标准航海通信用语(IMO SMCP)

NAV46/WP.3INTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATIONEIMOSUB-COMMITTEEONSAFETYOFNAV46/INF.4NAVIGATION4April200046thsessionOriginal:ENGLISHAgendaitem9&RIJEKACOLLEGEOFMARITIMESTUDIESIMOSTANDARDMARINECOMMUNICATIONPHRASES(SMCP)Rijeka,September2000NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage2FOREWORDAsnavigationalandsafetycommunicationsfromshiptoshoreandviceversa,shiptoship,andonboardshipsmustbeprecise,simpleandunambiguous,soastoavoidconfusionanderror,thereisaneedtostandardizethelanguageused.Thisisofparticularimportanceinthelightoftheincreasingnumberofinternationallytradingvesselswithcrewsspeakingmanydifferentlanguagessinceproblemsofcommunicationmaycausemisunderstandingsleadingtodangerstothevessel,thepeopleonboardandtheenvironment.In1973theIMOMaritimeSafetyCommitteeagreedatitstwenty-seventhsessionthat,wherelanguagedifficultiesarise,acommonlanguageshouldbeusedfornavigationalpurposesandthatlanguageshouldbeEnglish.InconsequencetheStandardMarineNavigationalVocabulary(SMNV)wasdeveloped,adoptedin1977andamendedin1985.In1992theIMOMaritimeSafetyCommitteeatitssixtiethsessioninstructedtheIMOSub-CommitteeonSafetyofNavigationtodevelopamorecomprehensivestandardizedsafetylanguagethantheSMNV,1985,takingintoaccountthechangingconditionsinmodernseafaringandcoveringallmajorsafety-relatedverbalcommunications.Atitssixty-eighthsessionin1997theIMOMaritimeSafetyCommitteeadoptedtheDraftStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases(SMCP)developedbytheIMOSub-CommitteeonSafetyofNavigation.TheDraftSMCP,followinginternationaltrials,wasamendedattheforty-sixthsessionofthisSub-CommitteeandfinalconsiderationgivenattheIMOMaritimeSafetyCommitteeatits[...]sessioninthelightofremarksreceivedbytheOrganization.TheSMCPwasadoptedbytheIMOAssemblyin[...]asresolutionA.([...]).UndertheInternationalConventiononStandardsofTraining,CertificationandWatchkeepingforSeafarers,1978,asrevised1995,theabilitytounderstandandusetheSMCPisrequiredforthecertificationofofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonshipsof500grosstonnageormore.NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage3IMOSTANDARDMARINECOMMUNICATIONPHRASESCONTENTSDESCRIPTIONPAGEINTRODUCTION91PositionoftheSMCPinmaritimepractice2OrganizationoftheSMCP3PositionoftheSMCPinMaritimeEducationandTraining4Basiccommunicativefeatures5TypographicalconventionsGENERAL111Procedure2Spelling3MessageMarkers4Responses5Distress/urgency/safetysignals6Standardorganizationalphrases7Corrections8Readiness9Repetition10Numbers11Positions12Bearings13Courses14Distances15Speed16Time17Geographicalnames18AmbiguouswordsGLOSSARY171Generalterms2VTSspecialtermsSTANDARDMARINECOMMUNICATIONPHRASESPARTA29AIEXTERNALCOMMUNICATIONPHRASES29AI/1DistressCommunications29AI/1.1Distresstraffic29NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage4.1Fire,explosion.2Flooding.3Collision.4Grounding.5List,dangerofcapsizing.6Sinking.7Disabledandadrift.8Armedattack/piracy.9Undesignateddistress.10Abandoningvessel.11PersonoverboardAI/1.2SearchandRescuecommunications32.1SARcommunications(specifyingorsupplementarytoAI/1.1).2Acknowledgementand/orrelayofSAR-messages.3Performing/co-ordinatingSAR-operations.4FinishingwithSAR-operationsAI/1.3RequestingMedicalAssistance34AI/2Urgencytraffic35Safetyofavessel(otherthandistress).1Technicalfailure.2Cargo.3IcedamageAI/3SafetyCommunications36AI/3.1Meteorologicalandhydrologicalconditions36.1Winds,storms,tropicalstorms;seastate.2Restrictedvisibility.3Ice.4AbnormaltidesAI/3.2Navigationalwarningsinvolving38.1Land-orseamarks.2Driftingobjects.3Electronicnavigationalaids.4Seabottomcharacteristics,wrecks.5Miscellaneous.5.1Cable,pipeandseismic/hydrographicoperations.5.2Divingoperations,tows,dredgingoperations.5.3Tankertranshipment.5.4Off-shoreinstallations,rigmoves.5.5Defectivelocksorbridges.5.6Militaryoperations.5.7FisheryNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage5AI/3.3Environmentalprotectioncommunications40AI/4Pilotage40AI/4.1Pilotrequest40AI/4.2Embarking/disembarkingpilot41AI/4.3Tugrequest41AI/5Specials42AI/5.1Helicopteroperations42AI/5.2Ice-breakeroperations42.1Ice-breakerrequest.2Ice-breakerassistanceforconvoy.3Iice-breakerassistanceinclose-coupledtowingAI/6VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrases43AI/6.1Phrasesforacquiringandprovidingdataforatrafficimage46.1Acquiringandprovidingroutinetrafficdata.2AcquiringandprovidingdistresstrafficdataAI/6.2PhrasesforprovidingVTSservices47.1Informationservice.1.1Navigationalwarnings.1.2Navigationalinformation.1.3Trafficinformation.1.4Routeinformation.1.5Hydrographicinformation.1.6Electronicnavigationalaidsinformation.1.7Meteorologicalwarnings.1.8Meteorologicalinformation.1.9Meteorologicalquestionsandanswers.2Navigationalassistanceservice.2.1Requestandidentification.2.2Position.2.3Course.3Trafficorganizationservice.3.1Clearance,forwardplanning.3.2Anchoring.3.3Arrival,berthinganddeparture.3.4Enforcement.3.5Avoidingdangeroussituations,providingsafemovements.3.6CanalandlockoperationsAI/6.3HandingovertoanotherVTS54AI/6.4Phrasesforcommunicationwithemergencyservicesandalliedservices54.1Emergencyservices(SAR,firefighting,pollutionfighting).2Tugservices.3PilotrequestNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage6.4Embarking/disembarkingpilotAppendixtoAI–ExternalCommunicationPhrases56StandardGMDSSMessages1StandardDistressMessage.1Structure.2Example2StandardUrgencyMessage.1Structure.2Example3StandardSafetyMessage.1Structure.2ExampleAIION-BOARDCOMMUNICATIONPHRASES(A)57AII/1StandardWheelOrders58AII/2StandardEngineOrders59AII/3PilotontheBridge59AII/3.1Propulsionsystem59AII/3.2Manoeuvring60AII/3.3Radar60AII/3.4Draftandairdraft61AII/3.5Anchoring61.1Goingtoanchor.2LeavingtheanchorageAII/3.6Tugassistance62AII/3.7Berthingandunberthing63.1General.2Berthing.3UnberthingSTANDARDMARINECOMMUNICATIONPHRASESPARTB65BON-BOARDCOMMUNICATIONPHRASES(B)65B1OperativeShiphandling65B1/1Handingoverthewatch65B1/1.1Briefingonposition,movementanddraft65.1PositionNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage7.2Movements.3DraftB1/1.2Briefingontrafficsituationinthearea66B1/1.3Briefingonnavigationalaidsandequipmentstatus66B1/1.4Briefingonradiocommunications66B1/1.5Briefingonmeteorologicalconditions67B1/1.6Briefingonstandingordersandbridgeorganization67B1/1.7Briefingonspecialnavigationalevents68B1/1.8Briefingontemperatures,pressuresandsoundings68B1/1.9Briefingonoperationofmainengineandauxiliaryequipment68B1/1.10Briefingonpumpingoffuel,ballastwater,etc.68B1/1.11Briefingonspecialmachineryeventsandrepairs69B1/1.12Briefingonrecordkeeping69B1/1.13Handingandtakingoverthewatch69B1/2Trim,listandstability69B2SafetyonBoard70B2/1GeneralActivities70B2/1.1Raisingalarm70B2/1.2Briefingcrewandpassengers70B2/1.3Checkingstatusofescaperoutes71B2/1.4Checkingstatusoflifeboats/liferafts71B2/1.5Orderingevacuation72B2/1.6Rollcall73B2/1.7Orderingabandonvessel73B2/1.8In-boatprocedures73B2/2OccupationalSafety75B2/2.1Instruction75B2/2.2Practicaloccupationalsafety75B2/2.3Occupationalaccidents76B2/3FireProtectionandFireFighting76NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage8B2/3.1Fireprotection76.1CheckingstatusofequipmentB2/3.2Firefightinganddrills78.1Reportingfire.2Reportingreadinessforaction.3Ordersforfirefighting.4CancellationofalarmB2/4DamageControl80B2/4.1Checkingequipmentstatusanddrills80B2/4.2Damagecontrolactivities81.1Reportingflooding.2Reportingreadinessforaction.3Ordersfordamagecontrol.4CancellationofalarmB2/5Grounding83B2/5.1Reportinggroundingandorderingactions83B2/5.2Reportingdamage83B2/5.3Ordersforrefloating84B2/5.4Checkingseaworthiness85B2/6SearchandRescueOn-boardActivities85B2/6.1Checkingequipmentstatus86B2/6.2Person-overboardactivitiesB2/6.3Rescueoperation-reportingreadinessforassistance88B2/6.4Conductingsearch88B2/6.5Rescueactivities89B2/6.6Finishingwithsearchandrescueoperations89B3CargoandCargoHandling89B3/1CargoHandling89B3/1.1Loadingandunloading89.1Loadingcapacitiesandquantities.2Dockside/shipboardcargohandlinggearandequipment.3Preparingforloading/unloading.4Operatingcargohandlingequipmentandhatches.5Maintaining/repairingcargohandlingequipment.6BriefingonstowingandsecuringB3/1.2Handlingdangerousgoods92.1Briefingonnatureofdangerousgoods.2Instructionsoncompatibilityandstowage.3Reportingincidents.4ActionincaseofincidentsNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage9B3/1.3Handlingliquidgoods,bunkersandballast-pollutionprevention94.1Preparingsafetymeasures.2Operatingpumpingequipment.3Reportingandcleaningupspillage.4Ballasthandling.5TankcleaningB3/1.4Preparingforsea96B3/2CargoCare96B3/2.1Operatingshipboardequipmentforcargocare96B3/2.2Takingmeasuresforcargocare97.1Carryingoutinspections.2Describingdamagetothecargo.3TakingactionsB4PassengerCare98B4/1BriefingandInstruction98B4/1.1Conductofpassengersonboard98.1Generalinformationonconductofpassengers.2Briefingonprohibitedareas,decksandspacesB4/1.2Briefingonsafetyregulations,preventivemeasuresandcommunications99.1Thegeneralemergencyalarm.2Preventing/reportingfire.3PAannouncementsonemergency.4Personoverboard.5ProtectivemeasuresforchildrenB4/2EvacuationandBoatDrill101B4/2.1Allocating/directingtoassemblystations,describinghowtoescape101B4/2.2Briefingonhowtodressandwhattotaketoassemblystations101B4/2.3Performingrollcall101B4/2.4Briefingonhowtoputonlife-jackets102B4/2.5Instructionsonhowtoembarkandbehaveinlifeboats/liferafts102B4/2.6On-scenemeasuresandactionsinlifeboats/liferafts102B4/3AttendingtoPassengersinanEmergency102B4/3.1Informingonpresentsituation102B4/3.2Escortinghelplesspassengers103NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage10INTRODUCTION1PositionoftheSMCPinmaritimepracticeTheStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases(SMCP)hasbeencompiled:-toassistinthegreatersafetyofnavigationandoftheconductoftheship,-tostandardizethelanguageusedincommunicationfornavigationatsea,inport-approaches,inwaterways,harboursandonboardvesselswithmultilingualcrews,and-toassistmaritimetraininginstitutionsinmeetingtheobjectivesmentionedabove.ThesephrasesarenotintendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningships'routeing,neitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeofSignals,andwhenappliedinship’sexternalcommunicationthishastobedoneinstrictcompliancewiththerelevantradiotelephoneproceduresassetoutintheITURadioRegulations.Furthermore,theSMCP,asacollectionofindividualphrases,shouldnotberegardedasanykindoftechnicalmanualprovidingoperationalinstructions.TheSMCPmeetstherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescovertherelevantcommunicationsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConventions.UseoftheSMCPshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencetootherwordingofsimilarmeaning;asaminimumrequirementusersshouldadhereascloselyaspossibletotheirwordinginrelevantsituations.Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,usingEnglishfortheverbalinterchangeofintelligenceamongindividualsofallmaritimenationsonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.TheaccompanyingCD/Cassetteisdesignedtofamilarizeuserswiththepronunciationofthephrases.2OrganizationoftheSMCPTheSMCPisdividedintoExternalCommunicationPhrasesandOn-boardCommunicationPhrasesasfarasitsapplicationisconcerned,andintoPARTAandPARTBastoitsstatuswithintheframeworkoftheSTCW,1978,asrevised.PARTAcoversphrasesapplicableinexternalcommunicationsandwhichmaythusberegardedasthereplacementoftheStandardMarineNavigationalVocabulary,1985,whichisrequestedtobeusedandunderstoodbytheSTCWCode,1995,TableA-II/I.Thispartwasenrichedbyessentialphrasesconcerningshiphandlingandsafetyofnavigationtobeusedinon-boardcommunications,particularlywhenthePilotisonthebridge,asrequiredbyRegulation14(4),ChapterV,SOLAS1974,asrevised.PARTBcallsattentiontootheron-boardstandardsafety-relatedphraseswhich,supplementarytoPARTA,mayalsoberegardedusefulforMaritimeEnglishinstruction.NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage113PositionoftheSMCPinMaritimeEducationandTrainingTheSMCPdoesnotintendtoprovideacomprehensiveMaritimeEnglishsyllabuswhichisexpectedtocoverafarwiderrangeoflanguageskillstobeachievedinthefieldsofvocabulary,grammar,discourseabilities,etc.,thantheSMCPcouldevermanage..However,PARTAinparticular,shouldbeanindispensablepartofanycurriculumwhichisdesignedtomeetthecorrespondingrequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised.Inaddition,PARTBoffersarichchoiceofsituationscoveredbyphraseswellsuitedtomeetthecommunicationrequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,whichareimplicitlyexpectedtobesatisfiedbymariners.TheSMCPshouldbetaughtandlearntselectively,accordingtotheusers`specificneedsratherthancompletely.Therespectiveinstructionshouldbebasedonpracticeinthemaritimeenvironmentandbeimplementedthroughappropriatemodernlanguageteachingmethods.4BasiccommunicativefeaturesTheSMCPbuildsonabasicknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwasdraftedonpurposeinasimplifiedversionofMaritimeEnglishtoreducegrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimum,usingstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofitsfunctionaspects,i.e.diminishingmisunderstandinginsafetyrelatedverbalcommunications,therebyendeavouringtoreflectpresentMaritimeEnglishlanguageusageonboardvesselsandinship-to-shore/ship-to-shipcommunications.Thismeans,inphrasesofferedforuseinemergencyandothersituationsdevelopingunderconsiderablepressureoftimeorpsychologicalstressaswellsasinnavigationalwarnings,ablocklanguagewasappliedwhichsparinglyuses,orfrequentlyomits,thefunctionwordsthe,a/an,is/areasdoneinseafaringpractice.Users,however,maybeflexibleinthisrespect.Furthercommunicativefeaturesmaybesummarizedasfollows:-avoidingsynonyms-avoidingcontractedforms-providingfullywordedanswersto"yes/no"-questionsandbasicalternativeanswerstosentencequestions-providingonephraseforoneevent,and-structuringthecorrespondingphrasesaftertheprinciple:identicalinvariableplusvariable.5Typographicalconventions()bracketsindicatethatthepartofthemessageenclosedwithinthebracketsmaybeaddedwhererelevant;/obliquestrokesindicatethattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;...dotsindicatethattherelevantinformationistobefilledinwherethedotsoccur;(italicletters)indicatethekindofinformationrequested;~tildesstandfortheinvariablepartofanaforementionedstandardphrasewhichisfollowedbyavariableaddendum.NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage12GENERAL1ProcedureWhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagemaybesent:"PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.""IwilluseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases."2Spelling2.1SpellingoflettersWhenspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtableshouldbeused:LetterCodeLetterCodeAAlfaNNovemberBBravoOOscarCCharliePPapaDDeltaQQuebecEEchoRRomeoFFoxtrotSSierraGGolfTTangoHHotelUUniformIIndiaVVictorJJulietWWhiskyKKiloXX-rayLLimaYYankeeMMikeZZulu2.2SpellingofdigitsandnumbersAfewdigitsandnumbershaveamodifiedpronunciationcomparedtogeneralEnglish:NumberSpellingPronunciation0zeroZEERO1oneWUN2twoTOO3threeTREE4fourFOWER5fiveFIFE6sixSIX7sevenSEVEN8eightAIT9nineNINER1000thousandTOUSANDNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage133MessageMarkersInshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thefollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(alsosee"ApplicationofMessageMarkers"giveninPARTAI/6"VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrases"):(i)Instruction(ii)Advice(iii)Warning(iv)Information(v)Question(vi)Answer(vii)Request(viii)Intention4Responses4.1Whentheanswertoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say:"Yes,...."-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.4.2Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say:"No,..."-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.4.3Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:"Standby"-followedbythetimeintervalwithinwhichtheinformationwillbeavailable.4.4Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:"Noinformation."4.5WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:"Iwill/can..."-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,ifinthenegative,respond:"Iwillnot/cannot..."-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.Example:"ADVICE.DonotovertakethevesselNorthofyou."Respond:"IwillnotovertakethevesselNorthofme."4.6Responsestoordersandanswerstoquestionsofspecialimportancebothinexternalandon-boardcommunicationaregiveninwordinginthephrasesconcerned.5Distress,urgencyandsafetysignals5.1MAYDAYtobeusedtoannounceadistressmessage5.2PAN-PANtobeusedtoannounceanurgencymessage5.3SÈCURITÈtobeusedtoannounceasafetymessageNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage146Standardorganizationalphrases6.1"Howdoyouread(me)?"6.1.1"Ireadyou...bad/onewithsignalstrengthone(i.e.barelyperceptible)poor/twowithsignalstrengthtwo(i.e.weak)fair/threewithsignalstrengththree(i.e.fairlygood)good/fourwithsignalstrengthfour(i.e.good)excellent/fivewithsignalstrengthfive(i.e.verygood)6.2WhenitisadvisabletoremainonaVHFChannel/frequencysay:"StandbyonVHFChannel.../frequency..."6.2.1WhenitisacceptedtoremainontheVHFchannel/frequencyindicated,say:"StandingbyonVHFChannel.../frequency..."6.3WhenitisadvisabletochangetoanotherVHFChannel/frequency,say:"Advise(you)changetoVHFChannel.../frequency....""Advise(you)tryVHFChannel../frequency...."6.3.1WhenthechangingofaVHFChannel/frequencyisaccepted,say:"ChangingtoVHFChannel.../frequency...."7CorrectionsWhenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:"Mistake..."-followedbytheword:"Correction..."plusthecorrectedpartofthemessage.Example:"Mypresentspeedis14knots-mistake.Correction,mypresentspeedis12,one-two,knots."8Readiness"Iam/Iamnotreadytoreceiveyourmessage".9Repetition9.1Ifanypartofthemessageareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:"Repeat..."-followedbythecorrespondingpartofthemessage.Example:"Mydraftis12.6repeatone-twodecimal6metres.""Donotovertake-repeat-donotovertake."9.2Whenamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:"Sayagain(please)."NAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage1510NumbersNumbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:"One-five-zero"for150"Twodecimalfive"orTwopointfive”for2.5Note:Attention!Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:"Fifteen"for15or"Twenty"for20etc..11Positions11.1Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesandminutes(anddecimalsofaminuteifnecessary),NorthorSouthoftheEquatorandEastorWestofGreenwich.Example:"WARNING.Dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesNorth061degrees29minutesWest."11.2Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-definedchartedobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionFROMthemark.Example:"Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBigHeadlighthousedistance2.4nauticalmiles."12BearingsThebearingofthemarkorvesselconcerned,isthebearinginthe360degreenotationfromnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.BearingsmaybeeitherFROMthemarkorFROMthevessel.Examples:"Pilotboatisbearing215degreesfromyou."Note:VesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotetheirbearingFROMthemark,asdescribedinparagraph11.2ofthissection.12.1RelativebearingsRelativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetothevessel'shead.Morefrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.Example:"Buoy030degreesonyourportbow."(RelativeD/Fbearingsaremorecommonlyexpressedinthe360degreenotation.)13CoursesAlwaystobeexpressedin360degreenotationfromnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated).WhetherthisistoTOorFROMamarkcanbestated.14DistancesNAV46/WP.3ANNEXPage16Preferablytobeexpressedinnauticalmilesorcables(tenthsofamile)otherwiseinkilometresormetres,theunitalwaystobestated.15SpeedTobeexpressedinknots:15.1withoutfurthernotationmeaningspeedthroughthewater;or,15.2.1.1"groundspeed"meaningspeedovertheground.16TimesTimesshouldbeexpressedinthe24hourUTCnotation;iflocaltimewillbeusedinportsorharboursitshouldclearlybestated.17GeographicalnamesPlacenamesusedshouldbethoseonthechartorinSailingDirectionsinuse.Shouldthesenotbeunderstood,latitudeandlongitudeshouldbegiven.18AmbiguouswordsSomewordsinEnglishhavemeaningsdependingonthecontextinwhichtheyappear.Misunderstandingsfrequentlyoccur,especiallyinVTScommunications,andhaveproducedaccidents.Suchwordsare:18.1TheConditionals"May","Might","Should"and"Could".MayDonotsay:"MayIenterthefairway?"Say:"QUESTION.DoIhavepermissiontoenterthefairway?"Donotsay:"Youmayenterthefairway."Say:"ANSWER.Youhavepermissiontoenterthefairway."MightDonotsay:"Imightenterthefairway."Say:"INTENTION.Iwillenterthefairway."ShouldDonotsay:"YoushouldanchorinanchorageB3."Say:"ADVICE.AnchorinanchorageB3."CouldDonotsay:"Youcouldberunningintodanger."Say:"WARNING.Youarerunningintodan