ISO 10042：2018 焊接 铝及其合金弧焊焊缝-缺陷评定（英文版）

©ISO2018Welding—Arc-weldedjointsinaluminiumanditsalloys—QualitylevelsforimperfectionsSoudage—Assemblagesenaluminiumetalliagesd'aluminiumsoudésàl'arc—NiveauxdequalitéparrapportauxdéfautsINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO10042Thirdedition2018-06ReferencenumberISO10042:2018(E)ISO10042:2018(E)ii©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2018Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO’smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401•Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Fax:+41227490947Email:copyright@iso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandISO10042:2018(E)Foreword........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ivIntroduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi1Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12Normativereferences......................................................................................................................................................................................13 Terms and definitions.....................................................................................................................................................................................14Symbols..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................25Assessmentofimperfections...................................................................................................................................................................3AnnexA(informative)Examplesofthedeterminationofthepercentporosity..................................................16AnnexB(informative)Additionalinformationandguidelinesforusersofthisdocument....................18Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................19©ISO2018–AllrightsreservediiiContentsPageISO10042:2018(E)ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentsshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seewww.iso.org/directives).Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.DetailsofanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedevelopmentofthedocumentwillbeintheIntroductionand/orontheISOlistofpatentdeclarationsreceived(seewww.iso.org/patents).Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISO'sadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT)seewww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.ThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC44,Weldingandalliedprocesses,SubcommitteeSC10,Qualitymanagementinthefieldofwelding.Thisthirdeditioncancelsandreplacesthesecondedition(ISO10042:2005),ofwhichitconstitutesaminorrevision.Thechangescomparedtothepreviouseditionareasfollows:—referencenumbersfromISO4063havebeendeletedintheScope;—inTable1,1.3,referencenumberISO6520-1hasbeenchangedfrom“2012-uniformlydistributedporosity”to“2018-surfaceporosity”;—inTable1,1.8,anewfigurehasbeeninsertedandchangestoqualitylevelsBandChavebeenmade;—inTable1,1.9,changestoqualitylevelChavebeenmade;—inTable1,1.14,adrawinghasbeenadded;—inTable1,1.15,changestoqualitylevelDhavebeenmade;—inTable1,1.18,adrawinghasbeendeletedandanewoneinserted,andreferenceto6520-1-5013“shrinkagegroove”hasbeendeleted;—inTable1,1.19to1.21,imperfectionshavebeenaddedwithvaluesfromISO5817:poorrestart,strayarc,spatter;—inTable1,2.2,changestoqualitylevelsBandChavebeenmade;—inTable1,2.10,changestoqualitylevelsCandDhavebeenmade;—inTable1,2.11,adrawinghasbeendeletedandnewonesintroduced,requirementsfor“Buttjoint(fullpenetration)”havebeenupdated;—inTable1,2.12,anewdrawinghasbeenintroducedwithnewrequirements,andchangestoqualitylevelsCandDhavebeenmade;iv©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedISO10042:2018(E)—editorialchangeshavebeenmade.RequestsforofficialinterpretationofanyaspectofthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtothesecretariatofISO/TC44/SC10viayournationalstandardsbody.Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org.©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedvISO10042:2018(E)IntroductionThisdocumentisintendedtobeusedasareferenceindraftingapplicationcodesand/orotherapplicationstandards.ItcontainsasimplifiedselectionofarcweldingimperfectionsbasedonthedesignationsgiveninISO6520-1.SomeimperfectionsdescribedinISO6520-1havebeenuseddirectlywhileothershavebeengroupedtogether.ThebasicnumericalreferencingsystemfromISO6520-1hasbeenused.Thepurposeofthisdocumentistodefinethedimensionsoftypicalimperfectionswhichcanbeexpectedinnormalfabrication.Itcanbeusedwithinaqualitysystemfortheproductionofweldedjoints.Itprovidesthreesetsofdimensionalvaluesfromwhichaselectioncanbemadeforaparticularapplication.Thequalitylevelnecessaryineachcaseneedstobedefinedbytheapplicationstandardortheresponsibledesigner,inconjunctionwiththemanufacturer,userand/orotherpartiesconcerned.Thequalitylevelareprescribedbeforethestartofproduction,preferablyattheenquiryororderstage.Forspecialpurposes,additionaldetailscanbenecessary.Thequalitylevelsgiveninthisdocumentprovidebasicreferencedataandarenotspecificallyrelatedtoanyparticularapplication.Theyrefertothetypesofweldedjointinfabricationandnottothecompleteproductorcomponentitself.Itispossible,therefore,thatdifferentqualitylevelsareappliedtoindividualweldedjointsinthesameproductorcomponent.Itisnormallybeexpectedthat,foraparticularweldedjoint,thedimensionallimitsforimperfectionscanallbecoveredbyspecifyingonequalitylevel.Insomecases,itcanbenecessarytospecifydifferentqualitylevelsfordifferentimperfectionsinthesameweldedjoint.Thechoiceofqualitylevelforanyapplicationtakesaccountofdesignconsiderations,subsequentprocessing(e.g.surfacing),modeofstressing(e.g.static,dynamic),serviceconditions(e.g.temperature,environment)andconsequencesoffailure.Economicfactorsarealsoimportantandincludenotonlythecostofweldingbutalsoofinspection,testandrepair.AlthoughthisdocumentincludestypesofimperfectionrelevanttothearcweldingprocessesgiveninClause1,onlythosewhichareapplicabletotheprocessandapplicationinquestionareconsidered.Imperfectionsarequotedintermsoftheiractualdimensions,andtheirdetectionandevaluationcanrequiretheuseofoneormoremethodsofnon-destructivetesting.Thedetectionandsizingofimperfectionsisdependentonthetestingmethodsandtheextentoftestingspecifiedintheapplicationstandardorcontract.Thisdocumentdoesnotaddressthemethodsusedforthedetectionofimperfections.However,ISO17635containsacorrelationbetweenthequalitylevelandacceptancelevelfordifferentNDT(non-destructivetesting)methods.Thisdocumentisdirectlyapplicabletovisualtestingofweldsanddoesnotincludedetailsofrecommendedmethodsofdetectionorsizingbyothernon-destructivemeans.TherearedifficultiesinusingtheselimitstoestablishappropriatecriteriaapplicabletoNDTmethodssuchasultrasonic(UT),radiographic(RT)andpenetranttesting(PT),forwhichadditionalrequirementsfortestingcanbenecessary.Thevaluesgivenforimperfectionsareforweldsproducedusingnormalweldingpractice.Requirementsforsmaller(morestringent)valuesasstatedinqualitylevelBcanincludeadditionalmanufacturingprocesses,e.g.grinding,TIGdressing.vi©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO10042:2018(E)Welding—Arc-weldedjointsinaluminiumanditsalloys—Qualitylevelsforimperfections1ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesqualitylevelsforimperfectionsinarc-weldedjointsinaluminiumanditsalloys.Itappliestomaterialthicknessesabove0,5mm.Threequalitylevelsaregiveninordertopermitapplicationtoawiderangeofweldedconstructions.TheyaredesignatedbysymbolsB,CandD.QualitylevelBcorrespondstothehighestrequirementonthefinishedweld.Thequalitylevelsrefertoproductionqualityandnottothefitnessforpurpose(see3.2)oftheproductmanufactured.Thisdocumentisapplicabletoalltypesofwelds(e.g.buttwelds,filletweldsandbranchconnections),tomanual,mechanizedandautomatedwelding,andtoallweldingpositions.Itisapplicabletothefollowingweldingprocesses:—metalinertgaswelding(MIGwelding);gasmetalarcwelding/USA;—tungsteninertgaswelding(TIGwelding);gastungstenarcwelding/USA;—plasmaarcwelding.Itisnotapplicabletometallurgicalaspects(e.g.grainsize,hardness).2NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO6520-1,Weldingandalliedprocesses—Classificationofgeometricimperfectionsinmetallicmaterials—Part1:Fusionwelding3 Terms and definitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:—ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps://www.iso.org/obp—IECElectropedia:availableathttp://www.electropedia.org/3.1qualityleveldescriptionofthequalityofaweldonthebasisoftype,sizeandamountofselectedimperfections3.2fitness for purposeabilityofaproduct,processorservicetoserveadefinedpurposeunderspecificconditions©ISO2018–Allrightsreserved1ISO10042:2018(E)3.3shortimperfection<weldsoflength≥100mm>imperfectionwhosetotallengthisnotgreaterthan25mminany100mmoftheirlength3.4shortimperfection<weldslessthan100mmlong>imperfectionwhosetotallengthisnotgreaterthan25%ofthelengthoftheweld3.5systematicimperfectionimperfectionthatisrepeatedlydistributedintheweldovertheweldlengthtobeexamined,thesizeofeachindividualimperfectionbeingwithinthespecifiedlimits3.6cross-sectionalareaareatobeconsideredafterfractureorsectioning3.7projectedareaareawhereimperfectionsdistributedalongthevolumeoftheweldunderconsiderationareimagedtwo-dimensionallyNote1toentry:Incontrasttothecross-sectionalarea(3.6),theoccurrenceofimperfectionsisdependentontheweldthicknesswhenexposedradiographically(seeFigure1).Key14porespervolumeunit42-foldthickness26-foldthickness51-foldthickness33-foldthicknessaDirectionofX-rays.Figure 1 — Radiographic films of specimens with identical occurrence of pores per volume unit4SymbolsThefollowingsymbolsareusedinTable1.2©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedISO10042:2018(E)Aareaofclusteredporosityanominalthroatthicknessofafilletweld(seealsoISO2553)bwidthoftheweldddiameterofagasporedAdiameterofareasurroundingaareaofclusteredporositydAcdiameterofcirclesurroundingtotalgasporeareahheightorwidthofanimperfectionllengthofimperfectioninlongitudinaldirectionofweldlplengthofprojectedorcross-sectionalareasnominalbuttweldthickness(seealsoISO2553)twallorplatethickness(nominalsize)wpwidthorheightofcross-sectionalareazleglengthofafilletweld(seealsoISO2553)5AssessmentofimperfectionsLimitsonimperfectionsaregiveninTable1.SystematicimperfectionsareonlypermittedinqualitylevelD,providedotherrequirementsofTable1arefulfilled.Aweldedjointshouldusuallybeassessedforeachindividualtypeofimperfectionseparately(seeTable1,1.1to3.2).Differenttypesofimperfectionoccurringatanycross-sectionofthejointneedspecialconsideration(seemultipleimperfectionsinTable1,4.1).Thelimitsonmultipleimperfections(seeTable1)areonlyapplicableincaseswheretherequirementsforasingleimperfectionarenotexceeded.Anytwoadjacentimperfectionsseparatedbyadistancesmallerthanthemajordimensionofthesmallerimperfectionshallbeconsideredasasingleimperfection.©ISO2018–Allrightsreserved3ISO10042:2018(E)Table1—LimitsonimperfectionsNo.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCB1Surfaceimperfections1.1100Crack—≥0,5NotpermittedNotpermittedNotpermitted1.2104Cratercrack—≥0,5h≤0,4sor0,4al≤0,4sor0,4aNotpermittedNotpermitted1.32018SurfaceporosityFortheassessmentoftheporosity,seeexamplesgiveninAnnexA.≥0,5≤2%≤1%≤0,5%1.42013Clustered(local-ized)porosity4©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCBReferencelengthforlpis100mm.Thetotalgasporeareawithintheclusterisrepresentedbyacircleofdiameter,dA,surroundingallthegaspores.Therequirementsforasinglegasporeshallbemetbyallthegasporeswithinthiscircle.Apermittedporousareashallbelocal.Thepossibilityoftheporeclustermaskingotherimperfectionsshallbetakenintoconsideration.IfDislessthandA1ordA2,whicheverissmaller,thenthetotalgasporeareaisrep-resentedbyacircleofdiameter,dAc,wheredAc=dA1+dA2+D.Systematicclusteredporosityisnotpermitted.≥0,5dA≤25mmordA,max≤wpdAcorrespondstodA1,dA2ordAcwhicheverisappli-cableNotpermittedNotpermitted1.52014Linearporosity—≥0,5NotpermittedNotpermittedNotpermitted1.62017SurfaceporeMaximumdimensionofasinglegaspore:0,5to3d≤0,3sor0,3ad≤0,2sor0,2ad≤0,1sor0,1a>3d≤0,4sor0,4amax.3mmd≤0,3sor0,3amax.1,5mmd≤0,2sor0,2amax.1mm1.72025Endcraterpipe—≥0,5h≤0,4tmax.3mmh≤0,2tmax.1,5mmNotpermitted1.8401Lackoffusion(incompletefusion)—≥0,5Shortimperfectionsh≤0,1sor0,1amax.3mmNotpermittedNotpermittedTable1(continued)©ISO2018–Allrightsreserved5ISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCB1.94021Incompleterootpenetration≥0,5Shortimperfec-tionsbutnosys-tematicimperfec-tions.h≤0,2tmax.2mmNotpermittedNotpermitted1.105011Continuousun-dercut0,5to3h≤0,2th≤0,1tNotpermitted>3h≤0,2th≤0,1tNotpermittedbutmax.1mmbutmax.0,5mm5012Intermittentundercut(shortimperfection)Smoothtransitionrequired.5012isnotregardedasasystematicimperfection.0,5to3h≤0,2th≤0,1th≤0,1t>3h≤0,2th≤0,1th≤0,1tbutmax.1,5mmbutmax.1mmbutmax.0,5mm1.11502ExcessweldmetalSmoothtransitionrequired.≥0,5h≤1,5mm0,2bmax.10mmh≤1,5mm+0,15bmax.8mmh≤1,5mm+0,1bmax.6mm1.12503Excessivecon-vexity≥0,5h≤1,5mm+0,3bmax.5mmh≤1,5mm+0,15bmax.4mmh≤1,5mm+0,1bmax.3mmTable1(continued)6©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCB1.135213InsufficientthroatthicknessNotapplicabletoprocessesproventogivegreaterdepthofpenetration.≥0,5Shortimperfectionsh≤0,3amax.2mmh≤0,2amax.1,5mmh≤0,1amax.1mm1.14504Excesspenetra-tion≥0,5h≤6mmh≤4mmh≤3mm1.15506Overlap≥0,5Shortimperfec-tionspermitted,buth≤0,2bNotpermittedNotpermittedTable1(continued)©ISO2018–Allrightsreserved7ISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCB1.16509SaggingSmoothtransitionrequired.≥0,5Shortimperfections511Incompletelyfilledgrooveh≤0,2tmax.1,5mmh≤0,1tmax.1mmh≤0,05tmax.0,5mm1.17512Excessiveasym-metryoffilletweld(excessiveunequalleglength)Onlyforcaseswhereasymmetricfilletweldhasbeenspecified.≥0,5h≤3mm+0,3ah≤2mm+0,25ah≤1,5mm+0,2a1.18515RootconcavitySmoothtransitionrequired.≥0,5Shortimperfectionsh≤0,2tmax.1,5mmh≤0,1tmax.1mmh≤0,05tmax.0,5mm1.19517Poorrestart≥0,5PermittedThelimitdependsonthetypeofimperfectionoccurredduetorestart.NotpermittedNotpermittedTable1(continued)8©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCB1.20601Strayarc—≥0,5PermittedforshortimperfectionsNotpermittedNotpermitted1.21602Spatter—≥0,5Acceptancede-pendsonapplica-tion,e.g.material,corrosionprotec-tionAcceptancede-pendsonapplica-tion,e.g.material,corrosionprotec-tionAcceptancede-pendsonapplica-tion,e.g.material,corrosionprotec-tion2Internalimperfections2.1100CrackAlltypesofcrackexceptmicrocracksandcratercracks.≥0,5NotpermittedNotpermittedNotpermitted2.21001MicrocrackAcrackusuallyonlyvisibleunderthemi-croscope(×50)≥0,5PermittedMax.0,6mm×0,02mmbutmax.4im-perfectionsper2mm×2mmMax.0,4mm×0,01mmbutmax.3im-perfectionsper2mm×2mm2.32011GasporeMaximumdimensionofasinglegaspore.≥0,5d≤0,4sor0,4abutmax.6mmd≤0,3sor0,3abutmax.5mmd≤0,2sor0,2abutmax.4mm2.42012Uniformlydis-tributedporosityTheassessmentofporosityisdonewithrespecttothecross-sectionalarea.SeeexamplesgiveninAnnexA.≥0,5≤6%≤2%≤1%Theassessmentofimperfectionsisdonewithrespecttotheprojectedarea.SeeexamplesgiveninAnnexA.0,5to3>3to12>12to30>30≤6%≤10%≤15%≤20%≤2%≤4%≤6%≤8%≤1%≤2%≤3%≤4%Table1(continued)©ISO2018–Allrightsreserved9ISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCB2.52013Clustered(local-ized)porosity≥0,5dA≤25mmordA,max≤wpdA≤20mmordA,max≤wpdA≤15mmordA,max≤wp/2Table1(continued)10©ISO2018–AllrightsreservedISO10042:2018(E)No.ReferenceNo.inISO6520-1DesignationofimperfectionRemarkstLimitsonimperfectionsforqualitylevelsmmDCBReferencelengthforlpis100mm.ThetotalgasporeareawithintheclusterisrepresentedbyacircleofdiameterdAsurroundingallthegaspores.Therequirementsforasinglegasporeshallbemetbyallthegasporeswithinthiscircle.Apermittedporousareashallbelocal.Thepossibilityoftheporeclustermaskingotherimperfectionsshallbetakenintoconsideration.IfDislessthandA1ordA2,whicheverissmaller,thenthetotalgasporeareaisrep-resentedbyacircleofdiameterdAc,wheredAc=dA1+dA2+D.Systematicclusteredporosityisnotper-mitted.dAcorrespondstodA1,dA2ordAcwhicheverisapplicable2.62014Linearporosity—≥0,5Shortimperfec-tionspermittedNotpermitted2.720152016ElongatedcavityWormhole—≥0,5l≤0,4sor0,4abutmax.6mml≤0,3sor0,3abutmax.4mml≤0,2sor0,2abutmax.3mm2.8303OxideinclusionIfseveraloxideinclusionsl1,l2,l3,...lnexistinonecross-section,theyaresummed:l=l1+l2+l3+...+ln.≥0,5Shortimperfectionsl≤soramax.10mml≤0,5sor0,5amax.5mml≤0,2sor0,2amax.3mm2.9304Metallicinclusion—≥0,5l≤0,4sor0,4abutmax.6mml≤0,3sor0,3abutmax.4mml≤0,2sor0,2abutmax.3mmTable1(continued)©ISO2018–Allrightsreserved11ISO10042:201