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ACADEMIC LISTENING PRACTICE TEST 5 SECTION 1 Questions 1 - 10 Questions 1 - 5 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR SOME NUMBERS for each answer. BUS PASS APPLICATION FORM NAME Nathalie (1) ______________________________ ADDRESS 45 (2) ___________________________________ Newlands Adelaide POSTCODE (3) _____________________________________ DATE OF BIRTH (4) 13th May 1982 TEL NUMBER (4) _____________________________ UNIVERSITY CARD SHOWN Yes ZONES REQUIRED (5) _____________________________________ Example Answer PASS APPLIED FOR 1 month Academic Test 5; Page 1 © ieltshelpnow.com ieltshelpnow.com ACADEMIC MODULE PRACTICE TEST 5 Questions 6 - 10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR SOME NUMBERS for each answer. Adelaide Day Trips on the Bus 1 The MacDonald Nature Park Outward Journey Leaves 8.00am Length of Journey 2 hours Return Journey Leaves (6) ______________________________________ Things to do/see Walk nature trails + MacDonald River Bring A camera 2 Pearl Bay Outward Journey Leaves 9.00am Length of Journey (7) ______________________________________ Return Journey Leaves 4.00pm Things to do/see Walk along (8) _____________________ + see view Lie on the beach + swim Bring Swimming gear + a towel 3 The Huron Gold Mine Outward Journey Leaves 9.30am Length of Journey Half an hour Return Journey Leaves (9) ______________________________________ Things to do/see Go round the museum and tunnels Find some gold!! Bring (10) ______________________________________ Academic Test 5; Page 2 © ieltshelpnow.com Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. SECTION 2 Questions 11 - 20 Questions 11 - 16 11 The highest point of the bridge is 134m above __________________________________. 12 The two pairs of pylons are made of __________________________________. 13 _______________________________% of the steel for making the bridge came from the UK. 14 800 families from __________________________________ homes were moved without compensation to accomodate the construction of the approaches to the bridge. 15 People _________________________________ was the main cause of death of workers while constructing the bridge. 16 Three __________________________________ were made to mark the opening of the bridge. One is worth several hundred dollars today. Academic Test 5; Page 3 © ieltshelpnow.com Questions 17 - 20 Which FOUR of the following facts are NOT true about the Sydney Harbour Bridge today? Choose FOUR letters (A - J) and write them in boxes 17 - 20 on your answer sheet. A There are no more trams crossing the bridge. B There are eight traffic lanes on the bridge. C Trains still cross the bridge. D People are allowed to walk across the bridge. E Buses are allowed to cross the bridge. F The Harbour Tunnel has not helped traffic congestion on the bridge. G More than 182 000 vehicles cross the bridge daily. H Horses can no longer cross the bridge. I Bicycles are not allowed to cross the bridge. J To go back and forward across the bridge costs $6. Academic Test 5; Page 4 © ieltshelpnow.com SECTION 3 Questions 21 - 30 Questions 21 - 27 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer. 21 While waiting for Phil, Mel and Laura were _______________________________________. 22 A telephone survey was rejected because it would be ______________________________. 23 A mail survey was rejected because it would _____________________________________. 24 The best number of people to survey would be ___________________________________. 25 If their survey only included 100 people, it would not be ____________________________. 26 The number of people that Laura, Phil and Mel agree to survey was __________________. 27 The number of questions in the survey was agreed to be ___________________________.. Questions 28 - 30 Circle THREE letters A - G. What are the three locations that Laura, Phil and Mel chose for their survey? A The town square B The train station C The university cafeteria D Dobbins department store E The corner of the High Street and College Road F The bus station G The corner of the High Street and Wilkins Road Academic Test 5; Page 5 © ieltshelpnow.com SECTION 4 Questions 31 - 40 Questions 31 - 34 Complete the table below by matching the individual with their role (Questions 31 - 34) in the lecture on the coelacanth. Write the approprate letters (A - F) on your answer sheet. NB There are more roles than individuals so you will not need to use them all. INDIVIDUAL ROLE Dr. J.L.B. Smith (31) _____________________ Marjorie Courtney-Latimer (32) _____________________ Dr. Mark Erdmann (33) _____________________ Captain Goosen (34) _____________________ ROLES A Paid fishermen for unidentified finds. B Caught a strange looking fish. C Contacted scientists in Indonesia. D Photographed a coelacanth seen by accident. E First recognised the coelacanth for what it was. F Bought a specimen of a coelacanth in a market. Academic Test 5; Page 6 © ieltshelpnow.com Questions 35 - 40 Choose the correct letters A - C. 35 The coelacanth was... A well known to Indonesian fishermen. B unknown to Indonesian fishermen. C a first in the market. 36 The only difference between the Comoros coelacanth and the Sulawesi coelacanth is... A their intercranial joint. B their paired fins. C their colour. 37 Coelacanths seemed to have their greatest population... A 360 million years ago. B 240 million years ago. C 80 million years ago. 38 Modern coelacanths probably left no fossilised remains over the past 80 million years because... A of too much clay sediment. B conditions where they lived were not favourable for fossilisation. C volcanoes are needed for fossilisation. 39 Scientists had a better understanding of the coelacanth after 1991 because... A the French government had previously limited study on the Comoros coelacanth. B the Comoros were far away and difficult to reach. C the Comoros opened an airport. 40 On the 1991 expedition, scientist studied the coelacanth... A only from fishermen’s specimens. B through the windows of their submarine. C from diving down. Academic Test 5; Page 7 © ieltshelpnow.com ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST 5 READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 1 - 13 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 – 13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Questions 1 - 4 Reading Passage 1 has 5 paragraphs (A – E). From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – E. Write the appropriate number (i – viii) in boxes 1 – 4 on your answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. Example Answer Paragraph A iii i Climate Conditions ii Solutions from the Air iii Fire Starters iv Battling the Blaze v The Lie of the Land vi Rain – The Natural Saviour vii Fuelling the Flames viii Fires and Trees Academic Test 5; Page 8 © ieltshelpnow.com Wildfires A Wildfires are usually the product of human negligence. Humans start about 90% of wild fires and lightning causes the other 10%. Regular causes for wildfires include arson, camping fires, throwing away cigarettes, burning rubbish, and playing with fireworks or matches. Once begun, wildfires can spread at a rate of up to 23 kph and, as a fire spreads over a landscape, it could undertake a life of its own – doing different things to keep itself going, even creating other blazes by throwing cinders miles away. Three components are necessary to start a fire: oxygen, fuel and heat. These three make up “the fire triangle” and fire fighters frequently talk about this when they are attempting to put out blazes. The theory is that if the fire fighters can remove one of the triangle pillars, they can take control of and eventually put out the fire. B The speed at which wildfires spread depends on the fuel around them. Fuel is any living or dead material that will burn. Types of fuel include anything from trees, underbrush and grassland to houses. The quantity of inflammable material around a fire is known as “the fuel load” and is determined by the amount of available fuel per unit area, usually tons per acre. How dry the fuel is can also influence how fires behave. When the fuel is very dry, it burns much more quickly and forms fires that are much harder to control. Basic fuel characteristics affecting a fire are size and shape, arrangement and moisture, but with wildfires, where fuel usually consists of the same type of material, the main factor influencing ignition time is the ratio of the fuel’s total surface area to its volume. Because the surface area of a twig is not much bigger than its volume, it ignites rapidly. However, a tree’s surface area is much smaller than its volume, so it requires more time to heat up before ignition. C Three weather variables that affect wildfires are temperature, wind and moisture. Temperature directly influences the sparking of wildfires, as heat is one of the three pillars of the fire triangle. Sticks, trees and underbrush on the ground receive heat from the sun, which heats and dries these potential fuels. Higher temperatures allow fuels to ignite and burn more quickly and add to the speed of a wildfire’s spread. Consequently, wildfires tend to rage in the afternoon, during the hottest temperatures. The biggest influence on a wildfire is probably wind and this is also the most unpredictable variable. Winds provide fires with extra oxygen, more dry fuel, and wind also makes wildfires spread more quickly. Fires also create winds of their own that can be up to ten times faster than the ambient wind. Winds can even spread embers that can generate additional fires, an event known as spotting. Winds also change the course of fires, and gusts can take flames into trees, starting a “crown fire”. Humidity and precipitation provide moisture that can slow fires down and reduce their intensity, as it is hard for fuel to ignite if it has high moisture levels. Higher levels of humidity mean fewer wildfires. Academic Test 5; Page 9 © ieltshelpnow.com D Topography can also hugely influence wildfire behaviour. In contrast to fuel and weather, topography hardly changes over time and can help or hamper the spread of a wildfire. The principal topographical factor relating to wildfires is slope. As a rule, fires move uphill much faster than downhill and the steeper the slope, the quicker fires move. This is because fires move in the same direction of the ambient wind, which generally blows uphill. Moreover, the fire can preheat fuel further uphill as smoke and heat rise in that direction. On the other hand, when the fire reaches the top of a hill, it has to struggle to come back down. E Each year thousands of fire fighters risk their lives in their jobs. Elite fire fighters come in two categories: Hotshots and Smokejumpers. Operating in 20 man units, the key task of hotshots is to construct firebreaks around fires. A firebreak is a strip of land with all potential fuel removed. As their name suggests, smokejumpers jump out of aircraft to reach smaller fires situated in inaccessible regions. They attempt to contain these smaller fires before they turn into bigger ones. As well as constructing firebreaks and putting water and fire retardant on fires, fire fighters also use “backfires”. Backfires are created by fire fighters and burn towards the main fire incinerating any potential fuel in its path. Fire fighters on the ground also receive extensive support from the air with tankers dropping thousands of gallons of water and retardant. Dropped from planes and helicopters, retardant is a red chemical containing phosphate fertilizer, which slows and cools fires. Questions 5 - 9 Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2, answer the following questions. Write your answers in boxes 5 - 9 on your answer sheet. 5 Complete the last pillar of the fire triangle. Δ (5) _______________ fuelheat source Academic Test 5; Page 10 © ieltshelpnow.com Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6 What is measured in tons per acre? 7 When do wildfires burn at their fiercest? 8 What can travel in the wind to create fires at some distance from the initial fire? 9 Name a method using an additional fire that fire fighters use to control wild fires. Questions 10 - 13 Complete each of the following statements (Questions 10 - 13) with words taken from Reading Passage 1. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10 - 13 on your answer sheet. 10 The most important factor in how quickly a wildfire catches fire is the surface to volume _____________________. 11 The most significant weather factor to affect wildfires’ actions is _____________________. 12 Fires on the tops of trees are known as _____________________. 13 Wildfires usually travel much faster _____________________ because of the typical direction of prevailing winds. Academic Test 5; Page 11 © ieltshelpnow.com READING PASSAGE 2 Questions 14 - 27 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages. PROBLEMS WITH WATER Nearly half the world’s population will experience critical water shortages by 2025, according to the United Nations (UN). Wars over access to water are a rising possibility in this century and the main conflicts in Africa during the next 25 years could be over this most precious of commodities, as countries fight for access to scarce resources. “Potential water wars are likely in areas where rivers and lakes are shared by more than one country,” says Mark Evans a UN worker. Evans predicts that “population growth and economic development will lead to nearly one in two people in Africa living in countries facing water scarcity or what is known as ‘water stress’ within 25 years.” Water scarcity is defined as less than 1,000 cubic metres of water available per person per year, while water stress means less than 1,500 cubic metres of water is available per person per year. The report says that by 2025, 12 more African countries will join the 13 that already suffer from water stress or water scarcity. What makes the water issue even more urgent is that demand for water will grow increasingly fast as larger areas are placed under crops and economic development. Evans adds that “the strong possibility that the world is experiencing climate change also adds to this urgency.” How to deal with water shortages is in the forefront of the battle between environmental activists on the one hand and governments and construction firms on the other. At the recent World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg activists continued their campaign to halt dam construction, while many governments were outraged about a vocal minority thwarting their plans. One of the UN’s eight millennium development goals is to halve the proportion of people without “sustainable” access to safe drinking water by 2015. How to ensure this happens was one of the big issues of the summit. Much of the text on this was already agreed, but one of the unresolved issues in the implementation plan was whether the goal on water would be extended to cover sanitation. The risks posed by water-borne diseases in the absence of sanitation facilities means the two goals are closely related. Only US negotiators have been resisting the extension of goals to include sanitation due to the financial commitment this would entail. However, Evans says the US is about to agree to this extension. This agreement could give the UN a chance to show that in one key area the world development agenda was advanced in Johannesburg. But the UN has said Johannesburg was not about words alone, but implementation. A number of projects and funding initiatives were unveiled at the summit. But implementation is always harder, as South Africa has experienced in its water programme. Graham Bennetts, a water official in the South African government explains: “Since the 1994 elections government has provided easy access to water to 7 million people, but extending this to a further 7 million and ensuring this progress is sustainable is one of South Africa’s foremost implementation challenges.” In South Africa, access to water is defined as 25 litres a person daily, within a distance of 200m from where they live. “Although South Africa’s feat far exceeds the UN millennium goal on water supply, severe constraints on local government capacity make a more rapid expansion difficult,” says Bennetts. For some of those who have only recently been given ready access to water, their gains are under threat as the number of cut-offs by municipalities for non-payment rise, says Liane Greef of the Environmental Monitoring Group. Greef is programme manager for Water Academic Test 5; Page 12 © ieltshelpnow.com Justice in southern Africa. Those who have their water supply cut off also automatically forfeit their right to 6000 free litres of water for a family a month under South Africa’s “water for all” policy. In the face of continued increases in unemployment, payment for water and other utilities has the potential to fast undo government’s high profile feats in delivery since 1994. It is also the way of ensuring sufficient water supply and its management that will increasingly become a political battleground in South Africa. Water Affairs director-general Mike Muller says South Africa is near the end of its dam-building programme. However, there are big projects proposed elsewhere in southern Africa that could possibly be halted by activists who could bring pressure on funding agencies such as the World Bank. Greef says her group will campaign during the summit against the proposed Skuifraam Dam, which would be built near Franschhoek to supply additional water to Cape Town. Rather than rely on new dam construction, the city should ensure that water is used wisely at all times rather than only in dry spells, Greef says. Another battleground for her group is over the privatisation of water supply, she says. Water supply, she insists, is best handled in the public interest by accountable government. There is increasing hope from advances in technology to deal with water shortages. It is agricultural production which takes up about 90% of water consumed for human purposes, says the UN. To lower agricultural demand for water the Sri Lanka-based International Water Management Institute is researching ways of obtaining “more crop per drop” through the development of drought resistant crops, as well as through better water management techniques. One of the institute’s research sites is the Limpopo River basin. According to the institute’s director-general, Frank Rijsbereman, rice growers in China use a quarter of the water a ton of produce to those in South Africa. The institute hopes the “green revolution” in crop productivity will soon be matched by the “blue revolution” in improving water utilisation in agriculture. Questions 14 – 21 Match the views (25 – 32) with the people listed below. 14 Water needs to be utilised more prudently by some people. 15 South Africa has almost completed its plans for building dams. 16 Local government has excluded some South African households from getting free water for not meeting their bills. 17 The World Summit in Johannesburg will soon have its aims on hygiene agreed among all participants. 18 Faster development of water supply in South Africa is limited by the facilities of community administrations. 19 Water use is more efficient than in South Africa in some foreign food pr