真题及练习 chapter 8 词汇学

Moreexercises:Giveatermaccordingtoeachofthedefinitions1.partofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaning()LinguisticcontextStructuralpatternswhereaparticularwordisused()grammaticalcontextHintsgiveninacontext()ContextcluesExtra-linguisticcontextPhysicalsituationorenviornmentrelatingtotheuseofwords()LexicalcontextWordswhichareusedwithaparticularwordandinfluenceitsmeaning()InferenceofmeaningGuessingword-meaningaccordingcontext()EliminationofambiguityGettingridofdoublemeanings()1.Stopdrinkingbythemselves2.stoppeopledrinkingCanyoudeterminethemeaningofthewordsinredineachofthesentences?a.Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingaboutmidnight.1.Astonehousewhichisbig2.ahousebuiltofbigstonesB.Therestoodabigstonehouseatthefootofthehill.PicturepossessedbyBetty2.aphotographofBettyC.IhavelostBetty’spicture.1.Auntswhoarevisiting2.payingavisittoauntsD.Visitingauntscanbeboring1.TakeJaneashiswife2.presideoverJane’sweddingE.Mr.Webster,theamiablepriest,isgoingtomarryJaneatthechurch.1.Aweaponthatcanflyoverlongdistancesandthatisexplodeswhenithitsthethingitaimsat.2.anobjectthatisthrownatsbinordertohurthim.F.IntheHistoryMuseumareexhibitedallkindsofmissiles.1.Itisdangeroustoflyaplane2.AplanethatisflyingisdangerousFlyingplaneisdangerous1.Roseorganizedthebadmintongame.2.Roseparticipatedinthebadmintongame.Roseranthebadmintongame.cContextclueshave()inall.A.sevenB.sixC.eightD.fiveAWithout(),thereisnowaytodeterminetheverysenseofthewordthatthespeakerintendstoconvey.A.contextB.semanticunityC.grammarD.stylisticfeaturecWhenawordwithmultiplemeaningsisusedininadequatecontext,thiswordmaycreate()A.morphologicalmotivationB.elevationC.ambiguityD.extensionD()canleadtoambiguity.A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.GrammaticalstructureD.AlltheaboveBLexicalcontextrefersthatthemeaningofthewordisoftenaffectedanddefinedbythe()A.structureB.neighbouringwordsC.physicalsituationD.grammarDWhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherolesofcontext?A.provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaningB.Indicationofreferents.C.Provisionofculturebackgroundforinferringword-meaningD.NoneoftheaboveBExtra-linguisticcontextdoesn’tinclude()A.peopleB.clausesC.placeD.timeCThesentence”IlikeMarybetterthanJean”isambiguousdueto()A.homonymyB.extra-linguisticcontextC.grammaticalstructureD.polysemyDTheambiguityin“Heisahardbusinessman.”iscausedby()A.lexicalitemsB.grammaticalstructureC.homonymyD.polysemy真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 再现201224.Inthesentence“Copernicusbelievedinaheliocentricuniverse，ratherthaninthegeocentrictheory”，themeaningofheliocentriccanbeinferredfromtheclueof______.【】　　A.relevantdetails　　B.wordstructure　　C.antonymy　　D.hyponymyB　(helio-太阳，geo-地球）Grammatical(become+pron./nusedasobject,meaning“suit”)38.Basedonthe______context,wecandeterminethemeaningof“Sarcasmdoesn’tbecomeyou”as“Sarcasmdoesn’tsuityou”.LexicalcontextThiscontextreferstothewordsthatoccurtogetherwiththewordinquestion.Themeaningofthewordisoftenaffectedanddefinedbytheneighbouringwords　44.lexicalcontext49.Whatarecontextualclues?Guessthemeaningofthewordsunderlinedinthefollowingsentencesandtellwhatcontextualclueshavehelpedyouinarrivingatthemeaning.　　(a)Theirgreatestfearwasofaconflagration,sincefirewoulddestroytheirflimsywoodensettlementbeforehelpcouldarrive.(p157-158)　　(b)Asthefightingonallfrontsreacheditspeak,theeconomyneareditsnadir.synonymyantonymyD201123.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfunctionsofverbalcontext?()A.Eliminationofambiguity. B.Indicationforreferents.C.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.D.Alltheabove.A24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutextra-linguisticcontext?()A.Itcanbesubdividedintogrammaticalcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.B.Itreferstophysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.C.Itembracesthepeople,timeandplace.D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.polysemant38.Thesentence"Heisahardbusinessman"isambiguousdueto_________.49.Whatarecontextualclues?Guessthemeaningofthewordunderlinedinthefollowingsentenceandtellwhatcontextualclueshavehelpedyouinarrivingatthemeaning.(a)Perhapsthemoststartlingtheorytocomeoutofkinesics,thestudyofbodymovement,wassuggestedbyProfessorBirdwhistell.(b)It'sjustonemoreincredibleresultofthedevelopmentofmicroprocessors—thosetinypartsofacomputercommonlyknownas"siliconchips".Keywords:Inmanycases,whenanewword(thoughttobe)appearsforthefirsttime,theauthorgenerallymanagestogivehintswhichmighthelpthereaderstograsptheconceptorunderstandtheidea.Thisiscalledcontextualclues.a---definitionb.---explanationB200923．Thesentence“IlostBetty’spicture.”isambiguousdueto______.（　　　）A．grammaticalcontext B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymyA200811.Without______,thereisnowaytodeterminetheverysenseofthewordthatthespeakerintendedtoconvey.A.context B.semanticunityC.structuralstability D.stylisticfeatureThemeaningofawordthatisinfluencedbythestructureinwhichitoccurs.45.grammaticalcontextindication200618.Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgive___________ofreferents.Keywords:(1)extra．1inguisticcontext=non-linguisticcontext=physicalsituation(2)includespeople，time，place，eventhewholeculturalbackground41.extra-linguisticcontextclues200518.Whenanewwordappearsforthefirsttime,theauthorusuallymanagestogivehintsor___________inthecontexttohelpthereaders.Ⅲ.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)wordorigin,2)wordformation,and3)typesofsynonymsorantonyms.(10%)A B()21.skill A.back-formation()22.babysit B.blending()23.telequiz C.Frenchorigin()24.composition/compounding D.Scandinavianorigin()25.government E.clipping()26.same/different F.relativesynonyms()27.gent G.Germanic()28.English H.absolutesynonyms()29.change/alter I.Contradictoryterms()30.big/small J.contrarytermsDABHCIEGFJ49.Studythefollowingsentenceandtrytoguessthemeaningofthewordinitalics.Thenexplainwhatcontextualclueshelpyoutoworkoutthemeaning.Carnivoresareverydangerous.Notlongago,atigerescapedfromthezooandkilledadoginthestreetandateit.Keywords:1.TigerisahyponymofCarnivore2.Carnivoreisasuperordinateoftiger.3.Tigerfeedsonmeet.4.Carnivoremayfeedonmeat5.therefore,thecarnivoreisameat–eatinganimal.B200415.Linguisticcontextisalsoknownas______context.A.socialB.verbalC.lexicalD.physicallexical17.Linguisticcontextcanbefurtherdividedinto______contextandgrammaticalcontext.Ⅳ.Studythefollowingwordsandexpressionsandidentify1)typesofaffixes;2)typesofmeaningand3)typesofmotivation.(10%)31.mismanage ()32.elephants-trumpet ()33.pretty ()34.forehead ()35.bossy ()36.sun:aheavenlybodywhichgivesofflight,heat ()37.anti-establishment ()38.subsea ()39.aseaoftroubles ()40.harder ()PejorativeprefixOnomatopoeicmotivationCollocativemeaningprefixsuffixConceptualmeaningPrefixofattitudeLocativeprefixSemanticmotivationInflectionalaffix49.Readthefollowingextractandtrytoguessthemeaningofthewordinitalics.Thenexplainwhatcontextualclueshelpyouworkoutthemeaning.‘Getmeanavocado,please,’Janetsaid,smackingherlips,butherbrother,withaglanceupatthebranches,saidthattherewerenoneripeyet.Keyswords:1.relevantdetails:--smacklips--glanceupatthebranches--ripe2.inference--Somethingpeoplegetfromthetree-Somethingetable--fruitTheend…