雅思写作大作文话题词汇

雅思写作分类词汇Education类词汇1)培养（某种素质）cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promotethestudent’sphysical,mental(或者用intellectual)andemotionaldevelopment心理健康psychologicalsoundness/well-being/welfare(nouns)学习能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent学习能力（后天学习到的）ability/skill学生接受的学校教育（名词）schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing(noun)给学生以动力givethestudentsmotivationtodosomething或者motivate(vt)thestudenttodosomething青少年adolescents/youngsters/youths2)传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt)knowledge灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt)highmoralvalues(注以values复数比试价值观)给学生以灵感stimulatethestudents;thought或者givethestudentsinspiration家长教育子女的方式（名词）parenting/upbringing教学法teachingmethodology/pedagogicalmethodology适应（动词）adapttodosomething/adjustoneselftodosomething/becomeaccustomedtodosomething适应能力adaptability学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students’grasp/command(nouns)ofwhathasbeentaught就业技能employable/marketableskill3)限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/stifle(vt)/constrain(vt)creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts)thestudents’enthusiasm或者frustratethestudents产生不不要的压力beget/createunduepressure塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt)one’scharacter 责任 安全质量包保责任状安全管理目标责任状8安全事故责任追究制幼儿园安全责任状占有损害赔偿请求权 感asenseofobligation学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器studentshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas.死记硬背learnthingbyrote.4)记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律memorizeequations,formulas,theoremsandlaws(nouns)应用apply(vt)盲从followsomethingblindly/indiscriminately（adv）用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt)thestudents为了记忆而记忆memorizeformemorization’sownsake5)把学生分开教育（比如根据智力或者课堂上的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现）segregate(vt)students来自于其他同学的压力peerpressure逆境adversecircumstances/adversity团队精神teamspirit(noun)独立思考：thinkindependently(adv)6)在理解的基础上学习learnthingsthroughunderstanding鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encouragestudentstothinkcritically(adv)学生的反馈students’feedback或者students’input学生评价老师的教学studentsappraise/evaluatetheirteachers’performance7)学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun)具体的一门课的内容syllabus课外活动extra-curricularactivity学校是社会的缩影Aschoolissocietyinminiature不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(nouns)不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生disruptive/unrulystudents8)理论只是theoreticalknowledge通才generalist专才specialist全面发展的well-rounded/versatile为社会健康发展做贡献contributetosocietalwell-being/welfare(注意这里welfare不是“福利”的意思)9)大学学科的分类可以分为：人文学科（包括文学、历史、语言学等）humanities社会科学（包括政治、经济、社会学等）socialsciences艺术（包括音乐、雕塑等）arts文科的总称也可以称为liberalarts或者liberalstudies理科（包括物理、化学、生物等）sciences工科（包括工程，自动化等）engineering大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline基础科学basicsciences应用科学appliedsciences小学教育primary-leveleducation中学教育secondary-leveleducation大学教育tertiary-leveleducation职业教育vocationaleducation/training青少年adolescents/youngsters/youthsTechnology&media词汇10)尖端的技术cutting-edged(adj)technology信息爆炸informationexplosion/informationoverload信息时代theinformationage/theinformationera无联网被广泛的使用theproliferationoftheInternet科技创新及发展technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progressions(nouns)提高效率augment/enhance/boost(vts)efficiency提高生产效率augment/enhance/boost(vts)productivity减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术）labor-savingmachinery11)取代人力的机器labor-replacingmachinery自动化automation(noun)/automated(adj)生物技术biotechnology克隆cloning(noun)clone(verb)远程通讯telecommunications(noun)太空探索（名词）spaceexploration人的基因构成one’sgeneticmakeup/one’sDNAprogrammingMedia12)实事currentaffairs新闻界thepress印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志）theprintmedia报道新闻的机构newsoutlets电子媒体theelectronicmedia无处不在的prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive充斥着…beawashwith/beinundatedwith/besaturatedwithsomething审查censor删除delete/eliminate/excise(vts)过多的暴力与色情内容excessive/gratuitousviolentandpornographiccontents13)有误导性的misleading/misrepresented/distorted诈骗性的fraudulent虚假的false/bogus报道非常详细的细节reportsomethingingraphicdetail媒体炒作mediahype夸大事实exaggeratethings/sensationalizethings/blowthingsoutofallproportion(最后一个口语化说法，但作文也可用)客观公正的objectiveandbalanced揭露expose/reveal14)侵犯隐私violate/intrudeon/infringeon/someone‘sprivacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/sully/smear/besmirchone’sreputation狗仔队paparazzi(复数名词，不能加s)名人acelebrity/celebrities(plural)丑闻scandals掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）coverup/glossover/whitewash15)不客观的，不公正的biased/skewed/unobjective如实描写factualaccounts可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable及时的up-to-date/up-to–the-minute（后者比前者更及时）信息量大的informative娱乐性强的entertaining有新闻价值newsworthy道德准则codeofethic或者codeofconductTourism类词汇16)旅游景点touristattraction/touristspots/placesofinterest开阔眼界pushback/broadenone’shorizon游客与当地人互动Touristscaninteractwiththelocals促进文化交流promoteculturalcommunication吸引draw/attract/appealto(vts)/beamagnetforsomebody亲身体验（名词）first-handexperience(noun)多种感观体验的（如听觉、触觉等）multi-sensory(adj)冲突conflict(noun,vi+with)争端discord/dissension17)把游客和当地人隔绝seclude/isolate(vts)thetouristsfromthelocals商业化commercialize/commodify（vts）欺骗游客的手段touristtraps间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网，名词）second-handexperience/vicariousexperience文化遗产culturalheritage互联网不会让旅游业过时TheInternetwillnotrendertourismobsolete.Government类词汇18)当局authorities老百姓citizens/thecitizenry(全体公民，不可数) 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 ，管理regulate/administer/oversee(vts)实施implement立法legislate/makelaws严禁strictlyprohibit/banaltogether严格的法律stringentlaws/legislation监督scrutiny(noun)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)19)为…拨款allocatemoneytosomething/subsidize(vt)/beapatronof/investin/finance(vt)/fund(vt)dedicatemoneytosomething预算budget税收taxrevenue政府在某方面的开支thegovernmentspending/expenditureonsomething削减curtail增加augment当务之急priority把…当成当务之急giveprioritytosomething.责任obligation/responsibility20)军备竞赛armsrace自卫self-defense国土安全nationalsecurity/homelandsecurity缺乏远见的政策short-sightedpolicy扩张expansion/aggression谋求霸权seek/pursue(vts)hegemony恶性循环aviciouscircle地区不稳定因素destabilizingfactor规章 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 rulesandregulations21)太空竞赛spacerace武器arms/weapons/armaments下岗工人lay-offworkers/downsizeworkers失业unemployment/joblessness基础设施infrastructure—比如publictransportsystem公共交通系统，powergrid电网pipelines石油和天然气管道watersupplyanddrainagesystem给排水系统等，民主与开放的政府ademocraticandprogressivegovernmentAnimals类词汇22)动物权益保护主义者animalrightsactivists医学研究medicalresearch残忍的cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal活体解剖vivisection麻醉anaesthetic减轻动物的痛苦alleviate/easeanimals’pain宠物是主人的伙伴petsarecompanionsoftheirmasters给主人心理安慰affordtheirmastersconsolationandcomfort偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun)某一种事物是没有替代物的therearenoreplacement/substitutes/alternatives(单数则去掉s)forsomething.Language&Culture必备词汇23)一种可以通用的语言（比如英语）alinguafranca/auniversallanguage/agloballanguage英语的广泛应用theproliferationofEnglish英语的统治地位thedominantrole/theascendancy/thehegemonyofEnglish方言dialect/vernacular/theindigenouslanguage小语种将会消亡Lesser-knownlanguagewillbecomeextinct/obsolete小语种的消亡theextinction/demiseoflesser-knownlanguages24)文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种，有形的入历史遗迹，无形的入风俗，仪式，传统道德观念等Culturalheritagecanbedividedintotwogroups,tangibleculturalheritage,suchashistoricsitesandintangibleheritage,suchascustoms,rites,ritualsandmores,etc.保护preserve祖先forefathers/ancestors后代descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词)少数民族ethnicminorities25)民族团结theharmonybetweenethnicgroup/race文化融合culturalintegrationandsynthesis相互影响interaction文化多元性culturaldiversity丰富enrich狭隘的观念insular/provincial/parochialmentality贬低deprecated/denigrate/minimizetheimportanceof/disparage/trivialize/discredit某事不是一成不变的somethingisnotset/carvedinstoneDevelopment类常用词汇26)生活节奏加速thetempo/paceoflifehasaccelerated疲劳fatigue导致人与人的疏远createalienationbetweenpeople过于功利的materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping追求最大限度利润pursuemaximumprofit交通堵塞trafficjams/trafficcongestions/gridblock(最后一个是不可数名词)阻碍impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)扶贫povertyalleviation就业机会jobopportunity/employmentopportunity贫穷的needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitute/indigent富裕的affluent/wealthy/well-off27)撞车carwrecks/caraccidents行人pedestrians交通肇事者trafficaccidentperpetrators违章横穿马路jaywalk(可以记忆为：周杰伦走路――不走寻常路――美特斯邦威)监控摄像头surveillancecameras28)有特殊审美价值的老房子oldbuildingsofspecialaestheticvalue(注意审美观的英文说法是aestheticvalues复数)有历史特殊意义的老房子buildingsofhistoricsignificance民居vernaculardwellings让城市更美观beautifythecities/betterthecityscape破旧的房子decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated拆除teardownabuilding/demolishabuilding/razeabuilding/knockdownabuilding高楼high-risebuilding摩天楼skyscrapers城市化urbanization城乡差距thedisparitybetweenthecityandcountryside城市的urban乡村的rural搬迁relocate(vi,vt)29)在家上班（动词）telecommute休闲leisure/recreation精神上的享受amusementandenjoyment娱乐entertainment/diversion宽松的管理laissez-fairemanagement运营成本operatingcosts/overheadcosts雇用recruit会导致效率降低的counterproductive劳动力资源laborpool抑郁症depression失眠sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia人口爆炸populationexplosion/populationboom控制人口birthcontrol/familyplanning爱慕虚荣的pretentious/ostentatious缺少运动的生活方式sedentarylifestyle营养过剩overnourishment、Environment类常用词汇30)生态平衡ecologicalbalance/ecologicalequilibrium可持续发展sustainabledevelopment环保主义者environmentalists/conservationists对环境无害的environmentally-friendly节约使用conserve(vt)保护preserve再利用（动词）reuse/recycle各国必须携手解决环境问题：Countriesonthisplanetmustjoinforces/makeaconcertedeffort/unitetocombat/tackle/resolve/addressenvironmentalproblems.增强公众关于…的意识raise/elevatethepublicawarenessofsomething短缺shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack给资源造成很大压力putastrainonthealreadystretchedresource破坏自然资源wreakhavoconnaturalresources看法森林deforestation污染pollute/contaminate有毒的poisonous/toxic31)增加农产品产量boostcropyield可再生资源renewableresource不可再生资源non-renewableresource(包括金属metal,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气naturalgas,煤coal等，后三种可以总称为fossilfuels)消耗（某种资源）consume/deplete用尽useup/exhaust严厉的措施harshaction/measures生态系统ecosystem/ecologicalsystem某一地区所有的生物的总称thewildlifeinaregion/thebiota(=flora+fauna)ofaregion生物多样性biodiversity32)污水effluent/sewage排放discharge温室效应greenhouseeffect/globalwarming严重的severe/grave白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradablegarbage/wastesthatcannotdecomposeorbreakdown/inorganictrash谴责而不是纵容condemnratherthancondone(vts)something臭氧层ozonelayer肥沃的土壤fertilesoil贫瘠的土壤infertilesoil耕地arableland/farmlandCrime类常用词汇33)触犯法律break/violate/flout/disobeythelaw犯罪commitacrime罪行offences/crimes/criminalacts罪犯criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator从犯accomplice/accessory(noun)(后者指帮助犯罪单未直接参与的人)憎恨社会resentsociety/holdagrudgeagainstsociety囚犯inmate/convicts受害者victim心理创伤trauma牢房cell监禁imprison/incarcerate(vts)someone被绳之以法bebroughttojustice34)宽容的lenient改造罪犯reform/rehabilitatecriminals执法部门lawenforcementagencies重罪heinouscrime/flagitiouscrime/felony轻罪pettycrime/misdemeanor初犯的人first-timeoffender惯犯hardenedcriminals/repeatcriminals再次犯罪reverttocrime守法的公民law-abidingcitizens遵守法律abideby/complywiththelaw无视…disregard给某人造成心理创伤traumatizesomeone抓捕trackdown/huntdown/capture犯罪倾向criminaltendencyGlobalization类常用词汇35)(一个国家或者地区的)文化特性（nationalorregional）culturalidentity全球文化同一化过程（名词，即地区文化特征的消失）globalculturalhomogenization文化同一性（或者叫文化均质性，名词）culturalhomogeneity/culturaluniformity全球化是一把双刃剑Globalizationisatwo-edgesword.地球村theglobalvillageWomen&Family类常用词汇36)两性平等genderequality性别歧视sexism/genderdiscrimination一个开明的社会aprogressive/enlightenedsociety被家务事拖累betieddownbyhouseholdchores生育孩子childbearing(noun)抚养孩子childrearing(noun)母性的本能maternalinstinct家务housework/householdchores37)老年人elderlypeople/seniorcitizens家庭成员间的情感纽带familybonds/familyties归属感asenseofbelonging对…的依恋anattachmenttosomething/anaffinityforsomething贫穷的家庭deprivedfamilies富裕的家庭affluentfamilies单亲家庭single-parenthousehold虐待mistreat/abuse家庭暴力domesticviolence毒品上瘾addictiontodrugs/beaddictedtodrugs