现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习

一.现在完成时的构成：现在完成时由助动词have（has）+动词的过去分词构成。has用于第三人称单数，have用于其他各种人称.二.现在完成时的用法：其用法主要有三种I•“已完成”用法：表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just,now,already,yet,not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。LiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）I'vefinishedmyhomeworknow.现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。Ihavelostmypen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）Shehasbecomeateache她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II•“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，thisweek（month），lately，recently，thesedaysinthepastfewdaysduringthelasttwoweeks,sinee,sinceyesterdaysince2daysagosince1991,foralongtime，foramonth,sofar,uptonow,till（until）now等。Hehaslivedherefor30years他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）They'veknowneachothersineechildhood他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度畐U词女口often,always,everyweek,twice等连用。IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice我曾经去过颐和园两次。HehasalwayssaidsO他总是这么说.三.现在完成时的时间状语I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。女口：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet—般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework我们已完成作业了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示曾经”或从未等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall你曾经去过长城吗？-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWa我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewday近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear今年你去过那里多少次？II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。女口：come,go,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,getu等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如：fallasleep(ill)宀beasleep(ill)gettoknow宀knowbegin,(start)宀beonopen—beopengetup—buy—havebeupgoout—beoutclosedie—bedead—beclosedjoin—bein,become^beina名词leave,move—bearrive—behereaway,gotoschool—beafinish(end)—beoverstudborrow—k^entcatch(acold)—have(acold)begintostudy—studycomeback—bebackputon—wea或beon女口：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyea哋参军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyear她父亲去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes电影已开始五分钟了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。四.几点注意事项I・havebeen（to与havegone（to的区别：havebeen（to表示去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone（to表示去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。II•不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresinee1997自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.练习一.用sinee和for填空135twoyearslast2.____________twoyearsagomonth4.______________1999yesterday6.______________4o'clock7_4hours8._____anhourago9.__wewerechildren10.____lunchtime11.__shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing__theyearbeforelast.13.1'veknownhim______wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_____threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity____abouttenyears.16.It'sabouttenyears___________sheleftthecity.二.单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_____what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_____beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi_____?A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、一Ourcountry_______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_____.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan_____already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We_____XiaoLisineeshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm」______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When______there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、________—____youyourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather_____thePartysinee1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、一Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssineetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay_________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It____tenyearssineeheleftthearmy.16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffiee.shetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents_____Shandongfortenyears.D.havebeeA.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegoneton18.____________________________________Thestudentshaveeleanedtheclassroom,_______?D.haven'tthey19A.sotheyB.hasdonMr'WhitettheybeeC.havenamembertheyofGreenerChinasineeheto、A.isB.hasC.willD.wasChina?A.Howsoon,eomesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,eameD.Howfar,arrived20.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus___for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway21.Thefaetory___sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened22.MaryandRose__friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome23.Youmustn't___untilheeomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft24.Themeeting___foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover25.MissGao_____thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught26.Ben_____ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became27.I_____homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned三.用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,sinc填空1.1have______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool_______tenyears.4.“Haveyou______seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave_____seenit.5.“Hasthebusleft_____?”“Yes,ithas______left.”四.用适当的时态填空：I.She's____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem______________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem__________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary______(lose)herpen._______you_______(see)ithereandthere?6.________you_____(find)yourwatchyet?7.---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________ust_________(have)someorange.8.We________already_________(return)thebook.9._______they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage?10.I____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?II.Myfather____(read)thenoveltwice.12.I________(buy)abookjustnow.13.I________(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather__________(read)thisbooksineeyesterday.五.划线提问1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays.______________________________you_____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather____________________?3)Helefthereyesterday.________________he____________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook六.翻译下列句子:1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？______________________________________________2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。______________________________________________3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。__________________________________________4.他已经吃过午饭._____________________________________________________5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？___________________________________________6.我哥哥还没回来。____________________________________________________7.这本字典我已买了三年了。____________________________________________8.他离开中国三年了。__________________________________________________9.我认识他们五年了。___________________________________________________现在完成进行时1定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2现在完成进行时的构成：现在完成进行时是由“have/has+bee动词的现在分词”构成3现在完成进行时的基本句型肯定式I/Wehavebeenworking.疑问式Haveyoubeenworking?简略回答Yes,l/wehave.No，I/wehaven't.肯定式He/She/Ithasbeenworking.疑问式Hashe/she/itbeenworking>简略回答Yes,he/she/ithas.No，he/she/ithasn't.4现在完成时的用法1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。女如:I'vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours，butIhaven'tfinishedit.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。I'vereadthisbook我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkingliketha她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。We'vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecent最近我们经常见面。5现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较:We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears.We'velivedherefortenyears我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。女口：Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have,exist,like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。女口：They'veknowneachothersinee197（自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。练习：1.MrLi______swimmingfor3hours,andhisson_______anhourago.A.hasbeen,startedB.havestarted,hasstartedC.started,startedD.Hasstarted,hasstarted2.---Howlong______you______stamps?---Sineetwoyearsago.A.have,collectB.have,beencollectingC.did,collectD.are,collecting3.Shehadaheadachebecauseshe____toolong.Sheoughttoshop.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.read4.Theboy_______TVallthemorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched5.---____haveyoubeenlearningtoswim?---Halfayear.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.When6.Ourteacherhasbeenteachinginthisschoolfor_______.A.twoyearandahalfB.twoandahalfyearC.twoyearsandhalfD.twoandahalfyears7.________Heitfortwohours,andhe'sstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenwatchedB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching现在完成时态练习题答案一.翻译下列句子：1.Haveyoueverhad/eatenfishandchips?2.Ihavejustlostmychemistrybook.3.1haveneverbeentothefarmbefore.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch=Hehashadlunchalready.5.Haveyouseenthemovieyet?6.Mybrotherhasn'tcome/get/beenback=yetMybrotherhasnreturnedyet.7.1havehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.8.HasbeenawayfromChinaforthreeyears.9」haveknownthemforfiveyears.10.TheyhavebeenintheUSAforfiveyears.11.HehasbeenheresincehemovedtoJining.12.Mysisterhasbeenacollegestudentforthreeyears=Mysisterhasbeenincollegeforthreeyears.13.Theyhaveknowneachothersince1999.14.Ihavebeeninthisschoolforoverthreeyears.二、用since或者for填空1.for2.since3.since4.since5.since6.since7.for8sinee9.sinee10.since11.since12.since13.since14.for15.for16.since四、划线提问1.Howlonghave,beenthere2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.Whendid,leavehere4.Whendid,buy五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:WherehasLiFeigone?B:HehasgonetoHainanIsland.A:Howlonghashebeenthere?B:Hehasbeenthereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I'mafraidhewon'tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,Ihaveneverbeenthere.A:HowmanytimeshasLiFeibeentothatplace?B:Hehasbeenthereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegonet及go的各种形式填空。1.hasgoneto2.wentto3.hasbeenin4.have,beenin5.havebeenin6.Have,beento;havebeen7.havebeenin/at8.hasgoneto9.didgo;went10.go;havebeen11.are,going;amgoing12.goes13.Did,go14.Do,go七、综合练习：1.never2.just,already3.for4.ever,never5.yet,just/already八.用适当的时态填空：1.lived/hasbeenliving2.havebeen3.went4.haspassed;left5.haslost;have,seen6.Have,found7.have,had8.have,returned9.Have,built10.haven'tfinished11.hasread12.bought13.lost14.havebeenreading/hasread