen it was di匝med. It did not 6 what was don in the experi皿ent; ~ェ~7=someting义鱼s ch-nged,pr9duCtivIty rose。 A【n,~_ 8ˉ~~tˉha they were be1ng experlmented upon seeⅢed to be ^′9 to a1弱禹 orkers, behav△o∶ ⊥⋯ 眦 : ∴ 疝势 ∵ 亻After several decades, ~oe s蜘re ~11~tˉo eConometric the ana1ysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store~12~ˉth0desCriptions on record: .no systematic~13~ˉwas found that 1eve1s of productivity were re1ated to change, in lighting。 the best wOrd〈s) for each numbered blank aJl SHEET 。 ???? ??〓〓〓?? ?? h扣落苫嘿笱:I∶∶lI∶?南,1h沪岁羊毡羰瑟t;p婴∞ss洫抚y狙辶 ~ˇto n出r虞￥嚣:=慧∵ =苠 蹒 铽p刂comparison with data for Teeks when there ∶∶∶弘Ⅰ∵菇蕊:T:∶∶∶骂 :L∶∶II嬲:∶∶l∶1∶l∶∶∶:;盅Ⅴ∷变s∶ that the a11eged” Ha9rthorne effect “ is hard to pin down. 9、 l。 [ˉAiˉaffect0d [B] achieved [c] extracted [D] restored 9、-2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off 氵 I i∶ ∶∶ ∶:lt∶∶∶∶∶::∶∶∶:∶∶ 丨:: ∶∶∶p∶∶;i∶∶∶∶∶∶钮ischievous、[D] ambiguous 1s [C△accounts [D] assessments `d1° ate [D] work 1t [C] in case that [D] so long as [C] sentiment [D] i11usion |enough ED]abundant by ~ 11。 [A] compared [B]s⒕own 〔ε]/subjecte- [η口 conveyed ∶∶|、~I ェ¨2- [A] contrary to [B].consistent with 1￡,;par311el with [D] pea11iar to 13~ [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]im01ication [D]source 、ˉ 《 · l茌ˇ 15∶ 16. 17. 20. [A] disputable [B]enl应奁htening [C]reliable [D]mis⊥eading usual 拓 尢″乙负 1. A 2. B 3. C z。1. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C 12.A 13, A 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. D 18.C 19. B 20. D Passage two 鞣 惑找扩熙撂捃黯摺弑筵=屯 ⒊挨 0rganization in41years。 ' '- · ' The heightened alert~ˉz~。ˉn emergency meeting w三查h flu experts亠n Geneva tha assemb1ed after a sharp pisb in cases ∶ Britain ,japan,Chi1e and elsewhere。 ~an unusually 1atge nuⅢber of hospitalizations and deaths~⊥8~ˉhea1thy adults。 A 烈唑型HⅡhutd掣摞岽潇觜瀛 TgTto-g_i荔;City。the southwestem Unlted States and In the United state忘, n0巾caseo seemed to J甚¤￡~ 1ˉ0~=Warmer weather arrived.Bu 瑟咒瑟:∶1:∶:豇:弪黥 :笸罗挠dk∶瑟搌庵F点f拉— as(A)HlNl,not seasonal f1u。In the U。s。 ,1t has~ˉ13~冖狃0re than one Ⅲi11ion people,an 一啷嘎揽怒罗1￡找yd叮e氓昊墨扩嚣黑靶纟獬毖 ∶∶;C:∶∶∶∶J;l11昏:1茧⒒瑟 :絮11∶ 1蛋备孓蛮冫刂IF:;廴 :∶∶,艺挡幕玉∵h expectations。LIore than three mi11ion doses were to be made avai1able主 200q,though most of those~ˉ17ェ~doses were of the F1uMist nasa1 spray type,巾hic is not ~ˉ18~ ˉfor pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficu1ties,heart disease or seveFal other~ˉ19~。But it was sti11 possib1e to￡∶c丨:W ∶∶l∶∶°∶∶∶∶∶∶ ∶∶j∶∶∶∶∶^20^i∶雾t 2. [A] proceeded EB] activatedˉ[q] fo11owed (Dl prompted 3. [A] digits x匚B] numbers [C1 am°unts 〔D) sums 续. [A彐~Mαderatre%~[B] normal [C] unusua1 [D] extreme 5· [A]'with EB] in [C] from [D] by· :∶ ::l ∶∶∶∶∶∶;S 趑:∶∶∶∶∶∶。n[C:clr∶∶∶∶∶∶t ~」邑¨」[A] Over [B] for [δ0′ am。ng ED] to 拯 :∶ce ~ 。 「Al~ftay up `虽里彐 '乞 r。p up EC] fi11 up [D] cover up ~ 哼:|| :∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶fE:∶∶:∶∶∶i∶∶∶s :∶∶l∶∶∶∶∶fica扌i;`:苷:v1agnific∶ntEC] patterns EE〈l'samples ∶∶∶ ∶l| ∶∶;∶∶∶∶: E::]r∶l∶;∶∶?dEc:GJ1∶∶∶∶∶∶e:D]巳::m∶∶∶∶∶ted 15.,EA] placing EB] de1ivering EC3taking ED〕 giving 16. 匚A] feasible EB」 avai1able EC] re1iab1e [D] applicable 17. [A] prevalent EB彐 principal EC] innovati氵e ED] initial 18. EA」 presented EB] rest壬icted Ec]rec°mmended [D] intr°duced 19. EA] pr°blems 【B] issues Ecl ag。nies EpJ o刂Fferings 20. rA] inv。lved in EB] caring for EC3 concerned with ED] warding off 1.D 2。 C 3。 B 哇。A 5∶ A 6。 B 7.D 8。 C 9。 B 10。 A ∶ 11。 C 12。 D 13。 D 14。 A 15。 C 16。 B 17。 D 18。 C 19。 A 20。 B Passago three Research on animal intel11gence a1ways makes Ⅲe wOnder Just how s1【lart human are。 1~ ˉthe fruit-f1y experiⅢents desCribed in Carl z土mⅢer’ s pieCe in the scienc Times on Tuesday。 Fruit flies who were taught to be s】△arter than the average frui f1y2~ˉ.Ⅰρ亠ive shorter1ives. This suggests that3~ˉbulbs burn longer, that theェ is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright。 Intelli宫ence, it 5 out, io a high-priced option。 It takes Iaore upkeep, burr more fuel and is s1oT6 the start主ng line because 1t depends on learn1ngˉˉ gradua1 7 -instead of instinct。 P1enty of other species are able to1earn, ar 0ne of the things they’ ve apparontly learned is when t。 8 . Is thero an adaptive ψo1讧o to9 intelligence?That’ s the questioh behind thi new research。 I1ike it。 Instead of casting a wistfu1g1ance10 at all the speciε ψe’ ve 1eft in the dust I。Q。 -wise, it impliCit1y asks what the real 11 of 。1 own inte11igence 血ight be。 This is 12 the mind of every anima1 I’ ve ever me1 Research on ani田a1 inte11igenGe also makes Ⅲe w°nder what experiments anima] would 13 on humans if they had the chance。 Every cat with an owner, 14 , i running a small-sca1e study in operant conditioning。 we be1ieve that 15~ anima] ran the labs, they Ψould test u$to16 the1imits of our patience, our faithfulnesE our memor夕f。r terrain. They wOu1d try to decide w·hat inte11igence in humans is real] 17 , n0t 皿ere1y how皿uCh 0f it there is. 18 , they wou1d hope to study a 19 question:Are humans aCtually aware of the world they1ive in?20 the resu11 are inconc1usive. 1· [A]Suppose rB]Con蜕der lCl0讷ewe D]Imaghe 2,[A]tended rB]feared 1C]happened rD]dreatened 3.[A]曲洫 σ EB]stabler [Cnighter ED]dhmmer ⒋lA卜endency EBl advantage lC1∶nclh猁on D10Ι。。矽ˉ 5ˇ [A]hsisfs on ∶tB]s111ns up [C]tLlms°哎 pl puts f。唧ard 乒 lA]of rB]beⅡnd rc]over p]along 7.【Al incredible rBl spon圮Ⅱ。us lC扣σˇ"abh 卩冫]gadual8.lA]￡ght rB]doubt lC]茁op ED]仇ink ·9.【Al invisme 1B]li血托d lC]妇1Ⅱ剖巳n"e tD]d搀rent lO.lA]upward rB]foⅢard [C卜岐e泅铷d EDl backwaJd 11.[Al feames LB]妇~巳uences 【C]results 卩D]。os“ J纽A]outsⅡe rBl on ∶lcl by rDl acr。ss 13.lA]de加er EBl。Ⅲγ lCl perfom lD]app~ 14.【A]by chan∞ IBl犰∞ntnst lCl as usual lD]for in“anGe 工L[A]r [B]mless 【Cl as rDl le“ 16.lA]m°demte rBl overcome lCl determ珈 p]re弼h 17· [A]at rB]for lC]aner ED]w血 哆 lA]Above狨l IB]Aaer dl lc]H°wever fDl otherwise 19.lA]mdament浏 lB]comprehensive ICl oqu加斑ent rDl hos沱ile 20.lA]By a∞ident EB]In畦me lcl s0nr ED]Bet。er雨l1 l-5 BADBC 6-lO ADCBD 11-15 DBCDA Passage four 一 The idea that some groups of peop1e may be more inte11igent than others is or of those hypotheses that dare n0t spQak lts name. But Gregory CoChran is⊥ to sε it anyw芭y. He is that2~ bird, a scientist ψho wOrks independent1y3 aay institutic He he1ped popularize the idea that some diseases not4~ˉthought to have a bacteriε cause were actua11y infoctioh忘:∷ 币hich aroused much controversy when it Ψas firs suggested。 亘he, hoWever, might tremble at the6~ˉof what he is about to do。 Together wi1 another two sCientists, he is pub1ishing a paper whiCh not only三 that °ne gro1 of humanit'is more inte11igent than the others, but exp1汪ins the process that hε brought this about。 The gr0up i且8are a particu1ar peoo1e o宝iginated fr°m centrε Europe。 The process is natural se1e。ti°n. This group genera11y ￠9了e11 io IQ test, 9~12丁15 points above the 10~ va11 of 100, and have cOntributed11 to the inte11eGtual and cultura1 1ife of the Wes1 as the12 of their elites, 1nc1uding severa1wOr1d-renomed scientists,13they a1. suffer more often than Ⅲost peop1e from a number of nasty genetic diseases, su〈 as breast Cancer. These facts, 14ave prev圭ous1y been thought unre1ated. The formc λas been 15 socia1 effects, suCh⒏s a strong tradition of 1鱼Lucation. The 1att〈 was seen as a (an)~17genetic isolation. Dr。 Cochraa suggests that the inte11igen〈 and diseases are intimately18is argument is that the unusual history of these peop∶ ????? ? ??? ? ??〓〓? ?? ?〓??? has 19~em to unique evo1utionary pressures that have resu1ted in this 20 ate oj affairs. 1. [A] se1ected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased 2. [A] unique[B] particular[C] speGial[D] rare 3. [A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against 4. [A] subsequent1y[B] presently[C] previously[D] lately 5. [A] 0nly[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence 6.[A] thought[B] sight[C] cost[D] risk 7.[A] advises[B] suggests[C] pr°tests[D] objects 8.[A] pr。gress[B] fact[C] need[D] question 9.[A] attaining[B] scorin宫[C] reaching[D] ca1cu1ating 10.[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] tota1 11.[A] unc。nscious1y[B] dispr。portionate1y [C] indefinitely[D] unaccountab1y 12.[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers ′ 13.[A] affirⅢ[B] 平itness[C] observe[D] appr°ve 14.[A] m。reover[B] theref。re[C] howeˇer[D] Ⅲeanwhile 15. [A] given up[B] got oψerEc] carried 。n[D] put down 16∶ [A] assessing[B] supervising[C] adⅢinistering[D] 氵a1uing 17. [A] deve1opment[B] origin[C] consequenC0[D] instrument 18. [A] linked[B] intOgrated[C] ψoven[D] coⅢbined 19.[A] limited[B] subjected[C] convert0d[D] direoted ~~ ~ 20丁[A]=parad。xical[B] incompatib1e[C] inevitab1e[D] continuous 1、 答案:B ~ 解析:本题测试语义逻辑衔接。 “ζe1ected” 意为 “挑选”; “prepared”意为 “准备”: “obhged”意为 饣迫使;责成”; “pleased”意为 “高兴地,满足地”, 言 一句 “人们不敢说”,本旬中由“but”一词可推出意思与上旬相反,即 “Cochran准备 说”, 所以选 B. 2、 答案:D 解析:本题测试词义辨析 。 “umque”意为 “唯一的, 独特的”; “p盯ticu1ar” 意为 “特殊的, 独特的”; “special”意为 “特别的, 特殊的”; “rare?意为 “稀军 的,珍贵的”,rare bird葸为 “稀有的人”,空格相关意思是 “只有 Coch亡a准备说”,了 且 “rare bird” 是固定搭配,所 以选 D 3、 答案:A 解析:本题测试介词的语意搭配,independently0f意为·“不依赖于, 独立”,肋 以选 A 在、答案:C 解析:本题测试词义辨析。由“actually”推出本旬是对现在和以前对疾病看法的刈 比,所以选 C 5、 答案:C 解析:本题测试副词的用法及语段的迕贯性。Even做程度副词,表示递进关系,意丿 “即使他自己也⋯”。所以选 C 6、 答案:A 解析:本题测试词义搭配。空格相关意思是 “一想囝J他 即将要儆的,即使他自己也⋯.” “At thought of”意为 “一看到⋯”; at si曲t of意为年 “一看见”;at cost of崖 为 “以⋯的代价”:at risk of意为 “冒着⋯.的危险”,所以选 A 7、 答案:B 解析:本题测试动词辨析。扪vice意为 “建议”; suggest意为 “建议,提出’” protest“主张,断言”;ˉ object“反对”,此句指 “在论文中, 他建议¨”,所以选 B 8、 答案:D 解析:本题测试词组搭配 ,in progress意为 “进行中”:in fact意为 “事实上” in need意为 “在危难中″; in question慧为 “正在被讨论的”,前一句正在谈论 “group群体” ,本句衔按上一句表达 “正在被讨论的这个群体”,所以选 D 9.答案:B 解析:本题考查动词辨析¤从该句中的 12-15points可知,前面的动词是与分数相9 的。score的意思是得分,打分,而英他三顼没有这层意思◇故答案为 B。 10.答案:C 解折:本题考查形容词辨析。文中提到这组人 IQ测试得分比 100分高 12△ 5分,按熙 常识,lO0分是平均分,mean的意思是平均的。所以答案为 C。 n。 答案:B 解析:本题考查上下文的逻辑关系和副词辨析。扯sproportionate1y的意思是不成凵 例地,不相称地,比例太大 (或太小的)。 这句话要传达的意思是这纽人做贡献的比例非常大 故答案选 B。 12.答案:D 解析:本题考查上下文的逻辑关系和名词辨析。as引导的状语从旬用一些精英 (包括吊 学家)的职业证明前面提到的这组人所做的贡献非常大,career的意思是职业,事业,符嗟 此惹,故选 D。 13.答案:A 解析:本题考查动词辨析。选项 1A]affirⅢ意为确认,肯定,符合题意。雨 [B】witnes 常用作及物动词,表示见证,表明:EC]observe,表示观察,评论,以人作主语;rD]意月 为批准,通过的薏思,也是人作主语。故答案为 A。 14.答案:C 解析:本题考查逻辑关系1前文同时叙述了关于这组人的两种现象,这两种现象明显 是有关联的,但是这句话说到先前人们认为两者没有关系,上下文构成转折关系,故选 C￠ I5.答案:D 解析:本题考查圃定搭配。get down to的意思是归因于,符合句意。而 give up t【 的意思是让给,get over to的意思是让某人明白某事,carry on的意思是继续开展,坚持 均不合题意。故答案为 D。 16.答案:D ∷解析:本题考查动词辨析。此处要传达的意思是重视教育的传统,只有rD]valuing衤 合题意。 17.答案:C 解析:本题考查名词辨析。此句的意思是后者是由genetic iso1ation导致的结果 , consequence的意思是结果,后果,故答案为 C。 18.答案:A 解析:本题考查动词辨析。此句 Dr.∞chran的观点是这两者是密切关联的。hnk綦 示两者之间的关联或联系;integrate表示两者缭合为一个整体;wal/e表示两耆交织在一起 ∞mbine表示两者结合。只有 hnk符合题意◇故选 A。 19.答案:B 解析:本题考查动词辨析。subject to意为使⋯经受或遭受:h碱t to表示限制 ;∞nver to表示转变 :direct to表示指向。本句的意思是说这些人不同寻常的历史使他们经受了∮ 特的进化压力,只有 B符合题意。 20.答案:A 解析:本题考查形容词辨析。此处要传达的意思是独特的进化压力导致了这种似乎矛ˉ 盾的状况。paradoXical表示似乎矛盾的,似是而非的;in∞mpatible表示不兼容的,不 —ˉ—协调的:inevitable表示不可避免的∷∞ntinuous表示连续的。只有 A符合题意。 Passage five By 1830 the for【ler sp8nish and Portuguese Colonies had become independent nations。 The rough1y20mi11ion l of these nations looked 2 to the future Born irl the crisis of the o1d regime and Iberian Colonialism, Ⅲany of the leader of independence 鱼~ the ldeas of representative govern皿ent, Careers 4 t( ta1ent, freedom of c0lllmerce and trade, the 亘 t°priaˇte property, and a belie in the individual as the basis of sOGiety, 6 there was a be1ief th⒏t the new nation should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be econ°mica11y viab1 and integrated by a 王 set 。f 1aws。 on the issue of 昼 of religlon and the position of the Church, 9~ , ther was 1ess agreement 10 the leadership“ ~Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the°nly one 11~ by the span】sh crown, ⊥z m°st leaders sought t maintain Catholicism 13 the°fficial religion of the new states, some sough to end the △4 of other faiths。 The defense of the Church bocame a ˉrallying 匝 f。r the cons卩rvative fotoes。 ∷ ‘ The ideals。f the early1eaders°f independence were often ega1itar1an, va1uin ——·—equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid fro田Haiti and had 16 in retur to abolish s1avery in the areas he 1iberated。 By 1854 slavery had been abolishe everywhere except Spain’s 17 co1onies. Ear1y-pFOmises to end IndiaJl tribute an taxes on peop1e of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nati°ns sti11neede the revenue such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments were often teⅢpered by fears that the mass of the popu1ation was 扯 self-rule and democraGy. 1.[A] 】atives [B] Inhabitants [C] pe0ples[D] individua1s 2. [A] confusedly EB] cheerfu11y [c] 甲0rriedly[D] hop0fully 3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained[D] rejected 4. [A] re1ated [B] c1ose [C] open[D] devoted 5.[A]accessˉEB1· succession[Cl rightED]return 6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidenta11y [C] 0bviously[D] Genera11y 7. [A] unique [B] comⅡ°n [C] particu1ar[D] typica1 8. [A] freedom [B] origin rCl impact[D] reform 9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed[D] m。reover 10^[A] with [B] about [c] am°ng[D] by 1⊥。 [A] a11°wed [B] preached [C] granted[D] funded 12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Un1ess[D] While 13, [A] as [B] for [C] under[D] against 14, [A] spread [B] interfe士ence [c] exc1usion[D] inf1uence 15. [A] support [B] cry [C] p1ea[D] wish 16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected[D] pr。Ⅲised 17, [A] contro11ing [B] forⅢer [C] re血aining[D] original 18, [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier[D] tougher 19. [A] created [B] pr°duced [C] contri-uted[D] preferred 20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pess∶mistic about[D] unprepared for 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11.A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17.C 18. A 19. B 2O. D Passage slx The huⅢan nose is an underrated too1. Humans are often thought to bO insensitiv( sme11ers compared with ani皿a1s, ~1ˉ~ ˉthis is 1arge1y because, ~ˉ2~ ˉanimals, w( ·stand upright。 This means that our noses are~~3~ˉto perceiving those s皿e11s Whicl f1oat through the air, ~ˉ4~ˉthe majority of sme11s which stick to surfaces. In fact: ~ 5ˉ_, we are extremely sensitive to sme11s, ~ˉ6~ˉwe do not genera11y rea1ize it. 0ur noses are capa-1e of~ˉ7~ˉhuman sme11s even when these are 8 ·to far be1ol one part in one mi11ion。 Strangely, some peop1e find that they can sme11 。ne type of f1ower but not another, ~ˉ9~ˉothers are sensit∶ve to thρ sme11s of both f1owers。 This may be becaus· ·oome pe0ole d°not hav0 the·genes necessary to geneiate~ˉ10~ˉsme11 receptors ⒈ the nose。 These receptors are the cells which seno0 smells and send 11 to thl brain. However, it has been found that even peop1e insensitive to a certain sme1 ˉˉ12~ ˉcan suddenly become sensitive to it when __13~ˉ to it often enough。 The exp1anation for insehsitivi、ty to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep a11 sme11 receptors working a11 the time but can~ˉ15__ new receptors ⒈ necessary. This may~ˉ16~ˉexp1ain Why we are not usua11y sensitive to our own sme11 we simp1y do not need to be. We are not~ 17 of the usua1 s皿e11 of our own housl but we 18 new sme11s when we visit soⅢeone e1se’ s。 The brain finds it best tl keep smell receptors~ˉ19~ˉfor unfa皿Iliar and emergency signals~ˉ2o~ tˉhe sme1 of smoke, which m1ght indicat0 the danger of fire. 1.[A] alth。ugh [B] as [c] but [D] whi1e 2.[A] above [B] un1ike [C] exc1uding [D] besides 3.[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined 4.[A] catching [B] ign°ring [C] missing [D] tracking 5.[A] anyWay [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore 6.[A] even if [B] if on1y [C] on1y if [D] as if 7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting 8.[A] diluted [B] disso1ved [C] dρtermining [D] diffused 9. [A] when [B] since [c] for [Dl whereas 10. [A] unusua1 [B] particu1ar [C] unique [D] typical 11.[A] si gr.s [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses 12. [A] at first [B] at a11 [C] at 1arge [D] at times ‘ 13. [A] subjected [B1 1eft [C] drawn [D] exposed 14.[A] ineffective [B] inc°mpetent [Cl inefficient [D] insufficient 15. [A] introduce [B] summ°n [C] trigger [D] create 16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise LD] nevertheless 17. [A] suro [B] si0k [C] aware [D] tired 18.[A] tolerate [B] repe1 [C] neglect [D] notioe 19.〔Al available [B] reliab1e [C] identifiable [D] suitable 20. [A] similar to [B】 such as [C] a1°ng with [D] aside from 1. [C]2。 [B]3. [A]4。 [C15。 [B] 6. [A]7。 [D]8. [A]9. [D]lO. [B] 11‘ [C]12。 [A]1⒊^[D]14. [C]15。 [D] - 16. [B]17。 [C]18. [D]19。 [A]20。 [B] Passage seven Many theories concerning the causos of juvenile delinquoncy (crimes committe by young peop1e) focus either on tho ihdividual or on sociβty 。s the major contributing i⒒fluence. Theories ⊥~21~ ˉon the individua1 suggest that childre: engage in Griminal behavior~z2冖ˉthey巾ere not sufficient1y pena1ized for previou misdeeds or that they hav0 1earned criminal behavior through__23~ˉvith others Theories foGus文ng on the role of sOciety suggest that childrOn c°mmit crimes i∶ ~⒛~to their failure to rise above their socioeConomic status, ~ˉ25~ ˉas a rejection of middleˉc1ass values~ Ⅲost theories 0f juvoiir0 de1ih。也0nc9 haψ0 focu。ed 。n children from disadⅡantagod fam11ieζ, ~ ˉ6~ˉth0fact that ohildren from Tealthy homes a1so comml Cri田es。 The latter may comⅢit criⅢos~ˉ27~ˉ1ack of adequat。 -oarehta1 己ohtro1. Al theorles, however, are tentative and are 28 to crltlclsm。 Changes in the social structure may ihdirect1y ~ˉ29~ ˉjuveηi1e crime rates For example, changes in the economy that~ˉ30~_to fewer job opportunities for yout and rising unemp1o9ment L~31~ˉmake gainfu1 emp1oyment 土ncreasing1y difficult t obta宝n. The resu1ting discontent 汛ay in ~ˉ32~ ˉ1ead 扪ore youths 立ntO Griminal behav1or。 Families have also ~ˉ33~ ˉchanges these years。 More families consist of on pareht households or twO working parents∶ ~ 3ˉ4~ ,ˉ chi1dren are1ike1y to have 1es su。ervisi。n at home~ˉ35~ˉwas coⅢmon in the traditioha1 family~ˉ36~ 。ˉ This la。 of parental oupervision is thought to be an influence on Juvenile criⅢe rates, Othe 37 0auses of offensIve acts lnc1ude frustration or fallu=Ie ln schoo1, the increased~ˉ38~ˉof drugs and a1coho1, and the grOwing~ˉ39~ˉof chi1d abuse an chi1d neg1ect。 A11 these conditions tend to increase the probabi1ity of a chil! committing a crimina1 act, ~ˉ40~ ˉa direct causa1 relationship hao not yet bee∶ estab1ished。 21.[A] aGting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing 22. [Al bef。re [8] un1ess [C] until [D] because 23. [A] interactions [B] assimilati°n [C] cooperation [D] consultation 2啥。[A] return [B] reply [C]reference [D] response 25.[Al or [Bl but rather [C] but [D] or else 26. [A] considering [B] ign°ring [C] highlighting [D] discarding 27, [Al on [Bl in [c] for [D] with 28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sehsitive[D] subject 29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect 30. [A] point [B] lead [cl come [D] amount 31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by c。。trast [D] at length 32. [A] cas占 [B1 jho亡t [C] turn [D] essenco 33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] uⅡdertaken [D] experienced 34. [A] contiaril∮ [B] consequently [C] similar1y [D] simultaneous1y 35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as 36.[