ISO 179-1-2010 简支梁冲击测试方法

ReferencenumberISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO179-1Secondedition2010-06-15Plastics—DeterminationofCharpyimpactproperties—Part1:Non-instrumentedimpacttestPlastiques—DéterminationdescaractéristiquesauchocCharpy—Partie1:EssaidechocnoninstrumentéISO179-1:2010(E)PDFdisclaimerThisPDFfilemaycontainembeddedtypefaces.InaccordancewithAdobe'slicensingpolicy,thisfilemaybeprintedorviewedbutshallnotbeeditedunlessthetypefaceswhichareembeddedarelicensedtoandinstalledonthecomputerperformingtheediting.Indownloadingthisfile,partiesacceptthereintheresponsibilityofnotinfringingAdobe'slicensingpolicy.TheISOCentralSecretariatacceptsnoliabilityinthisarea.AdobeisatrademarkofAdobeSystemsIncorporated.DetailsofthesoftwareproductsusedtocreatethisPDFfilecanbefoundintheGeneralInforelativetothefile;thePDF-creationparameterswereoptimizedforprinting.EverycarehasbeentakentoensurethatthefileissuitableforusebyISOmemberbodies.Intheunlikelyeventthataproblemrelatingtoitisfound,pleaseinformtheCentralSecretariatattheaddressgivenbelow.COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2010Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO'smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCasepostale56•CH-1211Geneva20Tel.+41227490111Fax+41227490947E-mailcopyright@iso.orgWebwww.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandii©ISO2010–AllrightsreservedISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010–AllrightsreservediiiContentsPageForeword............................................................................................................................................................iv1Scope......................................................................................................................................................12Normativereferences............................................................................................................................23Termsanddefinitions...........................................................................................................................24Principle..................................................................................................................................................35Apparatus...............................................................................................................................................35.1Testmachine..........................................................................................................................................35.2Micrometersandgauges......................................................................................................................36Testspecimens......................................................................................................................................46.1Preparation.............................................................................................................................................46.1.1Mouldingandextrusioncompounds..................................................................................................46.1.2Sheets.....................................................................................................................................................46.1.3Long-fibre-reinforcedmaterials...........................................................................................................46.1.4Checking.................................................................................................................................................76.1.5Notching.................................................................................................................................................76.2Anisotropy..............................................................................................................................................76.3Shapeanddimensions.........................................................................................................................86.3.1Materialsnotexhibitinginterlaminarshearfracture.........................................................................86.3.2Materialsexhibitinginterlaminarshearfracture(e.g.long-fibre-reinforcedmaterials).................96.4Numberoftestspecimens....................................................................................................................96.5Definitionofspanbetweenspecimensupports,L..........................................................................106.6Conditioning........................................................................................................................................117Procedure.............................................................................................................................................118Calculationandexpressionofresults..............................................................................................128.1Unnotchedspecimens........................................................................................................................128.2Notchedspecimens.............................................................................................................................128.3Statisticalparameters.........................................................................................................................138.4Significantfigures...............................................................................................................................139Precision...............................................................................................................................................1310Testreport............................................................................................................................................13AnnexA(informative)Additionalmethodsforinvestigatingtheinfluenceofsurfaceeffects.................15AnnexB(informative)Precisiondata.............................................................................................................17AnnexC(informative)DeterminingthenotchtipradiususingaCCDmicroscope..................................19Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................22ISO179-1:2010(E)iv©ISO2010–AllrightsreservedForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.ThemaintaskoftechnicalcommitteesistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ISO179-1waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC61,Plastics,SubcommitteeSC2,Mechanicalproperties.Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO179-1:2000),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows:⎯anewsubclause(6.5)hasbeenadded,definingthespanbetweenthespecimensupportsandindicatingaconvenientpositionatwhichitcanbemeasured;⎯anewannex,AnnexC,hasbeenadded,givingamethodofmeasuringtheradiusofthenotchinanotchedspecimen.ThissecondeditionalsoincorporatestheAmendmentISO179-1:2000/Amd.1:2005.ISO179consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitlePlastics—DeterminationofCharpyimpactproperties:⎯Part1:Non-instrumentedimpacttest⎯Part2:InstrumentedimpacttestINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved1Plastics—DeterminationofCharpyimpactproperties—Part1:Non-instrumentedimpacttest1Scope1.1ThispartofISO179specifiesamethodfordeterminingtheCharpyimpactstrengthofplasticsunderdefinedconditions.Anumberofdifferenttypesofspecimenandtestconfigurationsaredefined.Differenttestparametersarespecifiedaccordingtothetypeofmaterial,thetypeoftestspecimenandthetypeofnotch.1.2Themethodcanbeusedtoinvestigatethebehaviourofspecifiedtypesofspecimenundertheimpactconditionsdefinedandforestimatingthebrittlenessortoughnessofspecimenswithinthelimitationsinherentinthetestconditions.Itcanalsobeusedforthedeterminationofcomparativedatafromsimilartypesofmaterial.1.3ThemethodhasagreaterrangeofapplicabilitythanthatgiveninISO180[1]andismoresuitableforthetestingofmaterialsshowinginterlaminarshearfractureorofmaterialsexhibitingsurfaceeffectsduetoenvironmentalfactors.1.4Themethodissuitableforusewiththefollowingrangeofmaterials:⎯rigidthermoplasticmouldingandextrusionmaterials(includingfilledandreinforcedcompoundsinadditiontounfilledtypes)andrigidthermoplasticssheets;⎯rigidthermosettingmouldingmaterials(includingfilledandreinforcedcompounds)andrigidthermosettingsheets(includinglaminates);⎯fibre-reinforcedthermosettingandthermoplasticcompositesincorporatingunidirectionalormulti-directionalreinforcements(suchasmats,wovenfabrics,wovenrovings,choppedstrands,combinationandhybridreinforcements,rovingsandmilledfibres)orincorporatingsheetsmadefrompre-impregnatedmaterials(prepregs),includingfilledandreinforcedcompounds;⎯thermotropicliquid-crystalpolymers.1.5Notchedsamplesarenotnormallysuitableforusewithrigidcellularmaterials,long-fibre-reinforcedcompositesorthermotropicliquid-crystalpolymers.Inthesecases,unnotchedsamplesmaybeused.1.6Themethodissuitedtotheuseofspecimensmouldedtothechosendimensions,machinedfromthecentralportionofastandardmultipurposetestspecimen(seeISO3167)ormachinedfromfinishedorsemifinishedproductssuchasmouldings,laminatesandextrudedorcastsheet.1.7Themethodspecifiespreferreddimensionsforthetestspecimen.Testswhicharecarriedoutonspecimensofdifferentdimensionsorwithdifferentnotches,orspecimenswhicharepreparedunderdifferentconditions,mightproduceresultswhicharenotcomparable.Otherfactors,suchastheenergycapacityoftheapparatus,theimpactvelocityandtheconditioningofthespecimenscanalsoinfluencetheresults.Consequently,whencomparativedataarerequired,thesefactorsmustbecarefullycontrolledandrecorded.ISO179-1:2010(E)2©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved1.8Themethodshouldnotbeusedasasourceofdatafordesigncalculations.Informationonthetypicalbehaviourofamaterialcanbeobtained,however,bytestingatdifferenttemperatures,byvaryingthenotchradiusand/orthespecimenthicknessandbytestingspecimenspreparedunderdifferentconditions.2NormativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO291,Plastics—StandardatmospheresforconditioningandtestingISO293,Plastics—CompressionmouldingoftestspecimensofthermoplasticmaterialsISO294-1,Plastics—Injectionmouldingoftestspecimensofthermoplasticmaterials—Part1:Generalprinciples,andmouldingofmultipurposeandbartestspecimensISO294-3,Plastics—Injectionmouldingoftestspecimensofthermoplasticmaterials—Part3:SmallplatesISO295,Plastics—CompressionmouldingoftestspecimensofthermosettingmaterialsISO1268-11,Fibre-reinforcedplastics—Methodsofproducingtestplates—Part11:InjectionmouldingofBMCandotherlong-fibremouldingcompounds—SmallplatesISO2602,Statisticalinterpretationoftestresults—Estimationofthemean—ConfidenceintervalISO2818,Plastics—PreparationoftestspecimensbymachiningISO3167,Plastics—MultipurposetestspecimensISO10724-1,Plastics—Injectionmouldingoftestspecimensofthermosettingpowdermouldingcompounds(PMCs)—Part1:GeneralprinciplesandmouldingofmultipurposetestspecimensISO13802,Plastics—Verificationofpendulumimpact-testingmachines—Charpy,Izodandtensileimpact-testing3TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.3.1CharpyunnotchedimpactstrengthacUimpactenergyabsorbedinbreakinganunnotchedspecimen,referredtotheoriginalcross-sectionalareaofthespecimenNOTEItisexpressedinkilojoulespersquaremetre(kJ/m2).3.2CharpynotchedimpactstrengthacNimpactenergyabsorbedinbreakinganotchedspecimen,referredtotheoriginalcross-sectionalareaofthespecimenatthenotch,whereN=A,BorC,dependingonthenotchtype(see6.3.1.1.2)NOTEItisexpressedinkilojoulespersquaremetre(kJ/m2).ISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved33.3edgewiseimpactedirectionofblowparalleltothedimensionb,withimpactonthenarrowlongitudinalsurfaceh×lofthespecimen(seeFigure1,left,andFigures2and4)3.4flatwiseimpactfdirectionofblowparalleltothedimensionh,withimpactonthebroadlongitudinalsurfaceb×lofthespecimen(seeFigure1,right,andFigures3and4)3.5normalimpactn⟨laminar-reinforcedplastics⟩impactwiththedirectionofblownormaltotheplaneofreinforcement(seeFigure4)3.6parallelimpactp⟨laminar-reinforcedplastics⟩impactwiththedirectionofblowparalleltotheplaneofreinforcement(seeFigure4)4PrincipleThetestspecimen,supportednearitsendsasahorizontalbeam,isimpactedbyasingleblowofastriker,withthelineofimpactmidwaybetweenthesupports,andbentatahigh,nominallyconstant,velocity.Inthecaseofedgewiseimpactwithnotchedspecimens,thelineofimpactisdirectlyoppositethesinglenotch(seeFigure1,left,andFigure2).5Apparatus5.1TestmachineTheprinciples,characteristicsandverificationofsuitabletestmachinesaredetailedinISO13802.ISO13802describespartialverificationandfullverification.Inthecaseoffullverification,someitemsaredifficulttoverifywhentheapparatusisassembled.Suchverificationsareassumedtobeincumbentonthemanufacturer.5.2MicrometersandgaugesMicrometersandgaugescapableofmeasuringtheessentialdimensionsoftestspecimenstoanaccuracyof0,02mmarerequired.FormeasuringthedimensionbNofnotchedspecimens,themicrometershallhaveaspindlewithameasuringtiphavingasuitableprofiletofittheshapeofthenotch.ISO179-1:2010(E)4©ISO2010–Allrightsreserveda)Edgewiseimpactb)FlatwiseimpactKey1directionofblow2rodofpendulum3testspecimen4notch5supportFigure1—Strikingedgeandsupportblocksfortype1testspecimenatmomentofimpact6Testspecimens6.1Preparation6.1.1MouldingandextrusioncompoundsSpecimensshallbepreparedinaccordancewiththerelevantmaterialspecification.ThespecimensshallbeeitherdirectlycompressionmouldedinaccordancewithISO293orISO295orinjectionmouldedfromthematerialinaccordancewithISO294-1,ISO294-3orISO10724-1,asappropriate,ormachinedinaccordancewithISO2818fromsheetthathasbeencompressionorinjectionmouldedfromthecompound.Type1specimensmaybecutfrommultipurposetestspecimenscomplyingwithISO3167,typeA.6.1.2SheetsSpecimensshallbemachinedfromsheetsinaccordancewithISO2818.6.1.3Long-fibre-reinforcedmaterialsApanelshallbepreparedinaccordancewithISO1268-11oranotherspecifiedoragreeduponpreparationprocedure.SpecimensshallbemachinedinaccordancewithISO2818.ISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved5Key1directionofblowFigure2—Charpyedgewiseimpact(e)withsingle-notchedspecimenKey1directionofblowFigure3—Charpyflatwiseimpact(f)ISO179-1:2010(E)6©ISO2010–AllrightsreservedKey1directionofblowEdgewise(e)andflatwise(f)indicatethedirectionoftheblowwithrespecttothespecimenthickness,h,andspecimenwidth,b.Normal(n)andparallel(p)indicatethedirectionoftheblowwithrespecttothelaminateplane.TheCharpy“fn”and“ep”testsareusedforlaminates,whileboththeCharpy“en”and“ep”testsareusedforothermaterials.TheCharpy“fn”and“fp”testsareusedfortestingmaterialsexhibitingsurfaceeffects.Figure4—SchemeofdesignationsdescribingthedirectionofblowISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved76.1.4CheckingThespecimensshallbefreeoftwistandshallhavemutuallyperpendicularparallelsurfaces.Thesurfacesandedgesshallbefreefromscratches,pits,sinkmarksandflash.Thespecimensshallbecheckedforconformitywiththeserequirementsbyvisualobservationagainststraightedges,setsquaresandflatplates,andbymeasuringwithmicrometercallipers.Specimensshowingmeasurableorobservabledeparturefromoneormoreoftheserequirementsshallberejectedormachinedtopropersizeandshapebeforetesting.6.1.5Notching6.1.5.1MachinednotchesshallbepreparedinaccordancewithISO2818.TheprofileofthecuttingtoothshallbesuchastoproduceinthespecimenanotchofthecontouranddepthshowninFigure5,atrightanglestoitsprincipalaxes(seeNote).NOTETheradiusofthenotchtipcanbemeasuredbythemethodgiveninAnnexC.6.1.5.2Specimenswithmoulded-innotchesmaybeusedifspecifiedforthematerialbeingtested(seeNote).NOTESpecimenswithmoulded-innotchesdonotgiveresultscomparabletothoseobtainedfromspecimenswithmachinednotches.a)TypeAb)TypeBc)TypeCRadiusofnotchtiprN=(0,25±0,05)mmRadiusofnotchtiprN=(1,00±0,05)mmRadiusofnotchtiprN=(0,10±0,02)mmFigure5—Notchtypes6.2AnisotropyCertaintypesofsheetorpanelmaterialorspecimentakenfrominjection-mouldedplatescanshowdifferentimpactproperties,dependingonthedirectionintheplaneofthesheetorpanel.Insuchcases,itiscustomarytocutgroupsoftestspecimenswiththeirmajoraxesrespectivelyparallelandperpendiculartothedirectionofsomefeatureofthesheetorpanelwhichiseithervisibleorinferredfromknowledgeofthemethodofmanufacture.ISO179-1:2010(E)8©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved6.3Shapeanddimensions6.3.1Materialsnotexhibitinginterlaminarshearfracture6.3.1.1Mouldingandextrusioncompounds6.3.1.1.1Type1testspecimens,unnotchedorwithoneofthreedifferenttypesofnotch,shallbeusedasspecifiedinTables1and2andshowninFigures2and5.Thenotchshallbelocatedatthecentreofthespecimen.Type1specimens(seeTable1)maybetakenfromthecentralpartofthetypeAmultipurposetestspecimenspecifiedinISO3167.Table1—Specimentypes,specimendimensionsandspansbetweenspecimensupports(seeFigures2and6)DimensionsinmillimetresLengthaWidthaThicknessaSpanSpecimentypelbhL180±210,0±0,24,0±0,20,50,062+-2b3b25h11hor13h10or15c3d20h6hor8haThespecimendimensions(thickness,h,width,b,andlength,l)aredefinedbyh<b<l.bSpecimentypes2and3shallbeusedonlyformaterialsdescribedin6.3.2.c10mmformaterialsreinforcedwithafinestructure,15mmforthosewithalargestitchstructure(see6.3.2.2).dPreferredthickness.Ifthespecimeniscutfromasheetorapiece,hshallbeequaltothethicknessofthesheetorpiece,upto10,2mm(see6.3.1.2)Table2—Methoddesignations,specimentypes,notchtypesandnotchdimensions—MaterialsnotexhibitinginterlaminarshearfractureDimensionsinmillimetresMethoddesignationaSpecimentypeBlowdirectionNotchtypeNotchtipradius,rN(seeFigure5)Remainingwidth,bN,atnotchtip(seeFigure2)ISO179-1/1eAbA0,25±0,058,0±0,2ISO179-1/1eBB1,00±0,058,0±0,2ISO179-1/1eCC0,10±0,028,0±0,2ISO179-1/1eUbEdgewiseUnnotchedISO179-1/1fUc1FlatwiseUnnotchedaIfspecimensaretakenfromsheetorproducts,thethicknessofthesheetorproductshallbeaddedtothedesignation.Unreinforcedspecimensshallnotbetestedwiththeirmachinedsurfaceundertension.bPreferredmethod.cEspeciallyforthestudyofsurfaceeffects(see6.3.1.1.3).ISO179-1:2010(E)©ISO2010–Allrightsreserved96.3.1.1.2ThepreferredtypeofnotchistypeA(seeTable2andFigure5).Formostmaterials,unnotchedspecimensorspecimenswithasingletypeAnotchtestedbyedgewiseimpact(see3.3)aresuitable.IfspecimenswithatypeAnotchdonotbreakduringthetest,specimenswithatypeCnotchshallbeused.Ifinformationonthenotchsensitivityofthematerialisdesired,specimenswithnotchtypesA,BandCshallbetested.6.3.1.1.3Unnotch