大学四级试题

大学四级-668(总分693,考试时间90分钟)PartⅠWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledThePopularityofSelf-DriveTourism.Youshouldwriteatleast120words.followingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.1．随着私家车越来越多，人们开始选择自驾游的方式外出旅行2．自驾游的利与弊3．我的观点ThePopularityofSelf-DriveTourism_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1—7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HappinessandSadnessHappinessandsadnessaretwomostbasicandfamiliarfeelingforhumanbeings.Recently,peoplehaveachievedfurtherunderstandingaboutthem.HappinessUniversityofIllinois,psychologistEdDiener,whohasstudiedhappinessforaquartercentury,wasinScotlandrecently,explainingtomembersofParliamentandbusinessleadersthevalueofincreasingtraditionalmeasuresofacountry'swealthwithanationalindexofhappiness.Suchanindexwouldmeasurepoliciesknowntoincreasepeople'ssenseofwell-being,suchasdemocraticfreedoms,accesstohealthcareandtheruleoflaw.EricWilsontriedtogetwiththeprogram.Urgedonbyfriends,heboughtbooksonhowtobecomehappier.Hemadeeveryefforttosmoothouthishabitualworriedlookandwearasunnysmile,sinceahappyexpressioncanleadtogenuinelyhappyfeelings.Wilson,aprofessorofEnglishatWakeForestUniversity,tookupjogging,reputedtoboostthebrain'ssupplyofjoyfulneuro-chemicals,andbeganhisconversationswith"great!"and"wonderful!",thebettertoexercisehiscapacityforenthusiasm.However,somescientistsarereleasingthemost-extensive-everstudycomparingmoderateandextremelevelsofhappiness,andfindingthatbeinghappierisnotalwaysbetter.Insurveysof118519peoplefrom96countries,scientistsexaminedhowvariouslevelsofsubjectivewell-beingmatchedupwithincome,education,politicalparticipation,volunteeractivitiesandcloserelationships.Theyalsoanalyzedhowdifferentlevelsofhappiness,asreportedbycollegestudents,correlatedwithvariousoutcomes.Evenallowingforimprecisioninpeople'sself-reportedsenseofwell-being,theresultswereunambiguous.Thehighestlevelsofhappinessgoalongwiththemoststable,longestandmostcontentedrelationships.Thatis,evenalittlediscontentwithyourpartnercancauseyoutolookaroundforsomeonebetter,untilyouareatbestaserialmonogamistandatworstneverinaloving,stablerelationship.Nevertheless,"onceamoderatelevelofhappinessisachieved,furtherincreasescansometimesbeharmfultoincome,careersuccess,educationandpoliticalparticipation",DienerandcolleagueswriteinthejournalPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience.Onascalefrom1to10,where10sisextremelyhappy,8sismoresuccessfulthan9sand10s,gettingmoreeducationandearningmore.Thatprobablyreflectsthefactthatpeoplewhoaresomewhatdiscontent,butnotsodepressedastobeparalyzed,aremoremotivatedtoimproveboththeirownlot(thusdrivingthemselvestoacquiremoreeducationandseekever-more-challengingjobs)andthelotoftheircommunity(causingthemtoparticipatemoreincivicandpoliticallife).Incontrast,peopleatthetopofthejollinesschartsfeelnosuchurgency."Ifyou'retotallysatisfiedwithyourlifeandwithhowthingsaregoingintheworld,"saysDiener,"youdon'tfeelverymotivatedtoworkforchange.Bewarywhenpeopletellyouthatyoushouldbehappier."SadnessThedrawbacksofconstant,extremehappinessshouldnotbesurprising,sincenegativeemotionsevolvedforareason.Feartipsusofftothepresenceofdanger,forinstance.Sadness,too,seemstobepartofourbiologicalinheritance.Wilsonarguesthatonlybyexperiencingsadnesscanweexperiencethefullnessofthehumancondition.Healsoassertsthat"thehappymanisahollowman,"butheishardlythefirstscholartoseemelancholia(精神忧郁症)asinspiration.AclassicalGreektext,possiblywrittenbyAristotle,asks,"Whyisitthatallthosewhohavebecomeoutstandinginphilosophyorpoliticsorpoetryortheartsareclearlymelancholic?"Wilson'sansweristhat"thebluescanbeacatalyst(催化剂)foraspecialkindofgenius,ageniusforexploringdarkboundariesbetweenopposites."Theever-restless,thechronicallydiscontent,aredissatisfiedwiththestatusquo,beitinartorliteratureorpolitics.Foralltheirfamiliarity,theseargumentsareneverthelessbeingcrushedbythehappinessmovement.LastAugust,thenovelistMaryGordonlamentedtoTheNewYorkTimesthat"amongwriters…,whatisabsolutelynotallowableissadness.Peoplewilldoanythingratherthantoacknowledgethattheyaresad."And,JessDecourcyHinds,anEnglishteacher,recountedhow,afterherfatherdied,friendspressedhertodistractherselffromherprofoundsadnessandsenseofloss."Whydon'tpeopleacceptthatafteraparent'sdeath,therewillbeyearsofgrief?"shewrote."Everyonewantsmournersto'snapoutofit'becauseobservinganother'sdistressisn'teasy."It'shardtosayexactlywhenordinaryAmericans,nolessthanpsychiatrists(精神病学家),beganinsistingthatsadnessispathological(病态的).Butbytheendofthemillenniumthatattitudewaswellestablished.In1999,ArthurMiller'sDeathofaSalesmanwasrevivedonBroadway50yearsafteritspremiere.Areporteraskedtwopsychiatriststoreadthescript.Theirdiagnosis:WillyLomanwassufferingfromclinicaldepression,apathologicalconditionthatcouldandshouldbetreatedwithdrugs.Millerwasappalled."Lomanisnotadepressive,"hetoldTheNewYorkTimes."Heisweigheddownbylife.Therearesocialreasonsforwhyheiswhereheis."Whatsocietyonceviewedasanappropriatereactiontofailedhopesanddasheddreams,itnowregardsasapsychiatricillness.AsNYU'sWakefieldandAllanHorwitzofRutgersUniversitypointoutinTheLossofSadness',thismessagehasitsrootsinthebibleofmentalillness,TheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders.Itsdefinitionofa"majordepressiveepisode"isremarkablybroad.Youmustexperiencefivenot-uncommonsymptoms,suchasinsomnia(失眠),difficultyconcentratingandfeelingsadorempty,fortwoweeks;thesymptomsmustcausedistressorimpairment,andtheycannotbeduetothedeathofalovedone.Anyonemeetingthesecriteriaissupposedtobetreated.Whensomeoneisappropriatelysad,friendsandcolleaguesoffersupportandsympathy.Butbylabelingappropriatesadnesspathological,"wehaveattachedastigmatobeingsad,"saysWakefield,"withtheresultthatdepressiontendstoelicithostilityandrejection"withanundercurrentof"'Getoverit;takeapill.'Thenormalrangeofhumanemotionisnotbeingtolerated.""Wedon'tknowhowdrugsreactwithnormalsadnessanditsfunctions,suchasreconstitutingyourlifeoutofthepain,"saysWakefield.Thosepsychiatristsalsoexpressdoubtstomedicalisethesadness.1.AccordingtoEdDiener,whichofthefollowingcanbemeasuredbytheindexofhappiness?AThestandardofmoralitBThefreedomofspeecCThesenseofwell-beinDTheaccesstohealthcar2.Inordertobehappy,Wilsontriedmanywayssuchas______.AborrowingbooksonhowtobecomehappierBtryingtokeepasunnysmileCstartinghisconversationswith"Hello!"Dtryingtohaveagoodrest3.Whohavethehighestlevelofhappinessaccordingtothesurveyin96countries?APeoplewiththemostwealtBPeoplewiththebesthealtCPeoplewiththehighestpositioDPeoplewiththemoststablerelationshi4.AccordingtoDiener'sstatementsinPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience,thepersonwiththemoderatelevelofhappinesswillget______.AmoreeducationBmoderatesuccessClessearningDmorereputation5.AccordingtoDiener,whydothosepeoplewiththehighestlevelofhappinesshavelessmotivationtomoveahead?ABecausetheyhavespentalltheirtimepursuingthehappinesBBecausetheydon'tallowtheirworktoaffecttheirfeelingofhappinesCBecausetheyaretoosatisfiedwithhappinesstheyhaveowneDBecausetheydonotlikepeopletotellthemtobehappie6.WhichofthefollowingisthepossibleanswertothequestionssetbyAristotleinWilson'sopinion?AThesadnesscanmakeonebestrongeBThesadnesscanmakeonebeintelligenCThesadnesscanforceonetothinkmoredeeplDThesadnesscanmakeonemoredepresse7.Afterthedeathofherfather,friendsofJessHindstriedtohelpheroutof______.AworkingpressureBemotionaltroubleCeconomicpressureDmarriageproblem8.9.10.PartⅢListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.AItwillbeveryfaBItwilltakeplace,asplanneCItwascanceledonSaturdaDThearrangementsareuncertainsofa12.AShepainteditbyherselBShehiredherbrothertopaintiCItneedstobepainteDItisn'tbeautifullypainte13.AShewasslimmertheBShewas140poundstheCShewas160poundstheDShewasinverygoodfigurethe14.ATheaudiencehelpedthepianisBTheaudienceshookthepianist'shanCTheaudiencedislikedthepianist'sperformancDTheaudienceapplaudedthepianist'sperformanc15.AShefeelsfinBShefeelssicCShefeelsbetteDShefeelstire16.AThestudentstookaphysicaltestthatafternooBThestudentshadtotakepartinthephysicallaboCTheteacherputoffthephysicallaboDTherewon'tbeaphysicaltestthisafternoo17.ASingthesongforhisfriendsfirsBContinuetopracticethesongforaweeCPretendthatheisperformingforhisfriendDJoinintheactinggrouptomakeafewfriend18.AThewomanwillarriveatthestationintenminuteBThewomanhasfifteenminutestogettothestatioCThemanthinkshewillbeabletoreachthestationintenminuteDThemanthinkshewillnotbeabletogettothestationontimQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.ABeforefinishingschooBAfterfinishinguniversitCDuringheruniversitycoursDBetweenschoolanduniversit20.AInternationalchildren'sprojectBSocialandenvironmentalprojectCProjectsforpeoplewithnomoneDProjectsinvolvingsportsandlanguage21.AMainlyfromLondoBMainlyfromEnglanCFromdifferentcountrieDFromcharityorganizationQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.APeopleindevelopingcountrieBPeoplelivinginpoorconditionCPeopleinthe1950DPeopleinNewYor23.A12millioB8.1millioC14millioD26millio24.AHealthcarBHousingprobleCTransportationprobleDEducationalproble25.ATokyoinJapaBBeijinginChinCShanghaiinChinDSeoulinSouthKoreSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.APeopledon'tofteneatEnglishfooBPeopledon'tlikeEnglishfooCPeoplewhotraveltoBritaineatEnglishfoodinEnglishhomDPeoplewhotraveltoBritaindon'tknowmuchaboutEnglishfoo27.AThespeakerthinksthatwelivetoeat,butnoteattolivBThespeakerdoesn'tthinkthatweshouldeatwhenlivinCThespeakerthinksthatweeattolive,butnotlivetoeaDThespeakerthinksthatweeattoliveandlivetoea28.AThecriticismofEnglishfoodbyvisitorsisunfaiBItisimpossibletofindgoodEnglishfoodinlargetownCAswellasfoodpeoplealsotraveltoBritainforshoppingandsightseeinDIfpeoplecomplainaboutEnglishfood,theywillgetbetterfooQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.ARedCrossworkersareinmanycountrieBRedCrossonlyexistsintheUnitedStateCRedCrossisanothernameforworldhospitaDManypeoplewhoareinneedworkinRedCros30.ASupplyingbloodforpeoplewhoneeBProvidinganumberofservicesforthepubliCHelpingthesickandwoundedduringthewaDAidingpeoplewhowereinjuredinanearthquak31.AIn1875.BIn1895.CIn1881.DIn1818.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.ATheworkersontheundergroundplatformswerereplacedbymachineBItbecamethefirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayintheworlCAcompletelyautomaticlinewasaddedtoitsnetworDItstrainsbecamecomputer-controlle33.AAplatformworkeBAcomputeCThecommandspoDAmachin34.ATodrivethetrainafteritisstartedautomaticallBTostartthetrainandtodriveitwhennecessarCTotakecareofthepassengersonthetraiDTosendcommandingsignalstothecommandspo35.AItwillstopautomaticallBItwillmoveonatthesamespeeCItwillgraduallyslowdowDItwillkeepasafedistancefromtheothertrainSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtoJillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.ScientistsinIndiahavediscoveredawaytomakebambooplantsproduceflowersinlaboratory.TheBritish(36)Naturerecentlyreportedthe(37)event.Inthewilditcantakeaslongasonehundredandtwentyyearsforsomekindsofbambootoflower,andaftertheplant(38)itsseedsitdies.Thebambooplantisusedinmanydifferentways.Butbecauseittakessolongtoproduceseeds,scientistsnever(39)itatraditionalfarmcrop.Therecent(40)inIndiamaychangethat.The(41)wasdoneattheNationalChemicalLaboratoryinIndia.Threescientistscuttwohundredpiecesfromtwodifferentkindsofbambooplants;eachwasafew(42)long.Thetinycuttingswereplacedinthe(43)ofcoconutsmilk,plant-growthhormoneandothernutrients.Justafewweekslater,flowersbegantoappear.(44).Twoweeksafterthattheplantsbegantoproduceseeds.(45).Oneofthemhadnotputthebambooseedsinsoil,buthebelievestheywillproduceplants.TheIndianscientistsnowareplanningexperimentstosee(46).Bambooreproducesintwoways.Itflowersandproducesseeds.Italsoproducesnewgrowthfromitsroots.BambooplantsgrowingfromitsrootsarecalledZhuSuninChina.Bambooshootsaredugupandreplantedinthefield.Farmersharvesttheleaves.Theyfeedthemtotheiranimals.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Younotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Althoughtheenjoymentofcolorisuniversalandcolortheoryhasallkindsofnamestoit,colorremainsaveryemotionalandsubjectiveelement.Ourawarenessofcoloris(47)conditionedbyourculture,butcoloralsoprobably(48)ourinstincts.Ourpsyche(心智)reactsindifferentwaystocolorsinpartthroughsubjective(49)andinpartthroughculturalconditioning,andthetwoareoftenhardtoseparate.Blackandwhite,forexample,(50)usintuitively(直觉)ofnightandday,darknessandlight;theirlinkwithevilandgoodislikelytheresultofculture.Thereexistsa(51)tendencytofeelthatsomecolorsarewarmwhereasothercolorsarecool.Colorsthatarenearredonthecolorwheel(色轮)are(52)warmcolors—whichseemmore(53);andcolorsnearblueareregardedascoolcolors,whichseemmore(54).Scientistshavedemonstratedthatexposuretoredlightincreasestheheartbeatandthatexposuretobluelightslowsitclown.Forartiststhe(55)ofwarmandcooldependsonthecontrastingrelationshipbetweenanytwocolors.Avioletmightbecoolerthananorange,becauseithasblueinit,andthesamevioletmightbewarmerthangreen,becauseithasredinit.Thewarm-cool(56)helpstocreateexcitingcolorcontrastsbecausewarmcolorsseemwarmernexttocoolcolorsandcoolcolorsseemcoolernexttowarmcolors.A)partiallyF)associationsK)arousesB)consideredG)removeL)satisfyingC)distinctionH)universalM)respectivelyD)appointmentI)ascribesN)remindE)relaxingJ)stimulatingO)replacement47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthisnewera,thesinglemostimmediateandmostseriouschallengetoAmericatraditionalidentitycomesfromtheimmenseandcontinuingimmigrationfromLatinAmerica,especiallyfromMexico,andthefertility(生育)ratesoftheseimmigrantscomparedtoblackandwhiteAmericannatives.Americansliketoboastoftheirpastsuccessinassimilating(同化)millionsofimmigrantsintotheirsociety,culture,andpolitics.ButAmericanshavetendedtogeneralizeaboutimmigrantswithoutdistinguishingamongthemandhavefocusedontheeconomiccostsandbenefitsofimmigration,ignoringitssocialandculturalconsequences.Asaresult,theyhaveoverlookedtheuniquecharacteristicsandproblemsposedbycontemporaryHispanicimmigration.Theextentandnatureofthisimmigrationdifferfundamentallyfromthoseofpreviousimmigration,andtheassimilationsuccessesofthepastareunlikelytobecopiedwiththecontemporaryfloodofimmigrantsfromLatinAmerica.Thisrealityposesafundamentalquestion:WilltheUnitedStatesremainacountrywithasinglenationallanguageandacoreculture?Byignoringthisquestion,Americansacquiesce(默认)totheireventualtransformationintotwopeopleswithtwoculturesandtwolanguages.TheimpactofMexicanontheUnitedStatesbecomesevidentwhenOneimagineswhatwouldhappenifMexicanimmigrationabruptl5stopped.Theannualflowoflegalimmigrantswoulddropbyabout175000closertothelevelrecommendedbythe1900sCommissiononImmigrationReformchairedbyformerUScongresswomanBarbaraJordan.Illegalentrieswoulddecreasedramatically.Thewagesoflow-incomeUScitizenswouldimprove.DebatesovertheuseofSpanishandwhetherEnglishshouldbemadetheofficiallanguageofstateandnationalgovernmentswouldgo.Bilingualeducationandthecontroversiesitcauseswouldvirtuallydisappear,aswouldcontroversiesoverwelfareandotherbenefitsforimmigrants.Thedebateoverwhetherimmigrantsposeaneconomicburdenonstateandfederalgovernmentswouldbedecisivelyresolvedinthenegative.TheaverageeducationandskillsoftheimmigrantscontinuingtoarrivewouldreachtheirhighestlevelsinUShistory.Theinflowofimmigrantswouldagainbecomehighlydifferent,creatingincreasedstimulationsforallimmigrantstolearnEnglishandabsorbUSculture.Andmostimportantofall,thepossibilityofanactualsplitbetweenapredominantlySpanish-speakingUSandanEnglishspeakingUSwoulddisappear,andwithit,amajorthreattothecountry'sculturalandpoliticalintegrity.57.WhatmadeAmericansveryproudinthepastwas___AtheirstrongeconomicandpoliticalpoweronworldstageBtheircapabilityoninvolvingotherpeopleintotheircultureCtheirgreattoleranceoftheculturalfeaturesofimmigrantsDtheirhighfertilityrateofnativeblacksandwhites58.WhichofthefollowingmadetheAmericansneglectthecurrentimmigrationflood?AThefocusonthesocialandculturalcostsandbenefitsofimmigratioBThedistinctiontheymadebetweenimmigrantCThelackofrecognitionoftheimmigrants'economicinfluencDThelackofrecognitionoftheimmigrants'difference59.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefundamentalquestionlistedintheendofthefirstparagraph?AAmericawillbeseparatedintotwocountrieBEnglishwillgiveitsplacetootherlanguageCItconcernsAmerica'snationalandculturalidentitDIt'snotveryseriousbecauseofAmerica'spowerfulinfluenc60.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?ATheincreasingnumberofMexicanimmigrantsisgoingtostopexpandinginthecomingyearBTheMexicanimmigrationhas'alreadyresultedinanincreaseinthenumberofSpanishspeakingpeoplCTheMexicanmovetotheUSwiththedeliberateintentionofdestroyinghercultureandpoliticalintegritDTheAmericansdonothavetoworryabouttheimpactofMexicanimmigrationatal61.ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatAvariousimmigrantflowswillhelpthepromotionofEnglishlanguageBanabruptstopinMexicanimmigrationisaroundthecornerCthesuddenstopinlegalimmigrationwilloftencauseasuddenincreaseinillegalentriesDformerCongresswomanBarbaraJordanisstronglyagainstMexicanimmigrationtotheUSPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Troubledbythepersistentlypoorgraduationratesofbasketballandfootballplayers,theNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociationplanstostartpunishingschoolswhoseathletescontinuetounderperformintheclassroom.Theproposal,whichisexpectedtoadoptnextmonth,isbeingproposedbyNCAAPresidentMylesBrandasthefinalandcriticalpieceofapackageofchangesdesignedtoboostgraduationratesandputthestudentbackintotheoften-mockedterm,student-athlete.Evensupportersoftheplan,however,worrythatitwillproveimpractical,characterizingitasawell-intentionedideathathasbeenweakenedbycompromiseandwillultimatelygeneratemorepaperworkthanrealchange.There'salsobroadacknowledgementthatitmaycauseunintendedconsequencesofacademicdeception:moreschoolsofferingdishonestcoursesandcut-downcurricula,andheightenedpressureonfacultytogivepassinggradestokeepstarplayersqualified.Butwiththecontinu