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山东财经大学学士学位论文山东财经大学本科学年论文( 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 )题目：无法逃避的命运和抗争：——浅析《俄狄浦斯王》的命运学院外国语学院专业英语班级英语0901学号20090914120姓名李亚莉指导教师陈新山东财经大学教务处制二Ｏ一二年五月参考：山东财经大学学士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：年月日山东财经大学关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东财经大学有关保留、使用学士学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文。指导教师签名：　论文作者签名：　　年月日　　　　　年月日Theunchangeablefateandfighting:OnthetitlefateofOedipusthekingbyLiYaliUndertheSupervisionofChenXinSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsSchoolofForeignStudiesShandongUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsMay2012AcknowledgementsFirstofall,Iwouldgivemygreatappreciatetomyrespectablesupervisortoconstantlyencouragemeandguidemetodotheresearch.Thanktohisserioussupervisionandguidance,Ihavefinishedmythesisintheregulartime.Atthesametime,mythankstoallmybelovedteachersintheSchoolofForeignStudiesofShandongUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,fortheyteachingmealltheaspectsofEnglish.L.Y.LABSTRACTTheunchangeablefateandfighting:OnthetitlefateofOedipusthekingLiYaliOedipusthekingisoneofthegreattragedieswrittenbySophocles.TheplaytellshisfatethathewouldkillhisfatherandmarriedhismotherisdoomedbyGod.Whenheknowstheoracle,hetrieshisbesttoescapefromitbutunfortunatelyfailedintheend.Thethemeofthesubjectistoexpresstheunchangeablefatethroughtheconflictcontradictorybetweenhumanbeings’natureandfate.Also,theplayspeakshighlyofpeople’sfightingspiritwithGodandmysteriousstrength.Eventhoughwecan’tchangetheendingofthefate,wecanchangetheattitudetowardsfate,facingitsmileyandbravely.Keywords:Oedipustheking;fate;fighting摘要无法逃避的命运和抗争——浅析《俄狄浦斯王》的命运李亚莉《俄狄浦斯王》是索福克勒斯最伟大的悲剧之一。这戏剧讲述了俄狄浦斯杀父娶母的命运被上帝注定，但是他进他最大的努力想要改变这个命运，但最终以还是没能逃脱命运的悲剧。《俄狄浦斯王》通过人与命运的矛盾冲突揭示了命运的主题。这部戏剧也高度赞扬的人类和上帝这个神秘力量斗争精神。即使我么么不能改变命运的结局，但是我们可以改变对待命运的态度，微笑的，勇敢的。关键词：《俄狄浦斯王》；命运；抗争CONTENTSAcknowledgements…………………………………………………iiAbstract………………………………………………………….…iiiChineseAbstract…………………………………………………ivIntroduction…………………………………………………………1ChapterOne……………………....……………….........…………2Theunchangeablefate……………………………………………2ChapterTwo………………………….………………………….3Oedipuscomplex………………..…………………3ChapterThree……………………………………….…………4Realisticsignificance……………………………………4Conclusion…………..………………………………….………….5WorksCited……………………………………………………..…5IntroductionSophocles,oneofthemostinfluentialtragicwritersofancientGreece,wasbornafewyearsbeforetheBattleofMarathonin490BC,diedattheageofninetyinthewinterof406BC.HewasalsooneofthethreeancientGreecetragedianswhowrite123playsduringhislife,includingthemostfamousOedipusandAntigone.Becauseofthelittleinformation,itishardtomakeanexactchronologyofhisworks,buttakingintoconsiderationsomestylecharacteristics,specialistsaythattheprobablechronologicalorderisAjax,Antigone,Oedipustheking,Trachiniae,Electra,PhiloctetesandOedipusatColonus.Sophocleshasmadegreatcontributiontothedramabyaddingathirdactorinparticular,therebyreducingtheimportanceofthechorusinthepresentationoftheplot.Thesubjectofhistragediesisalmostrelatedtothemattersthatthehero’sfateisdoomedandcouldn’tbeinevitable.Also,Sophocles’’playwasalivewithfightingspiritandreflectedthemindhumanbeingshadinthatout-datetime.ChapterOneTheunchangeablefateFateisathemethatoftenoccursinGreekwritingtragedies.TheideathatattemptingtoavoidanoracleistheverythingwhichbringsitaboutisacommonmotifinmanyGreekmyths.AlsowecanseethisphenomenoninOedipusthekinginparticular.ToLouis,KingofThebes,anoracleforetoldthatthechildborntohimbyhisqueenJocastawouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismother.Soassoonasthesonwasborn,theinfant'sfeetwererivetedtogetherandhewaslefttodieonMountCithaeron.Butashepherdfoundthebabyandtakescareofhim,anddeliveredhimtoanothershepherdwhotookhimtohismaster,theKingofCorinth.Hebeingchildlessadoptedtheboy,whogrewupbelievingthathewasindeedtheKing'sson.Afterwardsdoubtinghisparentage,hevisitedDelphitofindoutwhohisrealparentsare.Buttohisshocked,theoraclegavehimanotherprophecyinsteadofansweringwhatheasked,whichhewouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismother.Inordertoescapefromthisbadfate,hedecidedtofleeawayfromwhathedeemedhisfather'shouseandinhisflightheencounteredandunwillinglykilledLaius,alsohisnaturefather.ThisistheverybeginningofOedipus’srealtragedy;theprophecyisapproachingstepbystep.Finally,aftersolvinglotsofdifficulties,hebecamethekingofthebe,marringtheformerqueen,unknowinglyhisnaturemother.whenheknowsthetruth,heblindedhiseyesandprayedforexilefromThebes.Eventhroughhecouldnotescapefromthecageofthefate,wecouldnotignoretheeffortshehaddone,andalso,wecouldnotignorethecontributionshehasmadetohisstate.Oedipusisatrueman,arealherowhosolvestheriddleofThebes.Atthesametime,heisastraightkingwholovesthesubjectsofhiskingdom,protectstheinterestofhisowncountry.InordertoinvestigatethemurdertheformerkingLaius,hepassionatelycurseshemurder,andunknowinglythathecurseshimself.Thesubjectsofthekingdomloveandrespecthimandseehimasthemosthonorableperson.Hefightsforhisownfateusingthestrongwill.Eventhoughhefinallyfails,hisfightingspiritsexistforever.ThethemeofOedipusthekingisnottoexpressthehumanbeing’ssorrow,helplessanddisappointmentwhenitcomestodestiny,buttoindicatethatpeopleisfreeandhasfreewill.Peoplehaveenergyandwilltofightagainsthisterriblefate,persistentlyandunyieldingly.Inconclusion,humanbeingcouldnotbeanaccessoryofgodandfate,butafreeindividual,afreesoul.ChapterTwoOedipuscomplexWhyOedipusthekingissopopularallaroundtheworld?Ithinkthatthereisakindofcomplexwhichlinksusandtheplay.WecanknowthatOedipusisnotonlyatragedyoffatebutalsothetragedyofcharacterwhichcomesfromOedipuscomplex.FreudthinksthatOedipuscomplexoftenoccursbetween3-5years.Heconsidersitastagewherethechildexperiencesaneroticattachmenttooneparentandhostilitytowardtheotherparent.Theensuingtriangulartensionisseenasbeingtherootofmostmentaldisorders.Freudcitestheincesttabooastherootofmanyotherprohibitions.'Wecannotgetawayfromtheassumptionthatman'ssenseofguiltspringsfromtheOedipuscomplexandwasacquiredatthekillingofthefatherbythebrothersbannedtogether'(Freud,1930).Inlittleboy’smind,motherishisownobjectwhichcouldnotbesharedbyothers.Theprimitivedesireforoneparentmayalsoawakeninthechildajealousmotivationtoexcludetheotherparent.Oedipuswouldliketooccupyhismotherbyhimself;theprimitivedesireexistsinhismindforalongtime,sothatinhisdeepheart,theviewofkillinghisfather,marringhismotherreallyexists.Inordertoescapetheirresistiblefate,Oedipusmadetheoraclecometrueunconsciously;thisindicatesthetragicspiritintheplay.ChapterThreeRealisticsignificanceofOedipusthekingInOedipustheking,fateisdestinedandcan’tbechangedbypeople,nomatterwhoyouare.Oedipusfightswithiteventhoughheknowstheoraclehasbeendonebygod.Sowhenweconfrontwiththefate,whatshouldwedo?Shouldwejustsithereforseekinghelporshouldwestandforfighting?Maybeonewouldsaythatwecan’tchangeitnomatterwhatwedo,sothatwhyweshouldwastelotsoftime,energytodothemeaninglessthing?Weshouldtreasurewhatwehavepossessedinsteadofthinkinghowtochangethefateallday.However,asfarasIamconcerned,wecan’tmakegreatprogressifwejuststaytheoriginalstatecomfortably,notgoingupahead.Forexample,HelenKeller,ablindedwomanfightsagainstherdisabilitiesallherlife.Atfirst,shecouldnotcommunicatewithothersowingtotheblindness,butshedoesn’twastethetimeoflifeforcomplainingtheunfairofthefate,whatshedoesistoseizealltheopportunities,spendallthetime,morethan10timesthanotherstolearnknowledge.Also,shededicatestotirelessadvocacyandfearlessactivismthatopenedwidedoorsofpossibilityforpeoplewithdisabilities.”Iwillnotjustlivemylife,Iwillnotjustspendmylife,Iwillinvestmylife”isarealdescriptionofHelenKellerforfightingagainstfate.Wecan’tescapethefate,suchasdisabilities,difficultiestheGodgivesus,butwecantakeactiveactionstoliveanexcellentcolorfullife.Inourcommonlife,wealsomaycomeacrossmanytroubles,anditishardtohaveaplainsailingintheocean.Ifwejustthinktoavoidthedifficulties,stayinginthecomfortableplace,wemaylosstheopportunitiestoimproveourabilities,increaseourknowledge.Sometimes,wemaycomplainthehardsituationwearein,butitwillenrichourmind.Trytochangetheattitudetowardsthehardsituationsortheunfairfate,beoptimisticandtakepositivemeasureswhenwecomeacrossit.Wearefreeindividuals,wehaveourownrighttocontrolourlives,andwehaveabilitiestodecidewhatkindofroadweshouldwalk.Tobeourselvesanddonotbeboundedbydestiny,thisiswhatIlearnedandwhatweshoulddointhenearfuturethroughOedipustheking,alsoisthespiritofOedipustheking.ConclusionOedipus,oneofthegreattragedies,wascreatedbytheplaywrightSophoclesinGreeceaccordingtothelegend.Itwasregardedastheperfecttragediesbywhichexpressedtheimpressiveprofoundtheme-thefate,throughtheconflictcontradictorybetweenhumannatureandfate.Humanbeingsaresmallwithinthenatureandcontrolledbydestiny,whichcouldnotbechangedbyus.Oedipus’fateisnotonlythetragedyofhimself,butalsothetroubleofhumanbeings.AlthoughOedipusspareseveryefforttotrytoescapethehorribledestinycontinuallytoldbyoracle,thefateisapproachingtohim.Inthissituation,whatweshoulddoistakeactionspositivelytofightagainstthefatewhenweconfrontthistroubleeventhoughwecouldnotescapeit,asOedipusdoes.AsfarasIamconcerned,thesignificanceofOedipusthekingisamoralvictoryofhumanbeings,whichpraisetheunyieldingwillandfightingspiritofhumanbeings.WorksCited龚北方;无奈与反抗——《俄狄浦斯王》命运悲剧典型性探微[J];大庆高等专科学校学报;2001年02期命运的注脚——俄狄浦斯王--《青年文学家》2011年13期古希腊三大悲剧作家研究［M］．中国社会科学出版社．1980刘晨风俄狄浦斯王悲剧感[J]国外文学.1998(16)命运的悲剧陕西师范大学报张帆2009.71