英语中级听力原文

LessonOneSectiononeTaskone‘ThisIsYourLife’isoneofthemostpopularprogrammesonBritishandAmericantelevision.Everyweekafamouspersonisinvitedtoatelevisionstudio,withoutknowingthatheorshewillbethesubjectoftheprogramme.Thecompèremeetsthepersonoutsidethestudioandsays‘Thisisyourlife!’Thepersonthenmeetsfriendsandrelativesfromhisorherpastandpresent.Studio4iswheretheprogrammeisrecorded.Theprogrammebeginsateighto’clock.It’s6:45nowandthedirectorischeckingthepreparationswithhisnewproductionassistant(PA).Thesubjectoftonight’sshowwillbeanactor,JasonDouglas.Thecompère,asusual,willbeTerryDonovan.Director:Let’sjustcheckthearrangements.We’rebringingJasonDouglashereinastudiocar—hethinkshe’scomingtoadiscussionprogramme!Thedriverhasbeentoldtoarriveatexactly7:55.Now,theprogrammebeginsateighto’clock.AtthattimeJasonwillbewalkingtothestudio.TerryDonovanwillstarthisintroductionat8:01,andJasonwillarriveat8:02.Terrywillmeethimatthestudioentrance...Camera4willbethere.Thenhe’lltakehimtothatseat.It’llbeonCamera3.Jasonwillbesittingthereduringthewholeprogramme.FormostoftheshowTerrywillbestandinginthemiddle,andhe’llbeonCamera2.Theguestswillcomethroughthatdoor,talktoTerryandJason...andthensitoverthere.Director:Now,isthatallclear?PA:Yes...there’sjustonething.Director:Well,whatisit?PA:Who’sgoingtolookaftertheguestsduringtheshow?Director:Paulineis.PA:Andwherewilltheybewaitingduringtheshow?Director:InRoom401,asusual.Paulinewillbewaitingwiththem,andshe’llbewatchingtheshowonthemonitor.She’lltellthemtwominutesbeforetheyenter.PA:Ithinkthat’severything.Terry:Goodeveningandwelcometo‘ThisisYourLife’.ThisisTerryDonovanspeaking.We’rewaitingforthesubjectoftonight’sprogramme.He’soneoftheworld’sleadingactors,andhethinkshe’scomingheretotakepartinadiscussionprogramme...Icanhearhimnow...yes,hereheis!JasonDouglas...Thisisyourlife!Jason:Oh,no...Idon’tbelieveit!Notme...Terry:Yes,you!Nowcomeoverhereandsitdown.Jason,youwerebornatnumber28BalaclavaStreetinEastHam,LondononJuly2nd,1947.Youwereoneofsixchildren,andyourfatherwasataxidriver.Ofcourse,yournamewasthenGrahamSmith.Terry:Now,doyouknowthisvoice?‘IrememberJasonwhenhewastwo.Heusedtoscreamandshoutallday.’Jason:Susan!Terry:Yes...allthewayfromSydney,Australia...Sheflewherespeciallyforthisprogramme.It’syoursister,SusanFraser!Jason:Susan...Whydidn’tyoutellme...oh,thisiswonderful!Terry:Yes,youhaven’tseeneachotherfor13years...takeaseatnexttohim,Susan.Youstartedschoolattheageoffive,in1952,andin1958youmovedtoLaneEndSecondarySchool.Terry:Doyourememberthisvoice?‘Smith!Stoplookingoutofthewindow!’Jason:Oh,no!It’sMr.Hooper!Terry:YourEnglishteacher,Mr.StanleyHooper.WasJasonagoodstudent,Mr.Hooper?Mr.Hooper:Eh?No,hewastheworstintheclass...buthewasabrilliantactor,eveninthosedays.Hecouldimitatealltheteachers?Terry:Thankyou,Mr.Hooper.YoucanspeaktoJason,later.Well,youwenttotheLondonSchoolofDramain1966,andleftin1969.In1973youwenttoHollywood.Terry:Doyouknowthisvoice?‘HiJason...Canyourideahorseyet?’Jason:Maria!Terry:MariaMontrose...who’scomefromHollywoodtobewithyoutonight.Maria:Hello,Jason...it’sgreattobehere.Hello,Terry.JasonandIwereinamovietogetherin1974.Jasonhadtolearntorideahorse...Well,Jasondoesn’tlikehorsesverymuch.Jason:Likethem!I’mterrifiedofthem!Maria:Anyway,hepractisedfortwoweeks.Thenhewenttothedirector...itwasCharlesOrson...andsaid,‘Whatdoyouwantmetodo?’Charlessaid,‘Iwantyoutofalloffthehorse’.Jasonwasfurious.Hesaid,‘What?Falloff!I’vebeenpractisingfortwoweeks...Icouldfalloffthefirstday...withoutanypractice!’Interviewer:Goodmorning,sir.I’mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderifyou’dmindansweringafewquestionsforoursurveytoday.David:Uh...sure,whynot?Interviewer:What’syourname?David:Uh,mynameisDavidGeorge.Interviewer:David,whatdoyoudoforaliving?David:I’maprofessionalbaseballplayer.Interviewer:Really?David:Mm-hmm.Interviewer:That’sterrific.Whatdoyoudoforfun?David:Well,Iliketoreadtheclassics—youknow,Dickens,Shakespeare,...uh...bookslikethat.Interviewer:Fabulous.Andwhat’sthemostexcitingthingthat’shappenedtoyourecently?David:JustcallmeDad.MywifeandI...uh...hadourfirstbaby.Interviewer:Oh,(Yeah.Alittlegirl.)that’swonderful.David:Mm-hmm.Interviewer:Whodoyouadmiremostinthisworld?David:Well,Iadmiremywife...uh...she’sterrific.She’sgoingtobeagreatmother,greatmother.Interviewer:Terrific.Whatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?David:Well,...uh...fiveyearsfromnowI’dliketobeafatheroffive.I’dliketohavelotsofkidsaroundthehouse.Interviewer:That’sfabulous.David:Yeah.Interviewer:Thanksverymuchfortalkingtous,David.David:Well,thankyou.Interviewer:Goodmorning.I’mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderedifyou’dmindansweringafewquestionstodayforoursurvey.Suzanne:Notatall.Interviewer:What’syourname?Suzanne:SuzanneBrown.Interviewer:Suzanne,whatdoyoudoforaliving?Suzanne:I’malawyer.Interviewer:Alawyer?Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?Suzanne:Iliketorun.Interviewer:Uh-huh.Running,like—Suzanne:Jogging.Interviewer:Jogging.Andwhat’sthemostexcitingthingthat’shappenedtoyourecently?Suzanne:IgottorunintheBostonMarathon.Interviewer:Congratulations.Andwhodoyouadmiremostintheworld?Suzanne:Oh,well,I’dhavetosayMartinLutherKing,Jr.Interviewer:Mmm,yes.Andwhatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromtoday?Suzanne:Well,dareIsaywintheBostonMarathon?Interviewer:Wonderful.Thanksalotfortalkingtoustoday,Suzanne.Suzanne:You’rewelcome.Interviewer:Goodmorning,sir.I’mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderifyoucouldanswerafewquestionsforoursurveythismorning.Adolfo:Oh,yes,yes.Interviewer:What’syourname?Adolfo:MynameisAdolfoVasquez.Interviewer:Adolfo,whatdoyoudoforaliving?Adolfo:I’madancer.Interviewer:Adancer.Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?Adolfo:Iwatch...uh...musicalmovies.Interviewer:Musicalmovies.Andwhat’sthemostexcitingthingthat’shappenedtoyourecently?Adolfo:Oh,aboutsixyearsagoImovedtoUnitedStates,(Uh-huh.)andthat’squiteexcitingforme.Interviewer:Yes,thatisveryexciting.Whatdoyou—whodoyouadmiremostintheworld?Adolfo:Iadmirealot...um...SophiaLoren,themovieactress.Interviewer:Iunderstandcompletely.(Mm-hmm.)Whatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?Adolfo:IlikeverymuchwhatI’mdoingrightnow,soIreallywouldliketokeepdoingit.Interviewer:Verygood.(Mm-hmm.)Thanksforspeakingtoustoday,Adolfo.Adolfo:Okay.You’rewelcome.Interviewer:Goodmorning,Miss.I’mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderifyoucouldanswerafewquestionsforoursurvey.Linda:Sure.Interviewer:What’syourname?Linda:LindaMontgomery.Interviewer:Linda,whatdoyoudoforaliving?Linda:Uh,well,rightnowI’mgoingtobeautyschool.Interviewer:Beautyschool?Linda:Yeah.Interviewer:Uh-huh.Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?Linda:Oh,whatforfun,Ihangoutwithmyfriends—youknow,goforpizza,stufflikethat.Interviewer:Iunderstand.What’sthemostexcitingthingthat’shappenedtoyourecently?Linda:Oh,thiswassogreat!(Yeah?)FourofmyfriendsandI,wewenttoaBruceSpringsteenconcert.Weactually—wegottickets.Interviewer:Wonderful.Linda:Itwasthebest.Interviewer:Whodoyouadmiremostintheworld?Linda:WhodoIadmi—Iguess(Mm-hmm.)mydad,(Uh-huh.)probablymydad.Yeah.Interviewer:Andwhatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?Linda:IwouldloveitifIcouldhavemyownbeautysalon.Interviewer:Uh-huh.Linda:Thatwouldbegreat.Interviewer:Thanksverymuchfortalkingtoustoday.Linda:Okay.Announcer:Andnow,at10:50it’stimefor"InYourOwnWords",inwhichweinterviewpeoplewithunusualstoriestotell.HeretointroducetheprogrammeisPatriciaNewell.Goodmorning,Patricia.Patricia:Goodmorning,andgoodmorningeveryone.Withmeinthestudionowisthismorning’sguest,TrevorCartridge.Goodmorning,Trevor.Trevor:Goodmorning,Patricia.Patricia:Trevor,youhaveoneofthemostunusualstoriesI’veeverheard.Yet,nowadays,youseemtoleadaveryordinarylife.Trevor:Yes,Patricia.I’madentist.IliveandworkinLondon.Patricia:Butatonetimeyouusedtohaveadifferentjob?Trevor:Yes,Iwasasoldier.Patricia:Asoldier?Trevor:That’sright.Patricia:Andhowlongagowasthat?Trevor:Oh,abouttwothousandyearsago.Patricia:That’sright.TrevorCartridgebelievesthathewasasoldierinthearmyofJuliusCaesar.HerememberscomingtoBritainwiththeRomanarmytwothousandyearsago.Trevor,tellusyourremarkablestory...inyourownwords!Trevor:Well,funnilyenough,itallbeganbecauseIwantedtogiveupsmoking.Patricia:Giveupsmoking!Trevor:Mm,IusedtosmoketoomuchandItriedtogiveupseveraltimes,butIalwaysstartedsmokingagainafewdayslater.IntheendIwenttoahypnotist.Hehypnotizedme,andIstoppedsmokingatonce.Iwasdelighted,asyoucanimagine.Patricia:Yes?Trevor:Thatmademeveryinterestedinhypnotism,andItalkedtothehypnotistaboutit.Hetoldmethatsomepeoplecouldremembertheirpastliveswhentheywerehypnotized,andheaskedifIwantedtotry.Ididn’tbelieveitatfirst,butintheendIagreed.Hehypnotizedme,andsureenough,Iremembered.IwasaRomansoldierinCaesar’sarmy.Patricia:Youdidn’tbelieveitatfirst?Trevor:Ididn’tbelieveitbeforewetriedtheexperiment.NowI’mabsolutelyconvincedit’strue.Patricia:Whatdoyouremember?Trevor:Oh,allkindsofthings,butthemostinterestingthingIrememberisthenightwelandedinBritain.Patricia:Yourememberthat?Trevor:Ohyes.Itwasaterrible,stormynight.Therewereahundredormoreofusintheboat.Wewereallshutin,becausetheweatherwassobadandmostpeopleweresick,becauseitwasverystuffy.Therewasaterriblesmellofpetrol,Iremember.LotsofmenthoughtweshouldgobacktoFrance.Itwasn’tcalled‘France’then,ofcourse.Patricia:Andtherewasasmellofpetrol?Trevor:Yes,itwasterrible.Theweathergotworseandworse.Wethoughtweweregoingtodie.Intheendtheboatwaspushedupontothesands,andweclimbedout.Irememberjumpingintothewaterandstrugglingtothebeach.Thewaterwasuptomyshouldersanditwasafreezingnight.Alotofmenwerekilledbythecoldordrownedinthestorm,butImanagedtogetashore.Patricia:Youdid?Trevor:Yes.Therewereabouttensurvivorsfromourboat,buteventhenourtroublesweren’tover.Wefoundafarmhouse,butitwasdeserted.Whenthepeoplereadthenewspapers,andknewthatwewerecoming,theywereterrified.Theytookalltheiranimalsandalltheirfood,andranawayintothehills.Ofcourse,therewerenoproperroadsinthosedays.Well,wewentintothehouseandtriedtolightafire,butwecouldn’tevendothat.Wealwayskeptmatchesinourtrousers’pockets,sonaturallytheywereallsoaked.Wecouldn’tfindanythingtoeat,exceptonetinofcatfood.Weweresohungry,webrokeitopenwithourknives,andateit.Wefoundatap,butthewaterwasfrozen.Intheendwedrankrainwaterfromthetin.Wesatveryclosetogetherandtriedtokeepwarm.Wecouldhearwolvesbutwedidn’thaveanyweapons,becauseourgunswerefullofseawater.Bythemorning,thestormwasover.Wewentontothebeachandfoundwhatwasleftoftheboat.Wemanagedtofindsomefood,andwehopedtherewassomewinetoo,butwhenweopenedtheboxallthebottleswerebroken.Patricia:Sowhathappened?Trevor:Wewaited.Finallyanotherboatcameandtookusaway,andwejoinedtheothersoldiers.Iremembergoingintothecamp,andgettingahotmeal,andcleanclothes.Itwaswonderful.Weweregivenourpay,too.Irememberthedateonthecoins,50BC.Itwasanexcitingtime.Patricia:AnddidyoustayinBritain?Trevor:Ohyes,Iwashereforfiveyears,from50BCto55BC.IenjoyedmystayinBritainverymuch.Patricia:AndthenyouwentbacktoRome?Trevor:Ican’trememberanythingafterthat.Patricia:Well,TrevorCartridge,thankyoufortellingusyourstory,inyourownwords.(1)Bob,doyouthinkyoucouldpossiblyturnoffthatradio?I’m(pause)tryingtowritealetter.(2)A:Idon’twantadoubleroom.Iwantasingleroom.B:I’msorry,sir,butI’mafraid43(pause)istheonlysingleroomavailableatthemoment.(3)A:JustlookwhatI’vegot.B:Letmesee.Fiftypounds!(pause)Whereonearthdidyougetit?(4)A:OhbothertheSexDiscriminationAct.Surelytheycan’tforcemetotakeonamarriedwoman.B:Theycan’tforceyouto,Mr.Clark,but(pause)youmustn’tdiscriminateagainstsomeonejustbecausethey’remarried.(5)A:I’mgladI’mnotaprincess.Itmustbeadreadfullife.B:Dreadful?(pause)Iwouldn’tmindbeingaprince.(6)I’mareasonablyhard-workingperson.But(pause)I’mnotaworkaholic.(7)A:Hadyourbrotherbeennervousaboutithimself?B:Well,hedidn’tsay,butpossibly(pause)hehadbeen.TheKnowledgeBecomingaLondontaxidriverisn’teasy.InordertoobtainalicencetodriveataxiinLondon,candidateshavetopassadetailedexamination.Theyhavetolearnnotonlythestreets,landmarksandhotels,butalsothequickestwaytogetthere.Thisiscalled‘TheKnowledge’byLondoncabdriversanditcantakeyearsofstudyandpracticetoget‘TheKnowledge’.Candidatesareexaminednotonlyonthequickestroutesbutalsoonthequickestroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.PeoplewhowanttopasstheexaminationspendmuchoftheirfreetimedrivingorevencyclingaroundLondon,studyingmapsandlearningthehugestreetdirectorybyheart.TheUndergroundTravellingontheLondonunderground(the‘tube’)presentsfewdifficultiesforvisitorsbecauseoftheclearcolour-codedmaps.Itisalwaysusefultohaveplentyofsparechangewithyoubecausethereareoftenlongqueuesatthelargerstations.Ifyouhaveenoughchangeyoucanbuyyourticketfromamachine.Youwillfindsignswhichlistthestationsinalphabeticalorder,withthecorrectfares,nearthemachines.Thereareautomaticbarrierswhichareoperatedbythetickets.Youshouldkeeptheticket,becauseitischeckedatthedestination.LessonTwoInterviewer:Isfilmeditingacomplicatedjob?FilmEditor:Ohyes,alotofpeopleprobablydon’tknowhowcomplicatedajobitcanbe.It’sfarmorethanjuststickingpiecesoffilmtogether.Interviewer:Howlongdoesittaketoeditafilm?FilmEditor:Well,itdepends.Youcanprobablyexpecttoedita10-minutefilminaboutaweek.A35-minutedocumentary,liketheoneI’meditingatpresent,takesaminimumoffourtofiveweekstoedit.Interviewer:Canyouexplaintomehowfilmeditingworks?FilmEditor:Therearedifferentsteps.‘Synchingup’,forexample.Interviewer:Whatdoyoumeanbysynchingup?FilmEditor:Itmeansmatchingsoundandpicturesandthatisusuallydonebymyassistant.Thefilmandthesoundtapehavenumbersstampedalongtheedgewhichhavetobematched.Thedetailsofthefilmandthesoundarealsorecordedinalogbook,soit’squickandeasytofindaparticulartakeanditssoundtrack.Thisoperationiscalledloggingandisagaindonebymyassistant.Interviewer:Sowhatdoyouusuallydoyourself?FilmEditor:Alotofthings,ofcourse.First,Ihavetoviewallthematerialtomakeafirstselectionofthebesttakes.There’salotoffilmtolookthroughbecausetomakeasequenceworkthewayyouwant,youneedalotofshotstochoosefrom.Interviewer:Doesthatmeanthatyouhavetodiscardsequences?FilmEditor:Ohyes.Onaverageforeveryfootofeditedfilm,youneedtwelvetimesasmuchuneditedfilmandthereforeyouhavetocompromiseand,ofcourse,discardsomeofit.Interviewer:Whatdoyoudoafterselectingthematerial?FilmEditor:Firstofall,Iprepareaninitialversionofthefilm,a‘roughcut’asitiscalled.ThatmeansthatIactuallycutthefilmintopiecesandstickthemtogetheragainintheneworder.Interviewer:Andafterthis‘roughcut’whathappens?FilmEditor:Well,afterthe‘roughcut’comesthe‘finecut’whenthefilmtakesitsfinalform.Theproducerandthedirectorcomeinforaviewing.Somesmallchangesmaythenbenecessary,butwhenthe‘finecut’hasbeenapprovedbyeveryone,thisisthefinalversionofthefilm.Interviewer:Atthispointisthefilmreadyfordistribution?FilmEditor:Ohno.Afterthefinalversionofthefilmhasbeenapproved,thereisthedubbing,therearevoices,music,backgroundnoisesandsometimesspecialeffectstobeputtogetherforthesoundtrack.Andafterthedubbing,theeditedfilmissenttothe‘neg’cutters.Interviewer:Whatdothe‘neg’cuttersdo?FilmEditor:Theycuttheoriginalnegativesonthefilms,sothatthesematchtheeditedfilmexactly.Andafterallthatcomesthebestpart—Icansitdownquietlywithmyfeetupandenjoywatchingthefilm!Man:Hi.Woman:Hi.Man:What’dyoudolastnight?Woman:IwatchedTV.TherewasareallygoodmoviecalledSoylentGreen.Man:SoylentGreen?Woman:Yeah.CharltonHestonwasinit.Man:What’sitabout?Woman:Oh,it’saboutlifeinNewYorkintheyear2022.Man:IwonderifNewYorkwillstillbeherein2022.Woman:Inthismovie,in2022...Man:Yeah?Woman:...NewYorkhasfortymillionpeople.Man:Ouch!Woman:Andtwentymillionofthemareunemployed.Man:HowmanypeopleliveinNewYorknow?Aboutsevenoreightmillion?Woman:Yeah,Ithinkthat’sright.Man:Mm-hmm.Youknow,ifit’shardenoughtofindanapartmentnowinNewYorkCity,what’sitgoingtobelikein2022?Woman:Well,inthismoviemostpeoplehavenoapartment.Sothousandssleeponthestepsofbuildings.(Uh-huh.)Peoplewhodohaveaplacetolivehavetocrawloversleepingpeopletogetinside.Andthereareshortagesofeverything.Thesoilissopollutedthatnothingwillgrow.(Ooo.)Andtheairissopollutedtheyneverseethesun.It’sreallyawful.Man:IthinkI’mgoingtoavoidgoingtoNewYorkCityintheyear2022.Woman:Andtherewasthisscenewherethestar,CharltonHeston,goesintoahousewheresomeveryrichpeoplelive.Man:Uh-huh.Woman:Hecan’tbelieveit,becausetheyhaverunningwaterandtheyhavesoap.Man:Really?Woman:Andthenhegoesintothekitchenandtheyhavetomatoesandlettuceandbeef.Healmostcriesbecausehe’sneverseenrealfoodinhislife,youknow,especiallythebeef.Itwasamazingforhim.Man:Well,ifmostpeoplehavenorealfood,whatdotheyeat?Woman:Theyeatsomethingcalledsoylent.Man:Soylent?Woman:Yeah.There’ssoylentredandsoylentyellowandsoylentgreen.Thefirsttwoaremadeoutofsoybeans.Butthesoylentgreenismadeoutofoceanplants.(Ugh.)Thepeopleeatitlikecrackers.That’salltheyhavetoeat.Man:Thatsoundsdisgusting.Woman:Well,youknow,itreallyisn’tthatfarfromreality.Man:No?Woman:Yeah.Because,youknowthegreenhouseeffectthat’sbeginningnowandheatinguptheearth...Man:Oh,yeah,I’veheardaboutthat.Woman:...becausewe’reputtingthepollutantsintheatmosphere,youknow?Man:Mm-hmm.Woman:Imean,inthismovieNewYorkhasninetydegreesweatherallyearlong.Anditcouldreallyhappen.Uh...likenow,we...wehavefuelshortages.Andinthemoviethere’ssolittleelectricitythatpeoplehavetoridebicyclestomakeit.Man:Youknowsomething?Idon’tthinkthatmovieisatruepredictionofthefuture.Woman:Idon’tknow.Itscaresme.Ithinkitmightbe.Man:Really?Woman:Well,yeah.ThenativeAmericans,thepeoplewecall‘Indiansthe’,hadbeeninAmericaformanythousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbusarrivedin1492.ColumbusthoughthehadarrivedinIndia,sohecalledthenative‘Indianspeople’.TheIndianswerekindtotheearlysettlers.Theywerenotafraidofthemandtheywantedtohelpthem.Theyshowedthesettlersthenewworldaroundthem;theytaughtthemaboutthelocalcropslikesweetpotatoes,cornandpeanuts;theyintroducedtheEuropeanstochocolateandtotheturkey;andtheEuropeansdidbusinesswiththeIndians.Butsoonthesettlerswantedbiggerfarmsandmorelandforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.MoreandmoreimmigrantswerecomingfromEuropeandallthesepeopleneededland.SotheEuropeansstartedtotakethelandfromtheIndians.TheIndianshadtomovebackintothecentreofthecontinentbecausethesettlersweretakingalltheirland.TheIndianscouldn’tunderstandthis.TheyhadaverydifferentideaoflandfromtheEuropeans.FortheIndians,theland,theearth,wastheirmother.Everythingcamefromtheirmother,theland,andeverythingwentbacktoit.Thelandwasforeveryoneanditwasimpossibleforonemantoownit.HowcouldtheWhiteMandividetheearthintoparts?Howcouldheputfencesroundit,buyitandsellit?Naturally,whentheWhiteManstartedtakingalltheIndians’land,theIndiansstartedfightingback.Theywantedtokeeptheirland,theywantedtostoptheWhiteMantakingitallforhimself.ButtheWhiteManwasstrongerandcleverer.SlowlyhepushedtheIndiansintothosepartsofthecontinentthat’twanthe—didnthepartswhereitwastoocoldortoodryortoomountainoustolivecomfortably.By1875theIndianshadlostthefight:theywerelivinginspecialplacescalled‘reservations’.ButevenheretheWhiteMantooklandfrom—themperhapshewantedthewood,orperhapsthelandhadimportantmineralsinit,orheevenwantedtomakenationalparksthere.SoevenontheirreservationstheIndianswerenotsafefromtheWhiteMan.TherearemanyHollywoodfilmsaboutthefightbetweentheIndiansandtheWhiteMan.UsuallyinthesefilmstheIndiansarebadandtheWhiteManisgoodandbrave.Butwasitreallylikethat?Whatdoyouthink?DoyouthinktheIndianswererightorwrongtofighttheWhiteMan?Interviewer:Today,therearemorethan15millionpeoplelivinginAustralia.Only160,000oftheseareAborigines,sowherehavetherestcomefrom?Well,until1850mostofthesettlerscamefromBritainandIrelandand,asweknow,manyofthesewereconvicts.Thenin1851somethinghappenedwhichchangedeverything.GoldwasdiscoveredinsoutheasternAustralia.Duringthenexttenyears,nearly700,000peoplewenttoAustraliatofindgoldandbecomerich.ManyofthemwereChinese.ChinaisquiteneartoAustralia.SincethenmanydifferentgroupsofimmigrantshavegonetoAustraliaformanydifferentreasons.TodayI’mgoingtotalktoMariowhosefamilycamefromItalyandtoHelenafromGreece.Mario,whendidthefirstItaliansarriveinAustralia?Mario:ThefirstItalianswentthere,liketheChinese,inthegold-rushes,hopingtofindgoldandbecomerich.Butmanyalsowentthereforpoliticalreasons.Duringthe1850sand1860sdifferentstatesinItalywerefightingforindependenceandsomeItalianswereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandsbecausetheywereindangerofbeingputinprisonforpoliticalreasons.Interviewer:IbelievetherearealotofItaliansinthesugarindustry.Mario:Yes,that’sright.In1891thefirstgroupof300ItalianswenttoworkinthesugarcanefieldsofnorthernAustr