2002年9月英语中级口译真题

2002年9月英语中级口译真题 2002年9月英语中级口译真题+音频+答案 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the correspo nding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once. SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes) As long as we are in a relationship, there is the potential for lasting happiness as well as for serious conflict. This applies at work, ______________(1) , and at home. The simple fact is that relationships are not always ________________(2) sailing. Conflict can lead to anger, hostility, and further conflicts. On the other hand, it can be used ad __________________(3) for solving problems. For example, you can handle conflict by _______________(4) that the problem exists, smoothing it over, or trying to overpower the other person. These, of course, will___________ (5) win or lose situations.But when you resolve conflict through collaboration and compromise, you can achieve _______________(6) situations. In today's lecture, I shall outline a few steps on ________________(7) transform a conflict into a solution in which both parties win. First _______________(8). Explain the problem to the other party.You should ___________(9) the conflict. It s hard to fix something before ____________(10)on what is broken. Second,understand all points of view.Ste aside your own opinions for a moment and _________(11) to understand the other points of view. When people feel that they have been heard, they're often more ________________(12). Third, brainstorm. Dream up as many solutions as you can and _______________(13) them one by one. This step will require _______________(14). Talk about which solutions will work and _______________(15) they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be acceptable by both parties, so you should be prepared to __________(16). Later, you'll need to review the _______________(17) of the accepted solution. If it ______________(18), be open to making changes or _____________(19) to bring about a new solution. Finally, implement. When you have both __________(20), decide who is going to do what by when. Then keep your agreements. Part B: Listening Comprehension I. Statements Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 1. (A) Mr. Baker doesn't like to go to the meeting last night. (B) Last night Mr. Baker decided to cancel this morning's meeting. (C) Mr. Baker made up his mind not to go to this morning's meeting. (D) Mr. Baker made a last- minute decision to hold the meeting this morning. 2. (A) Hard work often brings about discomfort in parts of the human body. (B) If you are nervous, you may hurt yourself in performing this kind of task. (C) Those staff members who work back to back are hard on each other. (D) This exercise is to relax your muscles in the neck, the shoulders and the back. 3. (A) We have been working on this machine for two years. (B) Free maintenance work is for a period of two years. (C) You don't have to do repair work on this machine in two years. (D) With monthly cleaning, the oil in this machine can run for two years. 4. (A) Only those high school graduates with excellent skills can be admitted into colleges. (B) No matter how difficult it is, high school graduates should at least try twice to get themselves into colleges. (C) Students should consider what they want to learn in the university. (D) Once in the university, you will feel superior to those drop- out students. 5. (A) All the board members voted for the Chairman s proposal to open the branch office. (B) The Chairman was not in favor of the opening of a branch office in the suburbs. (C) the board members are expecting a new Chairman from the downtown office. (D) The Chairman's proposal to set up a branch office was turned down by the board members. 6. (A) Mary had made an appointment to see the personnel manager last Tuesday. (B) Mary has been applying for a job and is going to see the personnel manager next week. (C) Mary is shortsighted and cannot see that personnel manager in the next office. (D) Mary didn t get that job since she was rue to the personnel manager on Tuesday. 7. (A) The supermarket will be finished in sixty days. (B) It took us more than sixty days to finish building the supermarket. (C) The supermarket should have been finished sixty days ago. (D) The supermarket had been built sixty days earlier. 8. (A) Her attendance record was severely damaged. (B) Her attendance record was never perfect. (C) She had once assisted in keeping the attendance record. (D) She had kept a near- perfect attendance record. 9. (A) He didn't know what would happen if he made the suggestion. (B) He didn't feel nervous after he had put forward the suggestion. (C) He realized that the committee members would not adopt his suggestion. (D) He considered it important to the committee members first. 10. (A) The Expo will be open the day after tomorrow. (B) The Expo is rescheduled to open on Friday. (C) The Expo's opening is delayed until tomorrow. (D)The Expo is not likely to open on Friday. II. Talks and Conversations Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 11~14 11. (A) Mr. Powell telephoned. (B) The woman dated Mr. Powell. (C) Someone came to see him. (D) There was a traffic jam. 12. (A) Because she hasn't recorded the phone message. (B) Because she hasn't let Mr. Powell in. (C) Because she hasn't invited him to lunch. (D) Because she hasn't phoned him. 13. (A) Mr. Powell's name card. (B) The restaurant's phone number. (C) Some money to make a phone call. (D) The name of a well- known department store. 14. (A) the woman was not careful about the man's name card. (B) The man was expecting someone to bring some important information. (C) The man was not available when Mr. Powell came in. (D) The woman accepted the man's apology for his mistake. Questions 15~18 15. (A) In 1961. (B) In 1963. (C) In 1970. (D) In 1971. 16. (A) Learning materials. (B) Laboratory facilities. (C) Summer course. (D) Party invitations. 17. (A) Some laboratory tests can be done at home. (B) All the college course are available. (C) registrations are all the year round. (D) Invitations to parties are free to all the students. 18. (A) part- time students may get cheaper snacks. (B) Students are able to get TV study programmes. (C) Students can attend lectures once a week. (D) Students may participate in summer school courses. Questions 19~22 19. (A) A lawyer. (B) An artist. (C) A student. (D) A physician. 20. (A) She thinks that it is a well- paid profession. (B) She considers herself to be fit for it. (C) She is unable to find other jobs for some time. (D) She wants to live independently of other people. 21. (A) She can speak several languages. (B) She is more careful and kinder. (C) She can serve women clients better. (D) She is likely to get more sympathy. 22. (A) Because it is well known for its educational excellence. (B) Because it is inexpensive in terms of school tuition fees. (C) Because it offers married students' apartments. (D) Because it allows students to practice during the school terms. Questions 23~26 23. (A) studying socio- linguistics. (B) Talking about the weather. (C) Saying hullo to each other. (D) Listening to weather forecasts. 24. (A) Linguists. (B) Drivers. (C) Teachers. (D) Students. 25. (A) He is probably trying to begin a conversation. (B) He is earnestly requesting an answer. (C) He is carefully planning an out- door excursion. (D) He is tentatively preparing a composition on social conventions. 26. (A) English people like to begin a conversation when the climate is favorable. (B) Foreign visitors are sometimes annoyed by the variability of the weather in England. (C) England is said to have the most effective transportation system in the world. (D) The weather conditions in England are not as bad as some people have imagined. Questions 27~30 27. (A) 20,000. (B) 200,000. (C) 2,000,000. (D) 2,500,000. 28. (A) The family owners. (B) The pressure groups. (C) The government and the councils. (D) The local housing committees. 29. (A) Because the rents are too high. (B) Because there are not enough hostels. (C) Because the local councils are inefficient and indifferent. (D) Because some state- run homes are less comfortable than prisons. 30. (A) A state- run apartment building for the homeless. (B) An efficient local housing committee in the metropolis. (C) A southern city that has solved the housing problem. (D) A charity organization that offers help to the homeless. Part C: Listening and Translation I. Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences.You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANAWER BOOKLET. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) II. Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. (1) (2) SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes) Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content.You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1~5 In a bay near Almeria in Southern Spain will be built the world's first underwater residence for tourists. The hotel will be 40 feet down in the Mediterranean. As all the world opened to tour operators, there was still a frontier behind which lay three quarters of the globe's surface, the sea; in whose cool depths light fades; no winds blow; there are no stars. There even the most bored travelers could recapture their sense of romance, terror or beauty. For a submerged hotel is such a beautiful idea. The hotel will cost 170,000 and will be able to accommodate up to ten people a night. Up until now only scientists and professional divers have lived under the sea, but soon, for the first time, the public will be able to go down into the darkness.They will have to swim down in diving suits, but at 40 feet there would be no problem about decompression. Design of the hotel was crucial. Most of the underwater structures used before had been in the shape of a diving bell or submarine. Professional divers could cope with such things but ordinary people would run the risk of violent claustrophobia. Then an Austrian architect had the idea of making three interconnecting circular structures, 18 feet in diameter, and looking much like flying saucers. They would be cast in concrete and launched from the shore. Towed into position they would then be sunk. A foundation of cast concrete would already be in place on the sea- bed. Pylons would attach the structures to this. Once in position the structures would be pumped dry. The pylons made to withstand an uplift pressure of 350 tons, would then take the strain. Cables linking the underwater structures to the hotel on shore would connect it with electricity, fresh water, television, and an air pump, and also dispose of sewage. Entry would be from underneath, up a ladder; because of the pressure inside there would be no need of airlocks or doors. The first structure would include a changing room and a shower area, where the divers would get out of their gear. There would also be a kitchen and a lavatory. The second structure would contain a dining room/ lecture theatre, and sleeping accommodation for eight people. The third structure would contain two suites. A steward would come down with the ten customers, to cook and look after them. Television monitors would relay all that went on to the shore so that discussions on the sea bed could be transmitted to all the world. 1.From the passage we understand that tour operators and travelers will be interested in the submerged hotel as ___________. (A) it is a quiet place for research work (B) it is an ideal sea- food restaurant (C) it will offer new possibilities (D) it will have unchanging weather 2. What design was finally considered most suitable for the new hotel? (A) Three separated circles. (B) Three linked discs. (C) Three connected globes. (D) Three interlocked cylinders. 3. The hotel would be able to float under water because it would be ____________. (A) made of light material (B) 350 tons in weight (C) filled with air (D) attached to pylons 4. It is planned that sleeping quarters will be provided for the guests in the __________. (A) second structure (B) second and third structures (C) first and third structures (D) third structure 5. The purpose of television monitors under the sea would be to relay ____________. (A). instructions from the sea bed to the shore (B). news from the shore to the sea bed (C).information from the world to the sea bed (D). information to the world from the sea bed Questions 6~10 For most people,boasting about oneself does not come naturally. It is not easy or comfortable to tell someone all the wonderful things you have accomplished. But that is exactly what you need to do if you are seeking a new job, or trying to hold on to the one you have. Of course, there is a fine line between self- confidence and arrogance, so to be successful in winning over the interviewer you must learn to maximize your accomplishments and attributes without antagonizing the interviewer. The natural tendency for most job seekers is to behave modestly in a job interview. To do the best job of selling yourself in an interview, you have to be prepared in advance. As part of your job- hunting check list, write down on a piece of paper your major job- related accomplishments. Commit them to memory. You will probably be pleasantly surprised to see in writing all that you have done. By developing this list, you will have accomplished two things: the first is you will impress the interviewer by being able to talk confidently and succinctly about your accomplishments. You will not have to sit uncomfortably while you think of your successes. They will be at the tip of your tongue. Secondly, rather than dwell on your own personality characteristics, such as how hardworking or creative you are, you can discuss hard facts, such as how you saved your employer money or an idea you developed that helped a customer man more money. When chronicling your accomplishments for the interviewer, take as much credit as you honestly can. If you developed a specific idea without help from your supervisor, it is acceptable to say that. Remember, you are at that interview to sell yourself, not your former co- workers. However, never criticize your former employer.Sharing your negative thoughts with the interviewer is an immediate turn- off and will only brand you as a complainer and gossip, whom no one likes or will hire. Keep in mind that the most important part of a job interview is making the employer like you and presenting yourself as the person he or she wants you to be. Consciously or not most employers tend to hire people who reflect their own values and standards. Once you get the job you want, boasting about your accomplishments does not stop. Although you may think all your successes and achievements are highly visible, remember that you are only one lf many people in a company. Lack of recognition is cited by a majority of discharged managers as the most frequent complaint against the former employer. To help make yourself more visible in the company, volunteer for additional assignments— both job- related and non- business- related. These could include community relations or charitable activities in which your company is involved. These types of activities may enable you to have more time and access to top executives of the company to whom you may endear yourself. You might even have the opportunity to tell them what you are doing for the company, which can never hurt. 6. This article is mostly about how to _________________. (A) interview for a job (B) please your boss (C) get along with co- workers (D) get and keep a job 7. In Paragraph 2, the word “maximize” means to ___________. (A) talk about (B) make the most of (C) be modest about (D) play down 8. The author states that the one thing you should never do during an interview is __________. (A) list your successes in previousjobs (B) promote your qualifications for thejob (C) tell your potential boss about the projects you ve worked on (D) make negative comments about your former employer 9. The author provides his views on winning and holding a new job by ______________. (A) offering suggestions (B) presenting facts and statistics (C) describing extreme situations (D) telling stories 10. In the passage, the author recommends all of the following EXCEPT _____________. (A) making a point of telling your supervisor what you have done (B) taking part in non- business- related activities (C) going on boasting about your successes and achievements (D) giving the employer an idea on how to run his other business Questions 11~15 5 Steps to Living Longer 1 Watch Your Temper Scientists have long believed that Type A's—those people driven by ambition, hard work and tight deadlines—were most prone to heart attacks. But it's not striving for goals that leads to disease; rather, it's being hostile, angry and cynical. Suggests Mittleman: if stress mounts so high that you begin snapping at people, “Ask yourself,„Is it worth having a heart attack over this??” 2 Lighten Your Dark Moods for years, evidence linking depression to an increased risk of heart attack has been growing. Johns Hopkins researchers interviewed 1551 people who were free of heart disease in the early 1980s and again 14 years later. Those who reported having experienced major depression were four times as likely to have a heart attack as those who had not been depressed. Exercise is an often overlooked antidepressant. In a study at Duke University, 60 percent of clinically depressed people who took a brisk 30- minute walk or jog at least three times a week were no longer depressed after 16 weeks. 3 Flatten That Belly More than 50 years ago French scientist Jean Vague noted that people with a lot of upper- body fat (those who looked like apples rather than pears) often developed heart disease, diabetes and other ailments. But it wasn't until the introduction of CT and MRI scans that doctors discovered that a special kind of fat,visceral fat,located within the abdomen, was strongly linked to these diseases. According to the National Institutes of Health, there's trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or more if you're a woman, and 40 inches or more if you re a man. And that's regardless of height. 4 Limit Your Bad Habits Heavy drinking. Moderate drinkers may be the least likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome, while alcoholics are the most likely. In part that's because, pound for pound, they carry more abdominal fat. In one Swedish study, researchers found that male alcoholics carried 48 percent of their body fat within the abdomen, compared with 38 percent for teetotalers. Cigarette smoking. Smoking is dangerous for reasons besides lung cancer or emphysema. Some 60 minutes after smoking a cigarette, one study revealed, smokers still showed elevated levels of cortisol, which promotes abdominal fat storage. Over- caffeinating. Moderate caffeine consumption doesn't seem to be harmful for most people. But recent studies suggest that when men who have both high blood pressure and a family history of hypertension drink a lot of caffeinated coffee while under job stress, they may experience a dangerous rise in blood pressure. 5 Rev Up Your Metabolism A new understanding of how disease sets up shop in your body focuses on metabolism—the sum of physical and chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. This approach reveals that a healthy metabolic profile counts for more than cardiovascular fitness or weight alone. As Glenn A. Gasser, professor of exercise physiology at the University of Virginia, notes, “Metabolic fitness is one of the best safeguards against heart disease, stroke and diabetes. ” 11. The phrase “snapping at” (Step 1: Watch Your Temper) is closest in meaning to __________. (A) judging severely (B) declaring publicly (C) answering rudely (D) understanding wrongly 12. According to the passage, which of the following people are liable to incur and suffer from heart attacks? (A) Those whose waist measures 35 inches or less. (B) Those who take a brisk 20- minute walk twice a week. (C) Those who have experienced major depression. (D) Those who have been striving for goals. 13. Stress may lead to all of the following EXCEPT_____________. (A) hostile disposition (B) cynical behaviour (C) over- caffeinating (D) great ambition 14. According to the passage, what kind of people are teetotalers (Step 4: Limit Your Bad Habits)? (A) Non- alcoholics. (B) Heavy drinkers. (C) Chain smokers. (D) Non- smokers. 15.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? (A) There is trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or less. (B) Metabolic fitness might prevent people from having heart disease. (C) Moderate drinkers may be the most likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome. (D) Moderate caffeine consumption seems to be harmful for most people. Questions 16~20 World prehistory is written from data recovered from thousands of archaeological sites, places where traces of human activity are to be found. Sites are normally identified through the presence of manufactured tools. Archaeological sites are most commonly classified by the activity that occurred there. Habitation sites are places where people lived and carried out a wide range of different activities. Most prehistoric sites come under this category, but habitation sites can vary from a small open campsite through rockshelters and caves,to large accumulations of shellfish remains (shell middens). Village habitation sites may consist of a small accumulation of occupation deposit and mud hut fragments, huge earthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Each presents its own special excavation problems. Burial sites provide a wealth of information on the prehistoric past. Grinning skeletons are very much part of popular archaeological legend, and human remains are common finds in the archaeological record.The earliest deliberate human burials are between fifty and seventy thousand years old.Individual burials are found in habitation sites,but often the inhabitants designated a special area for a cemetery. This cemetery could be a communal burial place where everyone was buried regardless of social status.Other burial sites, lik the Shang royal cemeteries in China, were reserved for nobility alone.Parts of a cemetery were sometimes reserved for certain special individuals in society such as clan leaders or priests. The patterning of grave goods in a cemetery can provide information about intangible aspects of human society such as religious beliefs or social organization. So can the pattern of deposition of the burials, their orientation in their graves, even family grouping. Sometimes physical anthropologists can detect biological similarities between different skeletons that may reflect close family, or other, ties. Quarry sites are places where people mined prized raw materials such as obsidian (a volcanic glass used for fine knives and mirrors) or copper.Excavations at such sites yield roughed out blanks of stone,or metal ingots,as well as finished products ready for trading elsewhere.Such objects were bartered widely in prehistoric times. Art Sites such as the cave of Altamira in northern Spain, or Lascaux in southwestern France, are commonplace in some areas of the world,noticeably southern Africa and parts of North America.Many are caves and rockshelters where prehistoric people painted or engraved game animals,scenes of daily life,or religious symbols.Some French art sites are at least fifteen thousand years old. Each of these site types represents a particular form of human activity, one that is represented in the archaeological record by specific artifact and surface indications found and recorded by the archaeologist. 16.An archaeological site is defined as a place where __________. (A) some record of human activity is found (B) humans bury beloved animals (C) evidence of plant or animal life exists (D) particular rock formations suggest the patterns of history 17. Generally speaking, archaeological sites are classified according to ___________. (A) the people who lived there (B) the historical period during which they were occupied (C) the type of activity for which they were used (D) the degree of civilization of those who lived there 18.The author mentions all of the following features of graves which may provide archaeologists with information about a particular society EXCEPT_______. (A) the location of the grave (B) the goods buried with the person (C) The degree of preservation of the body (D) The orientation of the body in the grave 19. Quarry sites are places where ________________. (A) paintings showing scenes of daily life (B) engravings of famous people (C) paintings recording the location of burial sites (D) tools and primitive devices used for engraving 20. According to the passage, art sites often contain . (A) paintings showing scenes of daily life (B) engravings of famous people (C) paintings recording the location of burial sites (D) tools and primitive devices used for engraving Questions 21~25 I got used, too, to my employer's violent changes of front. There was one morning when Siegfried came down to breakfast, rubbing a hand wearily over red- rimmed eyes. “Out at 2 a. m. ,” he groaned, buttering his toast listlessly, “And I don't like to have to say this, James, but it's all your fault.” “My fault?” I said, startled. “Yes lad, your fault.The farmer has a sick cow for several days and at 2 o'clock this morning he finally decided to call the vet. When I pointed out it could have waited a few hours more he said Mr. Herriot told him never to hesitate to ring—he'd come out any hour of the day or night.” He tapped the top of his egg as though the effort was almost too much for him. “Well, it's all very well being conscientious and all that, but if a thing has waited several days it can wait till morning. You're spoiling these chaps, James, and I'm getting the backwash of it. I'm sick and tired of being dragged out of bed for trifles.” “I'm truly sorry, Siegfried. I honestly had no wish to do that to you. Maybe it s just my inexperience. If I didn't go out, I d be worried the animal might die. If I left it till morning and it died, how would I feel?” “That s all right,” snapped Siegfried. “There's nothing like a dead animal to bring them to their senses. They'll call us out a bit earlier next time.” I absorbed this bit of advice and tried to act on it. A week later, Siegfried said he wanted a work with me. “James, I know you won't mind my saying this, but old Sumner was complaining to me today. He says he rang you the other night and you refused to come out to his cow. He's a good client, you know, and a very nice fellow, but he was quite shirty about it. We don t want to lose a chap like that.” “But it was just a chronic mastitis,” I said' A bit of thickening in the milk, that's all. He d been dosing it himself for nearly a week with some quack remedy. The cow was eating all right, so I thought it would be quite safe to leave it till next day.” Siegfried put a hand on my shoulder and an excessively patient look spread over his face. I steeled myself. I didn't mind his impartience, I was used to it and could stand it. But the patience was hard to take. “James,”he said in a gentle voice,“there is one fundamental rule in our job which transcends all others, and I'll tell you what it is. YOU MUST ATTEND. That is it and it ought to be written on your on your soul in letters of fire.” 21. Siegfried was not at his best on one morning because _____________. (A) his breakfast was not to his liking (B) he had been called out during the night (C) he had been woken up early for breakfast (D) the farmer hadn't tried to cure the cow himself 22. According to the passage, who was the young vet? (A) James. (B) Siegfried. (C) Sumner (D) Mr. Herrioson 23. James thought it was all right to leave Summer's cow till next day because _____________. (A) that was what Siegfried had advised (B) Sumner had said there was no urgency (C) He knew he could do nothing to save the animal (D) Sumner never paid his bills on time 24. “You must attend ” (last paragraph) in the context of the passage means “_________”. (A) You must follow your conscience (B) You must use your powers of discretion (C) You must go out whenever you are called (D) You must pay close attention at all times 25. The impression James gives of Siegfried is that of ____________. (A) a fairly easy- going generous employer (B) someone rather pompous and unpredictable (C) a conscientious but senile old man (D) an insufferable, tyrannical boss Questions 26~30 Most towns up to Elizabethan times were smaller than a modern village and each of them was built around its weekly market where local produce was brought for sale and the towns fold sold their work to the people from the countryside and provided them with refreshment for the day. Trade was virtually confined to that one day even in a town of a thousand or so people. On marlet days craftsmen put up their stalls in the open air whilst on one or two other days during the week the townsman would pack up his loaves, or nails, or cloth, and set out early to do a day s trade in the market of an adj oining town where, however, he would be charged a heavy toll for the privilege and get a less favourable spot for his stand than the local craftsmen. Another chance for him to make a sale was to the congregation gathered for Sunday morning worship. Although no trade was allowed anywhere during the hours of the service (except at annual fair times), after church there would be some trade at the church door with departing country folk. The trade of markets was almost wholly concerned with exchanging the products of the nearby countryside and the goods sold in the market but particularly in food retail dealing was distrusted as a kind of profiteering. Even when there was enough trade being done to afford a livelihood to an enterprising man ready to buy wholesale and sell retail, town authorities were reluctant to allow it. Yet there were plainly people who were tempted to “forestall the market” by buying gogds outside it, and to “regrate” them, that is to resell them, at a higher price. The constantly repeated rules against these practices and the endlessly recurring prosecutions mentioned in the records of all the larger towns prove that some well- informed and sharp- witted people did these things. Every town made its own laws and if it was big enough to have craft guilds, these associations would regulate the business of their members and tried to enforce a strict monopoly of their own trades.Yet while the guild leaders,as craftsmen, followed fiercely protectionist policies, at the same time, as leading townsmen, they wanted to see a big, busy market yielding a handsome revenue in various dues and tolls.Conflicts of interest led to endless,minute regulations,changeable, often inconsistent, frequently absurd. There was a time in the fourteenth century, for example, when London fishmongers were not allowed to handle any fish that had not already been exposed for sale for three days by the men who caught it. 26. Craftsmen might prefer to trade in their own town because there they could _________. (A) easily find good refreshment (B) work in the open air (C) start work very early (D) have the well- placed stalls 27. A tradesman was not allowed to sell his goods only ________________. (A) on special market days (B) at the annual fairs (C) during Sunday morning services (D) by the end of the services 28. In medieval markets there was little retail trade because ___________. (A) money was never used in sales (B) producers sold directly to consumers (C) there were no fixed positions for shops (D) authorities were unwilling to make a profit 29. The expression “forestall the market” (Paragraph 3) means “______________”. (A) buy from a stall outside the market place (B) acquire goods in quantity before the market (C) have the best and the first stall in the market (D) sell at a higher price than competitors 30. It can be concluded from the passage that the regulations enforced by craft guilds were often ______________. (A) unfair and unreasonable (B) in the interest of the customers (C) too complicated to comply with (D) disapproved by the local authorities SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes) Directions: translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. If the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) thinks it can largely curtail the nation's terrorism problems by focusing on college students, we all should worry. Identification cards already are required here for most persons to enter their workplace, take an airplane flight or go into a public building,including my campus library.The idea of a national ID, however, was knocked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups,who opposed a requirement that all non- citizens carry identifying documents. In some degree, they have a point. We must face the fact—and benefit from realizing,that no one can drive, or fly, or enter many private and public buildings without a picture ID, usually a driver's license or passport. That means that practically all Americans already must have what in effect is a national ID card. We already routinely screen people. If we would just make good use of the national ID cards we have—and improve them—we could enhance our safety, avoid discrimination and not spend millions on another system. SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 到2007 年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500 美元。这一目标的实现，最 直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞、更舒适了。因为从市民的“衣、食、住、行”消费来讲，住 房是一个重要因素，而且占了大头。届时，上海人均住房面积将会大幅增加。除此之外，老 百姓的服务性消费，如教育、信息、旅游等消费 会大量增长。用一句话来 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 述，那便是未 来老百姓的生活会更好，那时老百姓的生活将和中等发达国家的居民一样。 参考答案 SECTION 1:LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation 1. in the classroom 11. take the time 2. smooth 12. willing to listen 3. a powerful opportunity 13. evaluate 4. denying 14. time and honesty 5. lead to 15. how difficult 6. win- win 16. make compromise 7. how to 17. make compromise 8. state the problem 18. does not work 9. clearly define 19. be ready 10. both of you agree 20. agreed on a solution Part B: Listening Comprehension 1,5 CABCB 6,10 BDDAB 11,15 CDBAD 16,20 DACCB 21,25 CABDA 26,30 DACCD Part C: Listening and Translation I. Sentence Translation 1. 如今，家庭成员往往在晚上、周末或其他闲暇时间观看电视节目，不再读书或闲谈。 2. 现在的年轻人对自己的职业选择没有什么方向。这是因为他们先前没有实际的就业经验。 3. 我们看到亚洲在我们的双边贸易和投资关系方面提供了巨大的增长潜力。我希望这种增长持续下去并且加快速度。 4. 电子商务的出现以及网络经济的快速发展，正在为中国国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇。 5. 在我国，人民的生活水平在改善。如今，300 多万孩子有了健康保险。250 多万个家庭脱离了贫困。 II(Passage Translation Passage 1 我是一名电脑程序员。我的难处是因为我母亲。她现在已经70 多岁，确实需要人顾，因为我父亲在10多年前因车祸死亡。然而她住在乡下，那里没有我可以做的工作，没有待遇好的工作。如果我做些其他工作，或许做秘书或邮局工作人员，那就意味着我们不得不接受工资大幅地下降。所以，我不知道如何才好。 Passage 2 在今的英国，几乎有一半的房屋是居住者私有拥有的。约有三分之一属于本地的管理机构，其余是租借的私房。一间两卧室的公寓一个月的租金一般约300 磅。如果想自己买房，人们可以从银行借贷多达90,的购房款。但大笔贷款可能要20 年至30 年才能还清。 SECTION 2:STUDY SKILLS 1,5 CBDBD 6 ,10 DBDAD 11,15 CCDAB 16,20 ACCCA 21,25 BAACB 26,30 DCBBA SECTION 3:TRANSLATION TEST (1) 如果移民归化局认为，它能够通过对大学生进行重点管理，大幅度地减少在美国的恐怖 主义活动，我们大家都应 为此担心。 在美国，现在大多数人进入工作场所、乘飞机或进入公共大楼，包括我所在大学的图书 馆，已经需要出示身份证。然而，倡导民权的团体和少数民族团体反对一切非美国公民必须 随身携带身份证的规定，他们结成联盟，推翻了立法的最初几稿中关于实施全国统一身份证 的主张。在某种程度上，他们是有道理的。 我们必须面对这一事实，并因认识到这一事实而获益，即每一个人驾车、乘飞机、或进 入许多私人大楼或公共大楼，都必须出示有照片的身份证，通常是驾驶执照或护照。这意味 着，实际上所有美国人早就必须持有事实上全国通用的身份证。 对人们进行甄别，在我们这儿早就是例行公事。只要好好使用大家已持有的全国通用身 份证，并加以改进，就可以增强安全，避免歧视，而不必在另一个系统花上数百万美元。 SECTION 4:TRANSLATION TEST (2) The per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US $7500 by 2007.The common people should benefit most directly from the attainment of this goal.They will live more comfortably in bigger space. Among the basic necessities of life food, clothing,shelter and transportation housing is an important element, accounting for a big portion in the money they spend. In 2007, the average per capita living space in Shanghai will increase by a big margin. In addition,the common people's spending on such services as education, information and traveling will grow substantially. To put it in a nutshell, in the future the common people will live a better life,a life of the same standard as enjoyed by those in the middle- ranking developed countries. 听力测试题录音文字稿: SECTION 1:LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Now let's begin Part A with Spot Dictation. (Woman) As long as we are in a relationship, there is the potential for lasting happiness as well as for serious conflict. This applies at work, in the classroom, and at home. The simple fact is that relationships are not always smooth sailing.Conflict can lead to anger,hostility,and further conflicts.On the other hand,it can be used as a powerful opportunity for solving problems. For example, you can handle conflict by denying that the problem exists, smoothing it over, or trying to overpower the other person. These, of course, will lead to win or lose situations. But when you resolve conflict through collaboration and compromise, you can achieve win- win situations. In today's lecture, I shall outline a few steps on how to transform a conflict into a solution in which both parties win. First, state the problem. Explain the problem to the other party. You should clearly define the conflict, it's hard to fix something before both of you agree on what is broken. Second, understand all points of view. Ste aside your own opinions for a moment and take the time to understand the other points of view. When people feel that they have been heard, they're often more willing to listen. Third, brainstorm solutions. Dream up as many solutions as you can and evaluate them one by one. This step will require time and honesty. Talk about which solutions will work and how difficult they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be acceptable by both parties, so you should be prepared to make compromise. Later, you will need to review the effectiveness of the accepted solution. If it does not work, be open to making changes or be ready to bring about a new solution. Finally, implement.When you both have agreed on a solution, decide who is going to do what by when. They keep your agreements. Relationships change for better or for worse.But if you are honest,patient and quite flexible in seeking a resolution for the conflict, your painstaking efforts will certainly pay off. Part B: Listening Comprehension I. Statements Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE. And you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Question No.1. (Man) I'm afraid Mr. Baker, our board director, had decided last night not to attend this morning's committee meeting. Question No.2. (Woman) A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back that are really due to stress and tension in their work. Question No.3. (Man) For this machine, we also offer two year's guarantee and free monthly cleaning and oiling for this machine. Question No.4. (Woman) High school graduates should by all means go on to college. But they should first of all think about what they want to get, or need to get, out of a college education. Question No.5. (Woman) All the board members except the Chairman voted for my proposal to set up a branch office in the suburbs instead of the downtown area. Question No.6. (Woman) Just between you and me, Mary is shortlisted and has made an appointment to see that personnel manager next Tuesday. Question No.7. (Man) The building of the proposed down- town supermarket was completed sixty days ahead of the schedule. Question No.8. (Man) As an assistant manager,her attendance record was perfect except for once when she was down with a severe cold. Question No.9. (Woman) Had he realized the possible consequences, he wouldn t have made the suggestion at the committee meeting last week. Question No.10. (Woman) The Gardening Expo was supposed to open tomorrow, but will be delayed until Friday, due to the bad weather conditions. II. Talks and Conversations Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions.Listen carefully,because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE.When you hear a question,read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following conversation. (Woman) (Nervously) Good afternoon, Mr. Tigers. Did you have a good lunch? (Man) Yes, thank you, Miss Bradley. It was very good. Did anyone phone while I was out? (Woman) No, Nobody phoned, but … er …Mr. Powell came. (Man) What? But he s the man I told you about! (Woman) Yes, I know, He came in for something urgent. He said he wanted to see you right away, but … (Man) Well, then, why didn t you phone me? We all know that Mr. Powell has some very important information. I wanted to talk to him as soon as possible. I told you all that before I left. Didn't you understand me? (Woman) Yes, of course, I understood you, Mr. Tigers, but … (Man) I even gave you a card with the name and phone number of the restaurant! I put it on your desk. (Woman) But that sjust it!You didn't give me the card. You didn't put it on my desk! (Man) What do you mean? Of course I did. I took the card out of my wallet just before I went to lunch! Look! It isn't in my wallet now! (suddenly) OH! (Woman) Mr. Tigers, what s that card on the floor? It fell out of your wallet a second ago. (Man) That card? It's … er … it's the card I thought I gave you. (Woman) You see! You forgot to give me the card! That's why I didn't phone. I didn't know where you were having your lunch. (Man) No,of course you didn't.I'm very sorry,Miss Bradley.It wasn't your fault.I apologize. (Woman) That s all right. Please forget it. Question No.11. What happened during the man's lunch time? Question No.12. Why is the man angry with the woman? Question No.13. What did the man think he had given to the woman? Question No.14. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation? Questions 15 to 18 are based on the following talk. (Woman) In the United Kingdom, the Open University has already been the symbol and pride of further education in Britain.Its history can trace as far as the early 60's of the last century. In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech explaining plans for a “university of the air”.I was an educational system which would make use of television, radio and correspondence courses. At first many people thought that the plan was unrealistic and they laughed at the idea. However, it was to become part of the Labour Party s programme, that is, to give educational opportunity to those people who,for one reason or another,had not had a chance to receive further education.By August 1970 the Open University, as it is now called, had received 40,000 applications.But only 25,000 could be accepted for the first four„foundation?courses offered that year. And the University had to add a fifth course to cater for the increasing number and demand of candidates. In January 1971, the first teaching programmes appeared on the air and screen, with clerks, farm workers, housewives, teachers, policemen and many others as students. The Open University offered carefully- prepared correspondence units to its students and gave additional necessary equipment for a “mini”home laboratory to its science students. A number of study centers have been set up all over the country so that students can attend lectures once a week. Once a year the students are invited to spend a week or so at one of the university's summer schools. Although some critics complain of the cost the availability of the subj ects and the lack method of spreading further education in Britain. Question No.15. According to the talk, at what time were the first Open University programmes put on the air? Question No.16. Which of the following are NOT given by the Open University? Question No.17. What is one of the advantages of the Open University? Question No.18. For what purpose were the study centers set up? Questions 19 to 22 are based on the following conversation. (Man) What did you say you were going to take up as a career? (Woman) Law. Actually, I ve already started. I began my studies at the Bartlett Law School of the Festoon University last October. (Man) What are you going to do when you finish? (Woman) Oh, I shall go back home and practice there. I may start with some clerical work, but eventually I'm going to set up my own law office. There's a great deal of scope for law years or solicitors in my country and a lot of useful work to be done there people get married and then divorced, people begin to buy their own houses, people feel mistreated by the community or the authority. They need law years, do they? (Man) What made you decide to take up law as a career? (Woman) Well, I was good at making a speech at school and I think I had a certain feeling for communication and persuasion. My teachers encouraged me and said I had a bent for law or the like. I suppose my personal qualities made me choose law, and not art or architecture, for instance. Of course, in my country lawyers are respected and well paid. And they are in great demand. (Man) But, will you find it difficult to become recognized in your own country? (Woman) To a certain extent, yes.But I expect that a woman lawyer alxo9 has some advantages in the court.Especially for some kinds of cases,for example,if my client is a woman who claims certain rights from her divorced husband, a woman lawyer can understand better and do a better job. (Man) But why have you chosen America for your studies, why not some other country? (Woman) Ah well, there are lots of reasons. But I'm not sorry because you've got some of the best law schools in the world. Question No. 19. What is the woman? Question No. 20. For what reason does the woman choose law as her career? Question No. 21. According to the woman, what advantage does a woman lawyer have in the court? Question No. 22. Why does the woman go to an American university for her studies? Questions 23 to 26 are based on the following talk. (Man) Good morning.I've been interested to read your last week's composition assignments on the Englishman's obsession with the weather,which is a characteristic noted with amusement and surprise by so many of our visitors from abroad. It's true that talking about the weather is a staple topic of conversation in this country, but as a native speaker and an expert on socio-linguistics,I an of the opinion that the reasons for this practice are not only climatic but also social. Greeting people with expressions such as “Lovely day, isn t it?” or “What terrible weather we re having, aren t we?” is our way of being friendly or starting a conversation. It may have very little to do with the state of the weather as such when the conversation starts. As a matter of fact, we expect the other person to say “Yes, it is.” or “Yes, we are.” in the same way that we expect a person to say“Hullo!”when we say“Hullo!” to greet him or her.However,this distinctive social convention can be very puzzling to foreigners. Of course,this way of making conversation is closely related to the variability of the weather in this country. There must be few places in the world where the weather changes quite so much from day to day. If you drive a car on one of our motorways, you may find yourself in the sunshine, mist, rain, snow or even storms within the same day. No wonder we take a daily interest in it! But I do think we are much too fond of running down our own climate, which is not half as had as some people make out. Our obsession is not so much with talking about the weather as with speaking ill of it. It may as well be talking for talking s sake. Question No.23. According to the talk, what is a typical Englishman obsessed with? Question No.24. To whom is the man addressing his speech? Question No.25. Why does the Englishman say, “Lovely day, isn t it?” Question No.26. Which of the following can be concluded from the talk? Questions 27 to 30 are based on the following conversation. (Man) Mrs. Brown, I understand that you are very concerned about the housing situation in this country. (Woman) Indeed I am. The government itself admits that there are more than two million houses which ought to be pulled down at once. It also admits that there are another two and half million in such a shocking state that it would be a waste of money to repair them. (Man) What do you mean by “shocking state”? (Woman) I mean houses that are in such a bad condition that they are permanently damp, or houses where you ll find as four families sharing one tap and one toilet. (Man) What you are saying, in effect, Mrs. Brown, is that the housing in this country isn't worthy of a welfare state! (Woman) Exactly! According to government figures there are about 20,000 homeless people in this country, but thousands more living in such terrible conditions that they ought to be classed as homeless. The figures can be as high as over 200,000. it isn't that these people can't afford a reasonable rent. Therejust aren't enough houses. (Man) Whom do you blame? (Woman) The government, for not providing enough money, and the district councils for not spending properly what there is. (Man) What about the local housing committees? Many of them have been doing wonderful work during the past decade. (Woman) I agree, but that doesn't excuse the local councils that are inefficient and don't take enough interest. Don't you think it is shocking that in our modern civilization there are still families who have nowhere to live? Do you think it's right that whole families should have to sleep in the ruins of empty buildings or under bridges or in railway station waiting- rooms? (Man) But Surely there are excellent hostels where they can go. (Woman) In some cities and towns,perhaps,but things are very different in many of our midland and northern industrial cities,and in parts of the Metropolis. Even where there are;oases, some of the state- run homes for the homeless are less comfortable than prisons. In any case, my point is that we shouldn't need so many hostels for homeless families because there shouldn't be any homeless families! (Man) Mrs. Brown, I think many people would say that you are exaggerating and drawing attention to the worst housing conditions instead of looking at the situation as a whole. Would you agree that you belong to a “pressure group” which is trying to bring pressure on the government to do something about the housing problem? (Woman) If that s what belonging to a pressure group means, the answer is “yes”! But I'm not exaggerating. Housing is the most serious problem of our welfare state. If it weren't, would we hear so much about that excellent charity organization, Shelter, which does such wonderful work in finding homes for the homeless? Question No.27. According to the government figures, how many people are homeless? Question No.28. Whom does the woman blame for the “shocking” housing situation? Question No.29. According to the woman, why are there so many homeless families? Question No.30. What is “Shelter”, as is mentioned at the end of the conversation? Part C: Listening and Translation I. Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test,you will hear 5 English sentences.You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let s begin Part C with Sentence Translation. Sentence No.1. Nowadays,instead of reading or talking,family members often spend their evenings, weekends or other leisure times watching programmes on television. Sentence No.2. Young people today have few guidelines on which to base their choice of career. This is because they have no previous practical experience of employment. Sentence No.3. We have seen Asia offer an enormous potential for growth in our bilateral trade and investment relations. I want this growth to continue and accelerate. Sentence No.4. The emergence of e- commerce and the fast- growing Internet economy are providing new growth opportunities in China s foreign and domestic trade. Sentence No.5. In our country, people's living conditions are improving. More than 3 million children have health insurance now,and more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty. II. Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. Now, let s begin Passage Translation with the first passage. Passage 1 (Woman) I am a computer programmer. My problem is with my mother. She is now well over 70 and she really needs help,as my father died of a car accident more than ten years ago. But where she lives,in the countryside, there's no work available for me, no job with a decent pay. If I work there as something else, perhaps as a secretary or a post- office clerk, it means we have to take a drastic drop in salary. So I don't really know what to do. Passage 2 (Man) In Britain today, almost half of the houses are owned by the people who live in them. About one third are owned by the local authorities, and the rest are rented from private owners. A typical rent for a two- bed roomed house is about 300a month. If people want to buy their own house, they can borrow from the banks up to 90 per cent of the cost of that house. But large mortgages may take 20 to 30 years to pay off.