麦田里的守望者人物心理分析 论文

麦田里的守望者人物心理分析论文淮北煤炭师范学院2012届学士学位论文AnAnalysisoftheProtagonist'sPsychologyofTheCatcherintheRye学院、专业外国语学院、英语研究方向美国文学学生姓名方小京学号 20080501021指导教师姓名魏赟指导教师职称讲师2011年10月16日AcknowledgementsHereinIwouldliketoexpressmydeepestthankstomysupervisor,Mrs.weiyun,forherinsightfulviewsonhowthisthesisshouldbeconstructed,andforherprovidingmewithtimelyfeedback,carefulmodificationandencouragementthatareveryhelpfulforwritingthethesis.Withoutherhelp,thisthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.Mrs.wei’spassioninthisfieldisnever-ceasingandinspiring.Fromher,Ihavemorecloselyexperiencedwhatthevirtueslikeintegrityanddevotionmeanforatruescholar.Ishouldexpressmygratitudetomyfamiliesandclassmates.IthankthemfortheirencouragementwhenIfeltfrustratedintheprocessofwritingthethesis,andfortheirsuggestionsandsupports.TheAnalysisofProtagonist'sPsychologyoftheCatcherintheRyeAbstract:Asoneofthefamous“reclusivewriters”intheUnitedStates,JeromeDavidSalingergetshighreputationafterWorldWarⅡ.HisonlynovelTheCatcherintheRyeisregardedasa“modernclassic”inpost-warAmericanliterature.Hisworksmakehimarepresentativeofnovelsofanewkind.Hisworksarebothmysteriousandseriouswiththeirowncharacteristicstyle.Salinger'sworksreflecttheinnerconflictsofAmericanadolescentsafterWorldWarⅡandhavegreatinfluencesonAmericans.Thestorytoldbysixteen-year-oldHoldenCaulfield,theheroandnarratorofthenovel,isfacusedonwhatHoldenhasexperiencedinhisthree-dayvagabondlifeinNewYorkafterheisexpelledfromPencyPreparoundChristmasforhisbadgrades.IplantoregardHoldenCanlfieldastheportrayalofAmericanadolescents,andtrytoexploreHolden'sinnerworld.TheinnercontradictionsandconflictsarethetypicalcharacteristicsofprotagonistHoldenintheCatcherintheRye.Becauseofhisinnercontradictionsandconflicts,thisnovelhasbecometheage-oldriddleoftheliteraryworldinthetwentiethcentury.IplantoexplainHolden'spsychologyfromhissurroundings,includinghisschool,hisfamily,thesociety.AndIcanalsorevealHolden'sinnerworldbytheredhuntinghatandtheduck.ThroughexploringtheprotagonistHolden'sinnerworldtorevealthepost-warsocietyofUnitedStatesandthepeoplewholackofideal,depression,onlypursuemateriallife.Hence,”thedepressedgeneration”appears.Keywords:HoldenCaulfield,innercontradictionsandconflicts,thedepressedgeneration,psychology,protagonist《麦田里的守望者》主人公心理分析摘要：杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格（JeromeDavidSalinger）是美国著名“遁世”作家之一，他迄今为止发表的唯一一部小说《麦田里的守望者》在美国战后文学中被誉为“现代经典”；他的作品使他被公认为战后另一类型小说的代表人物，具有严肃，自由而又趋于神秘主义的独特写作风格。他的作品集中反映了五十年代美国青少年那种对社会事物既不能撒手不管，又不愿参与的矛盾心理，从不同角度对社会的各个方面提出了批评，在美国有广泛影响。小说主人公，十六岁的霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德以自述的形式回忆了他因成绩太差而在圣诞节前夕被潘西中学开除后在纽约三天的流浪式生活的经历。本文把霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德作为美国青年的写照，探究霍尔顿的内心世界。内心的矛盾与冲突是小说《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的典型特征。因其内心世界的复杂与矛盾，使得这部小说成为二十世纪文学界的难解之谜。本文从霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的周边环境，包括学校，家庭，社会来分析霍尔顿内心的矛盾与冲突，并且还从小说中红色猎人帽和鸭子的象征意义来揭示霍尔顿的内心世界。通过探究主人公霍尔顿的内心世界来传递二战后美国的社会，以及当时人们缺乏理想，意志消沉，只追求物质生活的时代。于是，“垮掉的一代”便出现了。关键词：霍尔顿，内心矛盾和冲突，垮掉的一代，心理，主人公TableofContentsChapter1.Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.1thebriefintroductionofJ.D.Salingerandhisworks----------------------------1.2theliteraturereview----responsestoTheCatcherintheRye--------1.3papercontext---------------------------------------------------------------------------Chapter2.FromHolden'ssurroundingstoseehispsychology-----------------------------2.1Holdenandhisschool---------------------------------------------------------------2.2Holdenandhisfamily---------------------------------------------------------------2.3Holdenandthesociety--------------------------------------------------------------Chapter3.FromHolden'sredhuntinghatandtheducktoseeHolden'spsychology---3.1Holdenandhisredhuntinghat-------------------------------------------------------3.2Holdenandtheduck-----------------------------------------------------------------Chapter4.Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TheAnalysisofProtagonist'sPsychologyoftheCatcherintheRyeChapter1 Introduction1,1ThebriefintroductionofJ.D.SalingerandhisworksJeromeDavidwasbornonJanuary1st,1919toawell-to-domerchantfamilyinNewYorkCity.HisfatherwasaJewishimporterofEuropeanhams.Hismotherwasagentile---Scotch-Inish.Salinger'sonlysibling,Doris,waseightyearsolderthanhe.From1932to1934,SalingerreceivedhiseducationinbothpublicandprivateschoolsinManhattan.Whenhewas15,hewassenttoamilitaryacademy,ValleyForgeMilitaryAcademyinPennsylvania,wherehegothisonlydiplomainhislife.In1940,Salingerpublishedhisfirstshortstory,TheYoungFolksinStrayandTheUniversityofKansasCityReviewwaspublishedlaterinthesameyear.AttheendofWorldWarⅡ,SalingerwasdischargedfromthearmyandremainedinEurope,workingasacivilianfortheDepartmentofDefenseuntilMay1946,whenhereturnedtoNewYorkCity.Heneverstoppedwritingandpublishinghisworks.In1951,SalingerpublishedTheCatcherintheRyeafterworkingonitadecade.Whenitwaspublished,itwassoonadestseller,peakingatnumber4ontheNewYorkTimesbest-sellerlistforthelasthalfof1951.Salingerhimselfremainedfrom1951to1963themostpopularAmericanFictionwriteramongserioushighschoolandcollegestudents.AsdescribedbySanfordPinsker,thebook“madethecollegecircuit,passingfromoneundergraduate'shandstoanothers…movedinexorablyfrombeingmerelyanoveltobecomingageneration'setiquettebook,andsometimesitsbible…Salinger’snamecametodominatedormitorybullsessionandtobespokenofintheworshipfultonesoncereservedforHemingway”(Pinskster1993;19)By1954thenovelwasnotonlyavailableintranslationinDenmark,Germany,France,Israel,Italy,Sweden,Switzerland,andtheNetherlands;evenmoresignificantly;itwasmadeavailableinpaperbackbytheNewAmericanLibrary.By1961salesofCatcherwerereportedtohavereachedoneandahalfmillioncopiesintheU.S.alone.TheCatcherintheRyeinevitablystandsoutasSalinger'sonlynoveltodate.AnditwasregardedasSalinger'sautobiography.Salingersaid:“IwasmuchrelievedwhenIfinishedit.MyboyhoodwasverymuchthesameasthatoftheboyinTheCatcherintheRye,anditwasagreattellingpeopleaboutit.”(Blaney1953;1)Thethemeofthenovel,initsbroadestsense,isthedifficultyofgrowingup,thelonelyandhardvoyagefrominnocencetoexperience.1.2Theliteraturereview-------responsestoTheCatcherintheRyeAsthenovelwaspublished,itwasprevailednotonlyinthehighschoolandcollege,butinthescholarsofdomesticandoverseas.ManyscholarsbegantoresearchandhaveadebateonTheCatcherintheRye.Firstly,manydomesticscholarshaveresearchedthenovel.ShiXianrongfirsttranslatedTheCatcherintheRyeintoChinesein1960sascriticalmaterailandrestrictedpublication.In1983,theLijiangPresspublishedtheChineseversiontranslatedbyShiXianrong.Andin2007,anotherChineseversionofTheCatcherintheRyetranslatedbySunZhongxu,andthispublishedinYilinPress.TheCatcherinthrRyeisregardedasoneofthebooksofrealismcriticizingbyhypocrisy,indulgence,profanityandcrueltyofAmericansociety.Forexample,ZhuJing'sTheCatcherintheRyeField:TheModernClassicRebellingPedantryandSham[JilinUniversityJournal(SocialSciencesEdition),2002,04]LiaoLeichao'sAStoryDog——AnAnalysisontheSpiritualCrisisoftheProtagonistintheCatcherintheRyeputshisaimatthespiritualworldofHoldenCaulfield.[2009年人文社会科学专辑，第35卷，NO.2009,Vol35]Asforthetheme,ZhangYuxiao,inThePuzzleofLifeontheEdgeofCliff:ontheSocialTThemeoftheCatcherintheRyebySalinger[JournalofShengyangNormalUniversitySocialSciencesEdition,2003,01]thinksthatthisnovelvividlyreproducedthementalstateofthepostwarAmericanyouth:enjoyinganabundantmateriallife.Secondly,alsomanyforeignscholarshaveresearchedthenovel.In1950s,CharlesH·KegelexploredHolden's“questforcommunication”,notingtheimpedimentstothisquestinparticularthephoninessthatdestroysrapportbetweencommunications.[Kegel,1957:188-190] Inlinguisticanalysis,CostellosurveyedHolden'sdictionandfoundthelanguageinnovelauthetic,essentialtoHolden'scharacterization,andanimportant“partofanaristicachievement”[Costello,1959：172—181] In1960s,manycriticalarticlesandbiographicalmaterialswhichbasedonTheCatcherintheRyeappeared,suchas,WilliamF·Belcher'sandJamesW·Lee'sSalingerandtheCritics[1962]andMarvinMarsden'sIfYouReallyWanttoKown:aCatcherCasebook[1963] In1970s,psychoanalyticalreadingsbegantoappear,suchas,In“afull-fledgedpsychoanalyticalreading”,BryansawHolden'sprotectinginnocencefromadultcorruptionasa“franticneedtosavehissisterfromhimself.”[Bryan,1974] In1980sand1990s,scholarsemphasizedonpsychoanalysis,culturalrelativityandpolitics.Suchas,EdwinHavilandMiller'sInMemoriam:AllieCaulfield[1982] MillerconcludedthatAllie'sdeathshapedHolden'sperspectiveontheworldandthathisinabilitytocometotermwiththelossofhisyoungerbrotherrevealshis“seriouspsychologicalproblem.”[Miller,1982] PamelaHuntSteinle'sInColdFear:TheCatcherintheRyeCensorshipControversiesandPostwarAmericanCharacter[2000]isanexaminationoftheculturalbackground.1.3papercontextThethesisaimstostudytheprotagonistHolden'spsychologyinTheCatcherintheRye.Thethesisconsistsoffourchapters.Chapter1isabriefintroductionofJ.D.Salingerandhisworks,andfamoussomedomesticandoverseasscholars'simportantresearchofTheCatcherintheRye.Chapter2givesthedetailedexplanationofHolden'spsychologyfromhissurroundings,includingschool,family,andsociety.FromeachparttoreflectHolden'scomplicatedpsychology.Chapter3reflectsHolden'spsychologyfromanotherperspective.Suchas,theredhuntinghatandtheduck,whichreflectsHolden'sinnercomplicationsandconflicts.ItcanshowHolden'spsychologymoredetailed.Chapter4isabriefconclusionwhichpresentsaclearsketchorwhathasbeendiscussedinthisthesis.Chapter2   FromHolden'ssurroundingstoseehispsychology2.1HoldenandhisschoolHolden,comingfromarichfamily,receivinghisschoolinginanexpensivelychargingpre-school,hasabrightfuture.However,heisunhappy,forhecannotgetwhathewishes,thatis,theemphasizedandcherishedspiritualvalue:honesty,compassion,kindnessandlovetohumanbeings.Butwhatisunfortunateis,whenhebeginstotouchtheadultworldthathefrightenedlyfindsoutthathisidealforloveisjustabeautifulsoapbubble.Attheverybeginning,thenoveldisplaysasad,gloomyscene:asaschoolboyfromPencyPrep,Holden,oftenmorethannot,feelsimcompatiblewiththesituation.OneSaturdayafternoon,whenalltherestschoolmatesareenjoyingafootballmatch,Holden,himself,wandersaboutonthetopofthenearbyhill,forheshowslittleinterestintheresultofthematch.Andalsohewantstoavoidthose“phonies”bydetachinghimselffromothers.Morethanthat,becauseofnothavingpassedfoursubjects,heisdoomedtobekickedoutfromPencyPrep.Holdenholdsahostileattitudetowardshisschoolmates,alltheteachersandtheschoolauthority.Hefeelsthathisschoolmatesareeitherstupidorunbirdled;heneverbelievestheteachers'swords.Justlikeatotherschoolwherehewasstudied,inPencyPrep,hefeelsthatheissurroundbyphonies,complaining,“Itwasaterribleschool,nomatterhowyoulookedatit.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,218]Earlyintheschool,beforeHoldeniskickedoutfromPencyPrep,hevisitshishistoryteacher,Mr.Spencer,whohurtsHolden'sself-esteem.BecauseMr.Spencerreadsfromhisexaminationpaper:“DearMr.Spencer(hereadoutloud),thatisallIkownaboutEgyptians.Icannotseemtogetveryinterestedinthemalthoughyourlecturesareveryinteresting.ItisallrightwithmeifyouflunkmethoughasIamflunkingeverythingelseexceptEnglishanyway.Respectfullyyours,HoldenCaulfield.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,228]Afterhereadsthewords,Holdenhasafeelingofbetrayalandafeelingofshameness.AndallthekindnessofSpencerinhisheartdisappears.Heismoretiredoftheadult'sworldandtheadult'sphoniness.InHolden'seyes,histeacher,Mr.Antonliniishislastbutonlyfriendandtheembodimentoftheforceofmorality.However,ironically,whenHoldenhastoturntohisbutonlyfriend,itisthisvery“gentleman”whogivesthissorelyhurtyoungmanthelastbutdeadlyattack.Whenhenearlygivesupallhopes,hecomestohisteacher,alsohisidoltoseekforsomeunderstandingandconsolation.Butwhathegetsfromhisteacherishisslickandworldlywisewarnings:“Themarkoftheimmaturemanisthathewantstodienoblyforacause,whilethemarkofthematuremanisthathewantstolivehumblyforone”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,419]Whenheheardsthesewords,hefeelsdepressedanddisappointed.Heknowsthatononecanunderstandhim.Hedoesnotwantto“livehumbly”.Hismostly-trustedteacherdisappointshim.Andwhenhewakesfromhisdream,hefindsthathisteacherishomosexual.Hisdisappointmentchangesintoindignation,disgustandhorror.Hisidolfallsfromthesacrifiticalaltarofthesoulandbreaksintopieces.Holden'sgoddies.Uptillthen,hefeelscompletelydesperateintheadultworld.Holdendespiesnotonlyhisteachersbutalsohisschoolmates.Forexample,hisroomate,Stradlater,whodisgustsHoldenthemost.EspeciallythedateofStradlater,this“sexybastard”withJaneGallagher(Holden'sgirlfriend),makesHolden“damnneardroppeddead”,forJaneGallagherishisbestfemalefriend.WhatStradlaterhasdonedeprivesHoldenofhisonlycherishmentandallofasudden,Holdenfeels“depressedandall”andhewisheshewasdead.Thisstrikeissosevere,sohehasafightwithStradlater,andthenleavesthePencyPreplonely,noonehascomeseehim.HebeginshislonelyandsufferingjourneytoNewYork.2.2HoldenandhisfamilyAlthoughthesurroundingpeoplearehardtobetrusted,Holdenmakesefforttoseekforhelpfromhisfamily.Familyshouldbethebestsanctuaryfortheyoungdeneration,whereunderstandingismosteasilyachieved,butobviously,Holden'sparentsignoretheirobligation.IntheworldHoldenlivesparentalcareandloveareinadequateorevenabsent.OnceHoldenhorsesaroundwithAckley,hepretendstobeablindguy,saying“Motherdarling,everythinggettingsodarkinhere…Motherdarling,givemeyourhand.Whywillnotgivemeyourhand.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,238]Apparently,Holdenissoeagerforparentallove.Nowander,inHolden'sunconsciousness,hereallyloveshishomeandlooksforfamilylove.However,Holden'smentionofhisfatherisconspicuousbyitsalmosttotalabsencefromthenovel.Hehassaidthathisfatherisquitewealthybutalsoquitebusy,theydonotseemtosharemanyexperiences.ThoughhisfatherisveryangrywithHoldenforexpellingfromschoolseveraltimes,hedoesnottrytofindoutthereasonswhyHoldendoesnotliketogotoschool.WhenhissisterPhoebesaystohim“Daddywillkillyou.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,393]Wecanknowthathisfatheriscrudetohim.Pshchologistsmightsaythatheisfailinghisschoolworkinordertogaintheattentionofhisfatherandtocommandhisfather'slove.Hismotherisindifferenttohimandupallnightsmokingcigarettes.Holdenrepeatedlynotesthatsheistoonervousandanxiousherselftodomorethanpayperfunctoryattentiontoherchildren'sneeds.Apparently,exceptmaterials,Holdencannotgetadequatelovefromthefamily.Heevendoesnotdaretoseekspiritualsupportorhelpfromparents.Fromthis,wecanseethatHoldenisverylonely,andhisinnerworldislonelyandlackoflovewarmth.Butanothermemberinhisfamily,hissister,Phoebeistherepresentiveofinnocenceandbeautyofchildhood.HoldenthinksthattheworldisphonyangunabletocommunicatewithmostofthepeopleexcepthisyoungersisterPhoebe.AndinHolden'sbottom,hecanbehappywithPhoebeandcanfeelloveandwarmthwhenhestayswithPhoebe.Hethinksthattheworldishypocriticalandtheadultworldisphony,sohetrieshisbesttoprotecthissisterPhoebe.AndwhenhetalkswithPhoebe,onlyPhoebelistenstohimcarefully.HelikesherinnocenceandhewantstotellPhoebehisthoughts.OncehetellsPhoebe:“AndI'mstandingontheedgeofsomecrazycliff.WhatIhavetodo,Ihavetocatcheverybodyiftheystarttogooverthecliff——Imeanifthey'rerunningandtheydon'tlookwherethey'regoingIhavetocomeoutfromsomewhereandcatchthem.That'sallI'ddoallday.I'djustbethecatcherintheryeandall.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,402]FromthiswecanseethatHoldendarestotellhisthoughts,maybeintheworldonlyPhoebelistenstohimcarefully.SoinfrontofPhoebe,heissincere,honest,andcomfortable.AndhethinksthatPhoebeistherepresentativeofinnocenceandwarmth,sohetrieshisbesttoprotecther.Inhismind,onlychildrenhavetheinnocence,sohepreventsPhoebeandotherchildrenfromsteppingintothephonyandhypocriticaladultworld.Sohedecidestodeacatcherintherye.2.3 HoldenandthesocietyHoldenfindshispositionandhischerishedvaluenowhereinthesociety.NewYorkistheminiatureofAmericansociety.Here,thereisonlyphoniness;theoffenceamongindividualsisunavoidable.HeseesthroughthephoninessofheadmasterofEltonHillsSchoolandhemournsforthecommitmentofsuicideof“hisonlyupright”classmate.Onceheindignantlydenouncedthewholesystemofeducation:“…andallyoudoisstudy,sothatyoucanlearnenoughtobesmartenoughtobeabletobuyaCadillacsomeday,andyouhavetokeepmakingbelieveyougiveadamnifthefootballteamloses,andallyoudoistalkaboutgirlsandliquorandsex allday,andeverybodystickstogetherinthesedirtyliittlegoddamnclicks.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,356]Holdenfeelshardtocommunicatewiththesocietyisthathedeteststhephoniness.Hehasonlyonecriteriontotestthesocity,thatis,thegenuineness.ThemostimportantoneofHolden'swordsinthisnovelis“phony”.Hesensesinstinctivelythatphoninessanddeceitspermeatetheworld.Holdencannotestablishhonestunderstandingsandtrustwithothers.Forinstance,whenhetriestocommunicatewithSallyHages,this“queenofphonies”,hesadlyfindsoutthatthisgirlcanhardlyfollowhim.Sallyisalready,tothemostextent,adulterated.Herinterestliesinshowingofffigureinmini-skirt.“That'swhyshewassohottogo,shewantedtoseeherselfinoneofthoselittleskirtsthatjustcomedownovertheirbuttandall.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,353-354]AndwhenHoldensaidtoher:“Howwouldyouliketogetthehelloutofhere?…Whatweshoulddois,tomorrowmormingwecoulddriveuptoMassachusettsandVermont,andallaroundthere…We'llstayinthesecabincampsandstufflikethattillthedoughrunsout.…Icouldgetajobsomewhereandwecouldlivesomewherewithabrookandall…Willyoudoitwithme?”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,357]ButSallyisindifferentwithhiswords.AndSallymakesfunofhiswords.SoHoldenfeelsverydepressedandthephonyadultworldhasmadehimdesperate.WhenheheardsSally'ssarcasm,hefindshimseltsoinnocent,andhelaughsatSally'sphonies.Fromthis,hefirmlythinksthattheaudltworldissnobbish.Really,Holden'sjourenytoNewYorkhardlybringshimselfanyserenity,consolationandrealhappiness.Theoriginofallthehideouephenomenaheseesliesinthelackoflove.Individualscannotcommunicatewitheachother,fortheylacksympathyandkingness.Thedegenerationofmoralityandthelustofmaterialenjoyment,inevitablyfrustratesanddisguststhoseexplorerslikeHolden,whoseekforthespiritualvalueoflife.Holdendespisesthiscitycontrolledbymoney,cursesthedeceitsbypeopleseekingforfameandprofits.Asaresult,itisreasonablethatherefusestosteponthe“waytosuccess”arrangedbythesociety.Holdenalonefightsthesituation,strugglinginthedilemmabetweenthewonderfulldreamandthevulgarityofthesociety.Thisiswhyheoftenfeelssolonely,sofrustrated,andsodepressed.Holdendonnotwanttobeoneofthem,soheisstugglinginhismind,hecouldnotunderstandthephenomena.Atlast,hecouldfindnowhereissuitableforhimexceptthemadhouse.Theworldissobroad,butnowherehecanstay, Holdeninthenovelisverytragic.Chapter3FromHolden'sredhuntinghatandtheducktoseehispsychology3.1HoldenandhisredhuntinghatHoldenredhuntinghathasgiventhedeepestimpressiononreaders'mind.TheredhuntinghathasbecomeanimportantsymbolofHolden.Accordingtotheuncompletestatistics,thehuntinghatappears14timesintheworld.TheredhuntinghatsymbolizesHolden'sthreedifferentidetities,respectivelytherebel,therecluseandthecatcher.Asarebel,Holdenalwayswearstheredhuntinghatinturn.AndthehatseemstobetheindicationofHolden'srevoltofthishypocriticalandphonyworld.Healwayswearsthehat,whichaimstoillustratehisdifferenceandcharacteristic.“ThewayIworeit,Iswungtheoldpeakwayaroundtotheback—verycorny,I'lladmit,butIlikeitthatway.Ilookedgoodinitthatway.”“‘Thisispeopleshootinghat.’Isaid,‘Ishootpeopleinthishat,’”“Butitwasfreezingcold,andItookmyredhuntinghatoutofmypocketandputiton—Ididn'tgiveadamnhowIlooked.Ievenputtheearslapsdown.Igotprettysoakingwet,especiallymyneckandmypants.Myhuntinghatreallygavemequitealotofprotectioninaway.”[TheCatcherintheRye,Yilinpress,2007,]Here,theredhuntinghatisnotonlyasasimplehat,butalsoitbestowsHoldenanewpowerasaweaponfightagaintheattackofthephonysociety.Hiswearingofthespecialhatreflectshisrebellionoftheworld,alsoitreflectsHolden'sdespisingofthephonyadultworldandsociety.Asareluse,Holdenswungtheoldpeakwayaroundtoback,whichindicateshiscowardiceandtimidness.BecauseHoldenbuystheredhuntinghatwhenhisschoolmatesrejecthim.Hewantstobuythehattoprotecthimself.Whenever,heisinbadmoodangdepressed,hewillweartheredhuntinghat.Thehatrepresentshisresearchforlifeandthelifeputshimintoatangle.Hedaresnottofacethedirtyandphonyworldandthecruelandbrutalreality.Heisdesperatebecausehisidealisconflictedwiththereality,andhelivesnopurpose.Allthesurroundingsmakehimdisappointedandevendesperate,sotheo