英文合同常用词

英文 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 常用词、短语和句型1.订立、变更合同动词Makeacontract/Enterinto/form/create/conclude/execute/covenant名词themakingof/theconclusionofacontract/theentryintocontract/theformationof/thecreationof/theconclusionof/theexecutionofacontract/covenantThisagreement/contractismadeandenteredinto8thofAugust,2008byandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.2.合同的终止、解除、撤销terminateacontract通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。cancelacontact因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力基本等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。dischargeacontract合同当事人的合同关系已终止。rescindacontract免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。revokeacontract即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。<divstyle="TEXT-ALIGN:center">合同中常用词及句型</div>1.常用虚词shall,notwithstanding,as,foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,abovementioned,accordingto,under,subjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,pursuant,underorinaccordancewiththeagreement,asprovidedherein,asprovidedinhereof,includebutnotlimitedto,withprejudice,whereas,hereof,hereto,herein,hereby,hereinafter,hereunder,thereof,forthwith,thefollowing,asfollows,asofthedateof,hereunder.1.1shall应该，必须。有时也可用will，但力度比较弱should在法律文件里往往用作“if”表示如果之意1.2Notwithsanding=inspiteof,despite.放句首1.3as1.3.1.asthecasemaybe(视情况而定)，asthecasemayrequire(视具体要求而定)1.3.2.as+provide/stipluate,setforth,prescribe表“依照什么规定”Asprovided短语含义相当于inaccordancewithTheventuremayrelocateitsofficefromtimetotimeastheVenturersmayrequire.1.3.3such……as…构成极具代表性的表达suchdateasaresonableinthecircumstances(as这里可以换成that).1.4foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,abovementioned.一般放在名词之前做限定，意思相同，都做“上述的”或“前述的”讲。合同中只要重复第一次提到的姓名或名称，即可将上述词放在合同内名词之前。如果想用动词短语表达，可将mentionedabove放在名词先行词后。要限定或重复某事，也可用Somethinginquestion表达1.5依照什么规定Accordingto(最少用),under,subjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,prusuantto,underorinaccordancewiththeagreement,asprovidedherein.PursuanttoArticle8ofthecontract=pursuanttoArticle8hereof.具体条款放在contract前不用of连接；也可用hereof,thereof直接放在具体条款之后.1.6includingbutnotlimitedto,including,withoutlimitation以及includingbywayofillustrationbutnotlimitation.“包括但不限于”1.7priorto,nolaterthan,onorbefore.“在**日前，提前多少日”1.8asfollows,asbelow,thefollowing.“下列”NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows/asbellow.1.9withoutprejudiceto,withprejudice.“在不损害什么的规定/情况下，不使受损害”“和有损，有偏见”1.10hereof,hereto,hereunto,herein,hereby,hereinafter,hereinbefore,hereunder,thereof,wherebyHere指该合同或协议There指另一合同或协议1.11attributableto,byvirtureof,onaccountof(相当于普通 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 中dueto,becauseof)1.12inlieuof.“替代”相当于普通英语中的insteadof.1.13hereinafterreferredtoas,hereinaftercalled,hereinreferredtoas.“以下简称”1.14unlessotherwise一半后面紧跟动词，除非另…（比“ifnot”“otherwise”正式）Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecontract/L/C除非另有规定unlessotherwiseexpresslyagreedby除非另有约定1.15inrespectof关于,比about,concerning,asregards正式inrespectthereof表示上文已提及的事项时使用1.16intheeventthat,intheeventof如果…发生，比when更正式1.17providedthat:但规定，规定；但是。常用于合同的某一条款需要做进步一规定时，或作规定时语气上表示转折。中译英时候注意。1.18bedeemed:比bebelieved,beconsidered正式1.19inquestion,underconsideration,beingtalkedabout.该，这Themattersinquestion该事项1.20incase,the(the)caseof:如果，含“一旦、万一”之意。1.21beliableforsth,beliabletosb,beresponsibleinaccordancewithlaw.对某事人负有责任1.22knowallmenbythesepresents根据本文件，特此宣布;undersigned法律文件签署者，前面加the，是指文件签署者的自称NowTherefore特此，因此。一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”“特此”2常用的实义词2.1provide,stipulate,prescribe,discribed,setforth.表示“规定”名词分别为provision,stipulation,prescription2.2represent,warrant,undertake,guarantee“保证”。Represent和warrant连用，出现在合同中声明和保障部分。PartyAherebyrepresentsandwarrantstopartyBthat.甲方向乙方声明并保证。2.3principleplaceofbusiness,domicile,businesspremise“主营业地”“住所”“营业场所”2.4annex/annexes,appendix/appendices,schedule/schedules,addendum/addenda.“附件”其中annex还有“吞并、合并”的意思。2.5chapter,article,section,clause,paragraph,subparagraph.章chapter,条article/(section/clause美国合同),款paragraph,项subparagrahp2.6有权做shall/willhavetherighttodo;(可用maydo代替)beentitledtodo(可用maydo代替)reservetherighttodo—专指“保留行使做什么的权利”be(duly)authorisedtodo/havetheauthoritytodo经授权havetheauthoritytododosth.Atone’soptionbeatlibertytodo—指由行为人自主决定做什么2.7有责任有义务做HavethelegalobligationtodoBeobligedtoShalldoBeundertheobligationtodoShallbeliabletodo.2.8effect合同英语中一般指“实现”“完成”2.9couterpart,copy,duplicate,original一式三份ismadein3origianls/couterpart,/copy/duplicate2.10incur“招致”相当于普通英语中cause2.11to-wit法律专用于，意思等于中文的“即”，同普通英语中的thatistoday(i.e)2.12sanction（很少用）,approval批准2.13dosth.Initsentirety“全部，整个做什么”dosth.Totally,dosthasawhole.2.14Mortgage相当于我国法律中的“抵押”Lien相当于“留置”Security相当于“担保、保证”asecuiredland一块设定担保的土地，asecuiredmoney保证还款Charege；指给土地等财产设定的保证付款的债权Pledge:保证；为支付由转移人发生的债务将动产转移，作为担保的方式；承典人对所收典物享有的权利（典权）Encumbrance指给财产设定的债券，例如租赁、抵押、限制性契约、收取房租等。2.15尽力做某事Useallresonableendeavorstodo;useone’sbestefforts.<divstyle="TEXT-ALIGN:center">合同用语2</div><divstyle="TEXT-ALIGN:center"></div>1.合同中常用句型1.1“如果”“假如’IfandwheneverIntheeventof/that(从句中的谓语可用一般现在时)和incase“如果”“在什么情形下”WhereShould从句—只有假设的是违背当事人意志的不利情况时候采用到Provided(that)/providing(that)，Ontheconditionsthat均表示实现某结果的前提条件，一般用于句末Insofaras(insofaras)“只要”“如若”替代普通英语中的aslongas1.2何物仍归谁所有或何物所有权归谁sthis(shallremain)thepropertyofsb.1.3“除外条款”“但书”在合同中成为‘savingclause”表现句型一般有savethat句型和saveas句型两种，表示“…除外”1.4“一……就……”upon…..一般不用ASAP1.5除非另有规定unlessotherwisestipulated/required/stated,exceptasotherwiseprovided两种基本句型1.6soagreedSoagreed,this____thdayof(month),2001另一种表达方式为：Inwitnesswhereof,thepartiessettheirhandsandsealshereuntoasofthedatehereinabovementioned.2.合同的五个部分的例句与用词2.1协议当事人parties、叙述recital、正文habendum、附录schedule、证明attestation.叙述部分由WHERERAS加双方愿望等订立合同的基础。开头句式2.1.1thisagreementismadethe___thdayof__between___,acompanyincorporatedin____(country)andhavingitsregisteredoffice/pricipalplaceofbusiness/headofficeat___(domicile)(hereinaftercalled“XXcompany)oftheonepartyand__(IDNo.:____)of__(domicile)(hereinaftercalled“YYManager”)oftheotherparty2.1.2Anagreementforservicemadethe1stdayofsep,2008between__of__(add)(hereinafterreferredtoasXXcompany)asonepartandMr.__of___(add)(hereinafterreferredtoasthecontractor)oftheotherpart.2.1.3ThiscontractismadebyandenteredintoonMarch1st,2008,byandbetween____LTD.(hereinafterreferredtoas“PARTYA”)and__LTD.（hereinafterreferredtoasPARTYB）.2.2协议正文的表达有主动和被动两种谓语经常用agree或agree加covenant包括下列表达：2.2.1NOWITISHEREBYAGREEDasfollows:2.2.2NOWTHEREFORE,itisherebyagreedasfollows:2.2.3WHEREBYITISAGREEDANDDECLAREDasfollows:2.2.4NOW，THEREFORE,inconsiderationofthemutualpromiesandcovenantshereincontained,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:2.2.5Forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandpromiseshereincontained,thePartieshereinagreetoconsitutethemselvesasjointventurers,henceforth,“venturers”forthepurposesbeforementioned.2.2.6NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesherbycovenantandagreeasfollows:2.27Itisunderstoodandexpressivelyagreedthat…2.3证明部分“双方签字盖章，特此为证”INWITNESSWHEREOF/INTESTIMONYWHEREOF+主动语态句型或被动语态句型INWITNESSWHEREOF,thepartiesheretohavesettheirhandsthedayandtheyearfirstabovewritten.INWITNESSWHEREOF,bothpartiessettheirhandsonthedatehereinhasbeenexecutedeffectiveasofthedatefirstabovewrittenINWITNESSWHEREOF,thepartiesheretohavecausedthisagreementtobeexecutedbytheirrespectivedulyofficersasofthedatefirsthereinabovewritten.INWITNESSWHEREOFthisdeedhasbeenenteredintoonthedatestatedatthebeginningINTESTIMONYWHEREOF,wehavehereuntosignedandsealedthiscontractonthedayandyearfirstwrittenabove.3.合同一般条款的例句与用词3.1定义。定义的句型常用：ShallrefertoMeansShallmeanShallbeconstructedas3.2通知特快专递常用expresscourier,expressdeliveryservice.等词加前置by或via表达，文中一般要用shall表示送达方的义务3.3保险条款undertermofCIF,bythebuyers,against3.4保证赔偿方面一般会用到shallindemnifyandholdsbharmlessof/from/for短语Companyshallindimnifyandholdsalesrepresentitiveharmlessofandfromanyandalllibilityattributablesoleytothenegligent,intentionalorotheractsofcompanyoritsemployees.公司应赔偿因其公司或某职员的单方过失、故意或其他行为而致的所有责任，并保证销售代表免于承担上述责任。3.5争议的解决Alldisputesarisinginconnectionwiththiscontractorintheexecutionthereofshouldbesettledamicablythroughnegotiations.Incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecaseindisputeshallthenbesubmittedforarbitrationin__.Theabitrationawardshallbeacceptedasfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Anycontroversyorclaimaringoutoforrelatedtothisagreement,orthebreachthereof,shallbesettledbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththecommercialarbitrationrulesoftheArbitrationassociation,andjudgementupontheawardrenderedbythearbitratior(s)maybeenteredinanycourthavingjuurisdicationthereof.3.6争议的法律适用方面governinglawThisagreementisgovernedbyandshallbeconstructedinaccordancewiththelawsofthePRC.3.7文字效力方面Thiscontractismadeintwooriginalsinenglish,bothbeingequallyvalidandauthentic.3.8股权转让transferofequityinterests/shares.文中多用shall,maynot,shallnot等义务性或禁止性规定。ThebagsshallbesoundandsuitableforoceantransportationWittentconsent书面同意Bearallcosts承担费用BebounduntoInthesumofSaveas除了……之外。InwitnessBeliableforStandbylettersofcredit备用信用证Forthwith立刻，不犹豫InconformitywithDeadfreight空仓费Demurrage滞港费<!--v:3.2-->本文转自-山东人在北京客城-：http://www.kecity.com/ShowPost.asp?ThreadID=30145引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。一.hereby英文释义:bymeansof,byreasonofthis中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：TheEmployerherebycovenantstopaytheContractorinconsiderationoftheexecutionandcompletionoftheWorksandtheremedyingofdefectsthereintheContractPriceorsuchothersumasmaybecomepayableundertheprovisionsoftheContractatthetimeandinthemannerprescribedbytheContract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。注释:(1)hereby:byreasonofthis特此(2)covenant:v.makeaformalagreement立约,签订合同、条约;n.legalagreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completionoftheWorks:工程的竣工(4)therein:intheWorks在本工程中(5)theContractPrice:合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as:关系代词,相当于that,which(7)under:inaccordancewith根据,按照(8)theprovisionsoftheContract:termsandconditionsoftheContract合同条款例2：Weherebycertifytothebestofourknowledgethattheforegoingstatementistrueandcorrectandallavailableinformationanddatahavebeensuppliedherein,andthatweagreetoprovidedocumentaryproofuponyourrequest.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）tothebestofourknowledge：asfarasweknow据我们所知（3）foregoingstatement：above-mentionedstatement上述声明（4）herein：inthis,inthestatement在声明中（5）documentaryproof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。例3：ThisContractisherebymadeandconcludedbyandbetween    Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and    Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)on    (Date),in    (Place),China,ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandthroughamicableconsultation.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA：以下称甲方（3）ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefit：在平等互利基础上（4）throughamicableconsultation：通过友好协商参考译文：本合同双方，    公司（以下称甲方）与    公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于    年    月    日在中国    （地点），特签订本合同。例4：Thisagreementisherebymadeandenteredintoon    (Date),byandbetween    Co.China(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and    Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB).注释：（1）thisagreementisherebymadeandenteredinto：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign(make,concludeorenterinto)thisagreement,按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。（2）hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB：以下简称乙方二  hereof英文释义:ofthis中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“theterms,conditionsandprovisionshereof”，这里hereof表示“ofthisContract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“anypartshereof”，这里hereof表示“ofthisWorks”。语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“ofthis”。例如，上面的“theterms,conditionsandprovisionsthereof”中的thereof表示oftheContract；“anypartsthereof”中的thereof表示oftheWorks。例1WhetherthecustomofthePortiscontrarytothisClauseornot,theownerofthegoodsshall,withoutinterruption,bydayandnight,includingSundaysandholidays(ifrequiredbythecarrier),supplyandtakedeliveryofthegoods.Providedthattheownerofthegoodsshallbeliableforalllossesordamagesincludingdemurrageincurredindefaultontheprovisionshereof.注释：（1）WhetherthecustomofthePortiscontrarytothisClauseornot：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether…ornot：不论……是否（2）theownerofthegoods：货方（3）withoutinterruption：无间断地（4）carrier：承运人（5）indefaultontheprovisionshereof：违反本款规定hereof：ofthisClause参考译文：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。例2ForeigntradedealersasmentionedinthisLawshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionshereof,coversuchlegalentitiesandotherorganizationasareengagedinforeigntradedealings.注释：（1）foreigntradedealers：对外贸易经营者（2）asmentionedinthisLaw：本法所称（3）theprovisionshereof：theprovisionsofthisLaw本法规定（4）legalentity：法人（5）beengagedinforeigntradedealings：从事对外贸易经营活动参考译文：本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。例3TheestablishmentofalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbysharesshallcomplywiththeconditionsandprovisionsofthisLaw.Acompanycomplyingwiththeconditionsandprovisionshereofmayberegisteredasalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbyshares.Providedthatifacompanyfailstocomplywiththeconditionsandprovisionshereof,thecompanyinquestionshallnotberegisteredasalimitedliabilitycompanyoracompanylimitedbyshares.注释：（1）alimitedliabilitycompany：有限责任公司（2）acompanylimitedbyshares：股份有限公司（3）provisionshereof：本法规定hereof:ofthisLaw（4）mayberegisteredas：登记为参考译文：设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。例4If,asaresultofwithdrawaloranyotherreasons,anarbitratorfailstoperformhisdutiesasanarbitrator,anotherarbitratorshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionshereof,beselectedorappointed.注释：（1）asaresultofwithdrawaloranyotherreasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁员（3）theprovisionshereof：theprovisionsofthisLaw本法规定（4）beselectedorappointed：选定或指定参考译文：仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。例5IntheeventofconflictbetweentheprovisionsonarbitrationformulatedandpreparedpriortotheeffectivedateofthisLawandtheprovisionsofthisLaw,theprovisionshereofshallprevail.注释：（1）conflict：相抵触（2）priortotheeffectivedateofthisLaw：本法施行前（3）theprovisionshereofshallprevail：以本法为准hereof：ofthisLaw参考译文：本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。例6Where,inaccordancewithlaws,thecircumstance(s)specifiedinArticle15andArticle16ofthisLawis/areconfirmed,theorganizationwithcompensatoryobligationsshallpaycompensationinanyofthecircumstanceinquestion.WheretheclaimantforcompensationdemandstheconfirmationofoneofthecircumstancesspecifiedinArticle15andArticle16hereof,andthedemandedorganizationrefusestomaketheconfirmation,theclaimantshallhavetherighttolodgeacomplaint.Wheretheclaimantclaimscompensation,theclaim,shall,first,belodgedtotheorganizationforcompensatoryobligations.TheprovisionsofArticle10,Article11andArticle12hereofshallapplyto/intheproceduresofcompensation.注释：（1）theorganizationwithcompensatoryobligations：赔偿义务机关（2）shallpaycompensation：应当给予赔偿（3）theclaimantforcompensation：赔偿请求人（4）Article15andArticle16hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条hereof：ofthisLaw（5）shallhavetherighttolodgeacomplaint：有权申诉（6）claimscompensation：要求赔偿（7）applyto/in：适用MoreExamples:Thecommentappliesequallyhere./Thatargumentdoesnotapplyinthiscase./Thatappliestoatleastnine-tenthsofthepeopleweseeabout./Theseremarksapplytoeverytowninthiskingdom./Therulesofsafedrivingapplytoeveryone.参考译文：赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。例7IfanarbitratorinvolvedinoneofcircumstancesspecifiedinItem4,Article34ofthisLaw,andifitisserious,orthosespecifiedinItem6,Article58hereof,thearbitratorinquestionshall,inaccordancewiththelaw,bearthelegalliabilityandresponsibility.Thearbitrationcommissionshallremovethenameofthearbitratorinquestionfromthelistofarbitrators.注释：（1）arbitrator：仲裁员（2）Article58hereof：本法第五十八条hereof：ofthisLaw（3）bearthelegalliabilityandresponsibility：承担法律责任（4）thearbitrationcommission：仲裁委员会（5）removethenameofthearbitratorinquestionfromthelistofarbitrators：将其除名参考译文：仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。例8If,pursuanttothisLaw,therelevantresponsibleauthoritieswiththedutyofapprovalsfailtograntapprovaltosuchanapplicationasmeetstherequirementsandprovisionshereof,orthecompanyregistrationauthoritiesfailtoregisteracompanywhoseapplicationmeetstherequirementshereof,thepartyinquestionmay,inaccordancewithlaws,applyforreconsiderationorbringanadministrativesuit.注释：（1）therelevantresponsibleauthoritieswiththedutyofapprovals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门（2）meetstherequirementsandprovisionshereof：符合本法条件（3）thecompanyregistrationauthorities：负责公司登记的主管部门（4）therequirementshereof：本法条件hereof:ofthisLaw（5）applyforreconsideration：申请复议（6）bringanadministrativesuit：提起行政诉讼参考译文：依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。例9ThisDecisionshallapplytothecrimescommittedagainstArticle9,Article10andArticle11hereofbythestaffandworkersofenterprisesotherthanlimitedliabilitycompaniesandcompanieslimitedbyshares.注释：（1）thecrimescommitted：犯罪行为（2）againstArticle9,Article10andArticle11hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定hereof:ofthisDecision参考译文：有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。例10CompaniesregisteredandestablishedpriortotheeffectivedateofthisLawshall,inaccordancewithLaws,administrativeregulations,localregulationsandpursuanttothe“StandardOpiniononLimitedLiabilityCompanies”orthe“StandardOpiniononCompaniesLimitedbyShares”issuedbytherelevantresponsibledepartmentoftheStateCouncil,continuetoexist.ThosecompaniesnotcompletelysatisfyingtherequirementsofthisLawshall,withinthespecifiedtimelimit,meettherequirementshereof.SpecificmethodsforimplementationofthisLawwillbesetoutinseparateregulationsissuedbytheStateCouncil.注释：（1）companiesregistered：已登记成立的公司（2）the“StandardOpiniononLimitedLiabilityCompanies”：《有限责任公司规范意见》（3）the“StandardOpiniononCompaniesLimitedbyShares”：《股份有限公司规范意见》（4）therelevantresponsibledepartmentoftheStateCouncil国务院有关主管部门（5）inseparateregulationsissuedbytheStateCouncil：由国务院另行规定参考译文：本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留。其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。例11UnfaircompetitionmentionedinthisLawreferstoactsofsuchbusinessoperatorsascontravenetheprovisionshereof,witharesultofdamagingthelawfulrightsandinterestsofotherbusinessoperators,anddisturbingthesocio-economicorder.注释：（1）unfaircompetition：不正当竞争（2）businessoperators：经营者（3）contravenetheprovisionshereof：违反本法规定theprovisionshereof：本法规定hereof：ofthisLaw（4）thelawfulrightsandinterests：合法权益（5）disturbingthesocio-economicorder：扰乱社会经济秩序参考译文：本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。三hereto英文释义:tothis中文译词:至此，在此上。用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示“本合同双方”，可以说“thePartieshereto”，这里hereto表示“tothisContract”；表示“本协议附件4”，可用“Appendix4hereto”，这里hereto表示“tothisAgreement”。语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。hereto和thereto的区别：同前面所言hereof和thereof的区别类似，hereto强调的是“tothis”。例1AlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshall,throughamicablenegotiations,besettledbythePartieshereto.Should,throughnegotiations,nosettlementbereached,thecaseinquestionshallthenbesubmittedforarbitrationtotheChinaInternationalEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommission,BeijingandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.TheawardofthearbitrationshallbefinalandbindinguponthePartieshereto.TheArbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbytheArbitrationCommission.注释：（1）theperformanceofthisContract：履行本合同（2）throughamicablenegotiations：友好协商（3）thePartieshereto：thePartiestothisContract本合同双方（4）shallthenbesubmittedforarbitration：提交进行仲裁（5）theChinaInternationalEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommission,Beijing：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京）（6）thearbitrationrulesofthisCommission：其仲裁规则（7）theawardofthearbitration：仲裁裁决（8）unlessotherwiseawardedbytheArbitrationCommission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外参考译文：对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。例2“PatentedTechnology”meanssuchpatent,andsuchapplicationsforthepatentasarepresentlyownedorwillhereafterbeacquiredinthefuturebyPartyB,orasPartyBhasormayhavetherighttocontrol,orasarepermittedtobetransferredduringtheeffectiveperiodofthisContractinanyorallcountriesoftheworld,andasareapplicabletoormaybeusedinthemanufactureofContractProductsspecifiedbythePartieshereto.注释：（1）patentedtechnology：专利技术（2）patent：专利（3）applicationforthepatent：专利申请（4）mayhavetherighttocontrol：可能有权控制的（5）permittedtobetransferredinanyorallcountriesoftheworld：在世界任何国家许可转让（6）ContractProductsspecifiedbythePartieshereto：本合同双方规定的本合同产品hereto:tothisContract参考译文：“专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的，或乙方有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。例3“TechnicalDocuments”meansthedataandtheinformationspecifiedinAppendix1hereto,suchasengineering,manufacturingandoriginalinformationrelatingtothemanufactureandmaintenanceoftheContractProducts,includingdrawings,blueprints,designsheets,materialspecifications,photographs,photostatsandgeneraldata,anddesignandtheirspecificationsrelatingtomanufacturingeuipment,toolsandfacilities.Providedthattheabove-mentionedinformationshallbesuchinformationasisonlyavailabletoPartyBandapplicabletothebusinessoperationofPartyAunderthisContract.注释：（1）technicaldocuments：技术资料（2）thedataandtheinformation：资料（3）engineering：工程（4）manufacturing：制造（5）originalinformation：原始资料（6）blueprint：蓝本（7）designsheets：设计图表（8）materialspecifications：材料规格（9）photostats：影印资料（10）generaldata：一般资料（11）designandtheirspecificationsrelatingtomanufacturingeuipment,toolsandfacilities：与制造设备、工具和装置有关的设计及其 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 书参考译文：“技术资料”系指列于附件1与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料，包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等，但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料。例4IfPartyBdemandstoaudittheaccountsofPartyA,PartyBshall,within10daysafterreceivingthewrittennoticeissuedbyPartyAunderSub-Clause3.4ofthisContract,notifyPartyAofthematerinquestion.ThespecificcontentsandprocedureofauditingaccountsaredetailedinAppendix4hereto.注释：（1）audittheaccountsofPartyA：查核甲方的帐目（2）Sub-Clause3.4ofthisContract：本合同第3.4款（3）thespecificcontentsandprocedureofauditingaccounts：其具体的查帐内容和程序（4）Appendix4hereto：本合同附件4hereto：tothisContract参考译文：乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时，应在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知甲方，其具体的查帐内容和程序详见本合同附件4。例5ThepartiestothisAgreementagreethateitherPartyheretoshall,immediatelyandfully,notifytheotherPartyheretoofanysuchmatterscomprisinganimprovement,modification,furtherinventionordesignasthePartyinquestionmaydiscover,makeordevelopwithrespecttomanufactureandassemblyoftheLicensedProductsorcomponentsthereof.ThePartydiscovering,makingordevelopingthesubjectmatterinquestionmay,atitsownexpenseanditsownname,fileapplicationforLetterPatentortakeothernecessarylegalstepstoprotectthesame,andanypatentarisingtherefromshallbelongtothePartyinquestion.TheotherPartymay,duringtheeffectiveperiodhereof,makeuseof,andsellproductsutilizingsuchimprovement,modification,furtherinventionordesign(whetherpatentedorun-patented)withoutchargeandroyaltyfeeinanymannerconsistentwiththisagreement.注释：（1）eitherPartyhereto：本协议各方（不译成“onePartyhereto）。（2）improvement,modification,furtherinventionordesign：改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（3）discover,makeordevelop：开发（4）manufactureandassemblyoftheLicensedProductsorcomponentsthereof：生产及装配许可证产品或部件（5）fileapplicationforLetterPatent：申请专利（6）takeothernecessarylegalstepstoprotectthesame：其它必要的法律保护程序thesame:LetterPatent（7）anypatentarisingtherefrom：由此产生的专利（8）consistentwiththisagreement：与本协议不相矛盾参考译文：本协议各方同意，一方对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所做的改进、修正、更新发明或设计均应立即全部通知另一方。开发改进的一方可以自负费用并以自身名义申请专利或采取其它必要的法律保护程序，由此产生的专利将属于该方所有。在本协议的有效期内，另一方可以与本协议不相矛盾的方式无偿使用和销售利用改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（无论其是否取得专利权）生产的产品。例6ThePartiestothisAgreementagreethatYshallsupplytoFCAMcertainlicenseandtechnicalassistanceformanufacturingProducts.TheTechnicalAssistanceAgreementtobeconcludedbetweenFCAMandYshallbedeemedtobeanattachmentasAppendix2hereto(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“TechnicalAssistanceAgreement”).注释：（1）certainlicenseandtechnicalassistanceformanufacturingProducts：有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务（2）thetechnicalassistanceagreement：技术服务协议（3）Appendix2hereto：本协议附件2hereto：tothisAgreement参考译文：本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务，FCAM和Y将订立技术服务协议并作为本协议附件2（以下称作“技术服务协议”）。例7ThePartiestothisAgreementagreeandensurethatFCAMwill,tothemaximumextentpracticablypossible,usetheformsrequiredbyYforsuchdataonmanagementandfinancialinformationasaregivenbyFCAMtothePartieshereto,andthatFCAMshallprepareandkeepaccountingandfinancialrecordsandbooksavailableforinspectionorauditbyeitherPartyhereto.注释：（1）tothemaximumextentpracticablypossible：尽实际可能最大限度地（2）dataonmanagementandfinancialinformation：管理和财务信息材料（3）prepareandkeepaccountingandfinancialrecordsandbooks：建好会计和财务帐目（4）availableforinspectionorauditbyeitherPartyhereto：以备本协议各方的检查或审计eitherPartyhereto：eitherPartytothisAgreement本协议双方inspection：检查audit：审计参考译文：本协议双方同意保证FCAM将尽实际可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式样，用于FCAM向协议各方提供管理和财务信息材料；并且FCAM应建好会计和财务帐目以备协议双方的检查或审计。例8ThePartiestothisAgreementagreethattheBoardofDirectorsauthorizedbythePartiesheretotoadministrateormanageFCAMshallberesponsibleforapprovingtheoverallbusinessmanagementplanofthecompany,andmonitoringtheexecutionoftheplaninquestion.ProvidedthatthebusinessmanagementplaninquestionshallbesubmittedtothePartiesheretoforreviewandapproval.注释：（1）BoardofDirectorsauthorizedbythePartieshereto：本协议双方授权的董事会hereto：tothisAgreement（2）toadministrateormanageFCAM：管理FCAMadministrate：行政管理manage：业务管理（3）theoverallbusinessmanagementplanofthecompany：公司整体经营 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 （4）monitortheexecutionoftheplaninquestion：监督该计划的执行（5）reviewandapproval：审阅和批准参考译文：本协议双方同意授权管理FCAM的董事会对公司整体经营计划的报批和监督执行负责。该经营计划需要提交协议双方审阅和批准。例9ThePartiestothisAgreementagree,andwillcauseFCAMtoagree,thatYwillselltoFCAM,andFCAMwillbuyfromY,allsuchspecializedmachineryandequipmentasisdeterminedthroughmutualconsultationbyandbetweenYandFCAMfortheeffectiveutilizationofthetechnicalknow-howsuppliedbyYtoFCAMundertheTechnicalAssistanceAgreementatsuchpricesandonsuchtermsandconditionsasaredeterminedbyandbetweenthePartieshereto.注释：（1）specializedmachineryandequipment：特定机器设备equipment：（单数形式）设备（2）determinedthroughmutualconsultation：协商决定（3）theeffectiveutilizationofthetechnicalknow-how：有效使用技术诀窍（4）termsandconditions：条件（5）(such…)as：作关系代词，意为which,that参考译文：本协议双方同意并将使FCAM同意Y将向FCAM出售，FCAM从Y购买经过Y和FCAM协商决定的特定机器设备，以保证根据技术服务协议由Y向FCAM提供的技术诀窍得到有效使用，并以协议双方同意的价格和条件成交。例10TheterminationofthisContractshallnotinanywayaffecttheoutstandingclaimsandliabilitiesexistingbetweenthePartiesheretoupontheexpirationofthevalidityoftheContractandthedebtorshallcontinuetobekeptliableforpayingtheoutstandingdebtstothecreditor.注释：（1）theterminationofthisContract：本合同期满（2）outstandingclaimsandliabilities：未了债务（3）debtor：债务人（4）creditor：债权人参考译文：本合同期满时，双方之间发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务。四herein英文释义:inthis中文译词:此中，于此用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）的……”等时，使用该词。如表示“本法（中）所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfaircompetitionmentionedherein”，此处herein表示“inthisLaw”；表示“本协议（中）内容”，译为“theContentsherein”，此处herein表示“inthisAgreement”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.例1UnfaircompetitionmentionedinthisLawreferstosuchactsofbusinessoperatorsascontravenetheprovisionshereof,witharesultofdamagingthelawfulrightsandinterestsofotherbusinessoperators,anddisturbingthesocio-economicorder.Businessoperatorsmentionedhereinrefertosuchlegalpersons,othereconomicorganizationsandindividualsasengageinthetradingofgoodsorprofit-makingservices(hereaftercalledGoodsincludingservices).注释：（1）unfaircompetition：不正当竞争（2）mentionedinthisLaw：本法所称（3）referto：是指（4）contravenetheprovisionshereof：违反本法规定（5）damagethelawfulrightsandinterestsofotherbusinessoperators：损害其他经营者的合法权益（6）disturbthesocio-economicorder：扰乱社会经济秩序（7）businessoperatorsmentionedherein：本法所称的经营者herein：inthisLaw（8）engageinthetradingofgoodsorprofit-makingservices：从事商品经营或营利性服务engagein：从事，beengagedin：忙于参考译文：本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和个人。例2ThisLawisherebyformulatedandpreparedinordertodeveloptheforeigntrade,maintaintheforeigntradeorderandpromotethehealthydevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Foreigntradementionedhereinshallcovertheimportandexportofgoods,technologyandtheinternationaltradeinservices.注释：（1）thisLawisherebyformulatedandprepared：兹制定本法（2）maintaintheforeigntradeorder：维护对外贸易秩序（3）promotethehealthydevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomy：促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展（4）foreigntradementionedherein：本法所称对外贸易herein：inthisLaw（5）theinternationaltradeinservices：国际服务贸易参考译文：为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，兹制定本法。本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。例3Theterm“company”mentionedhereinreferstosuchalimitedliabilitycompanyorsuchacompanylimitedbysharesasareestablishedwithintheterritoryofChinainaccordancewiththisLaw.注释：（1）mentionedherein：mentionedinthisLaw本法所称（2）limitedliabilitycompany：有限责任公司（3）companylimitedbyshares：股份有限公司（4）withintheterritoryofChina：在中国境内参考译文：本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。例4IllegalgainsfromthecrimesasspecifiedinthisDecisionshall,ifany,beconfiscated.Wherethosecommitcrimesagainsttheprovisionsherein,withtheirillegalgainstobeconfiscated,afineimposedon,theirpropertyforfeitedandacivilcompensationassumedby,andtheirpropertyandassetsareinsufficientforthepaymentsofalltheaboveitems,theyshallfirstbeliableforthecivilcompensation.注释：（1）illegalgains：违法所得（2）shallbeconfiscated：应当予以没收（3）theprovisionsherein：theprovisionsinthisDecision本决定规定（4）illegalgainstobeconfiscated：被没收违法所得（5）afineimposedon：判处罚金（6）propertyforfeited：没收财产（7）acivilcompensationassumedby：承担民事赔偿责任参考译文：犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得、判处罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。例5Theterms“FOB”,“CFR”or“CIF”shallbesubjecttothe“InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms”(INCOTERMS,2000)providedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)unlessotherwisespecifiedherein(inthisContract).注释：（1）（1）“FOB”（freeonboard）(…Namedportofshipment)：船上交货（…<指定装运港>）（2）（2）“CFR”（CostandFreight）(…Namedportofdestination)：成本加运费（…<指定目的港>）（3）（3）“CIF”（Cost,InsuranceandFreight）(…Namedportofdestination)：成本、保险费加运费（……<指定目的港>）（4）（4）the“InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms”(INCOTERMS,2000)：《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》参考译文：除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。例6Unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedforherein,ifalldisputes,controversiesordifferencesarisingoutoforinrelationtotheexecutionofthisAgreementbetweenthePartieshereto,oranybreachordefaultoftheprovisionshereof(includingbutnotlimitedto,adisputeconcerningtheexistenceorcontinuedexistenceofthisAgreement,andthevalidityoftheArbitrationClause)failtobesettledamicably,thedisputes,controversiesordifferencesinquestionshallbesubmittedforarbitration.注释：（1）unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedforherein：除非另有明确表示herein：inthisAgreement（2）dispute：争议（3）controversy：纠纷（4）difference：歧意（5）thePartieshereto：thePartiestothisAgreement本协议双方（6）anybreachordefaultoftheprovisionshereof：任何违约及过失（7）includingbutnotlimitedto：包括，但不限于（8）thevalidityoftheArbitrationClause：仲裁条款有效性arbitrationclause仲裁条款参考译文：除非另有明确表示，则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。例7TheAgentshall,pursuanttotheconditionsandprovisionsspecifiedherein,ontheDisbursementDate,creditthefundsreceivedtosuchaccountasisspecifiedbytheBorrowerunderSub-Clause2.2ofthisContract.注释：（1）theAgent：correspondentbank代理行（2）pursuanttotheconditionsandprovisionsspecifiedherein：按照本合同规定的条件herein：inthisContract（3）ontheDisbursementDate：在付款日（4）creditthefundsreceived：贷记入所收资金（5）theBorrower：借款人参考译文：代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。例8Alltherightsprovidedforherein(inthisContract)shallbecumulativeandshallnotbeexclusiveofanyotherrights,powers,privilegesorremediesprovidedforbylaws.注释：（1）cumulative：累加的（2）shallnotbeexclusiveof：并不排除（3）privilege：特权（4）remedy：补救方法（5）providedforbylaws：法律规定的参考译文：本合同规定的各项权利是累加的，并不排除法律规定的其它权利、权力、特权或补救方法。例9NowTherefore,undertheconsiderationofthemutualpromisesmadebythePartiestothisAgreement,thePartiesheretoagreethecontentshereinasfollows:注释：（1）NowTherefore：据此（2）theconsideration：对价。对价是对一项允诺（promise）的回报。例如，甲方允诺向乙方提供若干数量的货物，乙方同意付给甲方一定数目的货款，该货款便构成甲方允诺的对价。在经过要约（offer）与承诺（acceptance）的基础上，只有那些拥有对价的允诺才被认作合同，得到法律的保护和执行。（3）thecontentsherein：本协议内容herein：inthisAgreement参考译文：据此，以本协议双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致：例10TheBorrowershall,underthisAgreementandtheNote,fulfilltheobligationsofmakingallpayments.AllthereimbursementstotheBankshallbefreeandclearofanyotherchargesandexemptfromalltaxesandsuchreimbursementsasarereceivedbytheBankwillnotbesubjecttotaxes.TheBorrowershall,underthisAgreement,payalltaxesasprovidedforherein.注释：（1）theobligationsofmakingallpayments：支付义务（2）reimbursement：偿付（3）befreeandclearofanyothercharges：不附带其它费用（4）exemptfromalltaxes：是免税的（5）payalltaxesasprovidedforherein：承担全部本协议规定的税务herein：inthisAgreement参考译文：借款人应按照本协议和票据完成所有支付义务。向银行的偿付应是不附带其它费用并且是免税的，而且银行所收到的偿付款项不含任何税务。借款人应按本协议承担全部本协议规定的税务。五hereinafter英文释义:laterinthesameContract中文译词:以下,在下文语法:一般与referredtoas,called等词组连用，以避免重复，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻。例1：InaccordancewiththeLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonChinese-ForeignEquityJointVenturesandtheContractsignedbyandbetween    Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and    Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB),thearticlesofassociationherebyisformulatedandprepared.注释：（1）inaccordancewith：under根据（2）LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonChinese-ForeignEquityJointVentures：中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法（3）Hereinafter：以下（4）articlesofassociation：合营公司章程（条款）（5）hereby：特此（6）formulate：prepare制订参考译文：根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》以及由  公司（以下称甲方）与  公司（以下称乙方）所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。例2FinancialinstitutionswithforeigncapitalmentionedintheseRegulationsrefertothefollowingfinancialinstitutionsthatareestablishedandoperateinChinauponapprovalinaccordancewiththerelevantlawsandregulationsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina:(1)subsidiarybanksincorporatedbyforeigncapitalwhoseheadofficesareinChina(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbanks);(2)branchesofforeignbankinChina(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbankbranches);(3)banksincorporatedjointlybyforeignandChinesefinancialinstitutions(hereinafterreferredtoasequityjoint-venturebanks);(4)financecompaniesincorporatedbyforeigncapitalwhoseheadofficesareinChina(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignfinancecompanies);and(5)financecompaniesincorporatedjointlybyforeignandChinesefinancialinstitutions(hereinafterreferredtoasequityjoint-venturefinancecompanies).注释：(1)financialinstitution：金融机构(2)subsidiarybanksincorporatedbyforeigncapitalwhoseheadofficesareinChina：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。在中译英时，这里的“外国资本银行”，应理解成“外资银行的子银行”，英文为subsidiarybanks，而不能简单地译成foreignbanks，因为很少有一家外国银行把自己的总部搬到国外，但在境外设立子银行、子公司是经常的。(3)hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbanks：以下简称外资银行。(4)hereinafterreferredtoasforeignbankbranches：以下简称外资银行分行。(5)financecompany：财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。如果中文为会计事务所，则要译成：accountingfirm(6)hereinafterreferredtoasforeignfinancecompanies：以下简称外资财务公司(7)hereinafterreferredtoasequityjoint-venturefinancecompanies：以下简称合资财务公司参考译文：本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构：（一）总行在中国境内的外国资本银行（以下简称外资银行）（二）外国银行在中国境内的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）（三）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）（四）总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司（以下简称外资财务公司）（五）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）例3WhenexistingChinese-foreignequityjointventures,Chinese-foreigncooperativejointventuresandwhollyforeign-ownedenterprises(hereinafterreferredtoas“enterpriseswithforeigninvestment”)applytoreorganizethemselvesintoacompany,theenterpriseswithforeigninvestmentshallhavearecordofmakingprofitsfortherecentthreeconsecutiveyears.注释：(1)existingChinese-foreignequityjointventures：已设立的中外合资经营企业，即现有的中外合资经营企业(2)Chinese-foreigncooperativejointventure：中外合作经营企业(3)whollyforeign-ownedenterprises：外资企业(4)hereinafterreferredtoas“enterpriseswithforeigninvestment”：以下简称外商投资企业(5)shallhavearecordofmakingprofits：应有盈利纪录参考译文：已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下称为外商投资企业），如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利纪录。例4Toapplyfortheestablishmentofaninvestmentcompany,theinvestorshallsubmitthefollowingdocumentstotheMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation(hereinafterreferredtoasMOFTEC)forexaminationandapprovalaftertheexaminationandconsentobtainedfromtheforeigntradeandeconomiccooperationauthoritiesoftherelatedprovince,autonomousregion,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentorthemunicipalitiesspecifically(separately)listedintheStateEconomicPlaninwhichtheinvestmentcompanyistobelocated.注释：（1）theMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation(hereinafterreferredtoasMOFTEC)：对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）（2）theforeigntradeandeconomiccooperationauthorities：外经贸部门（3）municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment：直辖市（4）themunicipalitiesspecifically(separately)listedintheStateEconomicPlan：计划单列市参考译文：申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。例5TheseRegulationsareformulatedandpreparedinaccordancewiththeCompanyLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(hereinafterreferredtoastheCompanyLaw)inordertoaffirmthequalificationsofenterpriselegalpersonsofcompaniesandstandardizetheregistrationactivitiesofcompanies.注释：（1）theseRegulationsareformulatedandprepared：制定本条例prepare：制定（2）theCompanyLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina：《中华人民共和国公司法》（3）hereinafterreferredtoastheCompanyLaw：以下简称《公司法》（4）toaffirmthequalificationsofenterpriselegalpersonsofcompanies：确认公司的企业法人资格（5）standardizetheregistrationactivitiesofcompanies：规范公司登记行为参考译文：为了确认公司的企业法人资格，规范公司登记行为，依据《中华人民共和国公司法》（以下简称《公司法》），制定本条例。例6Inordertofurtherexpandinternationaleconomicco-operationandtechnologicalexchange,toabsorbforeigninvestmentandtopromotethedevelopmentofsocialistmarketeconomy,foreigncompanies,enterprisesandothereconomicorganizationsorindividuals(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignshareholders)andChinesecompanies,enterprisesandothereconomicorganizations(hereinafterreferredtoasChineseshareholders)may,withintheterritoryofChina,ontheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefit,incorporatethemselvesintoacompanylimitedbyshareswithforeigninvestment(hereinafterreferredtoastheCompany).注释：（1）tofurtherexpandinternationaleconomicco-operationandtechnologicalexchange：进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流（2）toabsorbforeigninvestment：引进外资（3）topromotethedevelopmentofsocialistmarketeconomy：促进社会主义市场经济的发展（4）hereinafterreferredtoasforeignshareholders：以下简称外国股东foreignshareholders：外国股东（5）hereinafterreferredtoasChineseshareholders：以下简称中国股东（6）withintheterritoryofChina：在中国境内（7）acompanylimitedbyshareswithforeigninvestment：外商投资股份有限公司参考译文：为进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流，引进外资，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，外国的公司、企业和其他经济组织或个人（以下简称外国股东），按照平等互利的原则，可与中国的公司、企业或其他经济组织（以下简称中国股东）在中国境内共同举办外商投资股份有限公司（以下简称公司）。例7InordertopromoteforeigninvestmentinChinaandtointroduceforeignadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertise,foreigninvestorsarepermittedtoestablishinvestmentcompanies(hereinafterreferredtoas“investmentcompany”)inChinainaccordancewiththeChineselawsandregulationsgoverningforeigninvestmentandtheseRegulations.注释：（1）tointroduceforeignadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertise：引进国外先进技术和管理经验（2）toestablishinvestmentcompany：设立投资公司（3）hereinafterreferredtoas“investmentcompany”：以下简称投资公司（4）theChineselawsandregulationsgoverningforeigninvestment：中国有关外国投资的法律、法规参考译文：为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资公司（以下简称投资公司）。例8TheseDetailedRulesshallapplytotheresidentrepresentativeofficessetupwithintheterritoryofthePeople’sRepublicofChinabyforeigntraders,manufacturers,shippingagents,contractors,consultantcompanies,advertisingagencies,investmentcompanies,leasingcompaniesandothereconomicentities(hereinaftercalled“foreignenterprises”).注释：（1）theseDetailedRules：本实施细则（2）apply（to）：vi.适用于MoreExamples：Therulesofsafedrivingapplytoeveryone./Thatappliestoatleastnine-tenthsofthepeopleweseeabout./Thatargumentdoesnotapplyinthiscase./Thecommentappliesequallyhere.（3）theresidentrepresentativeoffices：常驻代表机构（4）shippingagents：货运代理商（5）consultantcompany：咨询公司（6）advertisingagency：广告公司（7）leasingcompany：租赁公司（8）hereinaftercalled“foreignenterprises”：以下简称外国企业参考译文：本实施细则适用于外国贸易商、制造厂商、货运代理商、承包商、咨询公司、广告公司、投资公司、租赁公司和其他经济贸易组织（以下简称外国企业）在中华人民共和国境内设立的常驻代表机构。例9AforeignenterpriseapplyingfortheestablishmentofitsresidentrepresentativeofficeintheterritoryofthePeople’sRepublicofChinashall,uponapprovalandconsentbytheMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperationoritsauthorizedCommissionsforForeignTradeandEconomicRelations(hereinaftercalledthe“Examination-ApprovalAuthorities)oftheprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentandthemunicipalitiesspecifically(separately)listedintheStateEconomicPlan,registerwiththeStateAdministrationforIndustryandCommerceoritsauthorizedAdministrationsforIndustryandCommerce(hereinaftercalledthe“registrationauthorities)oftheprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentandthemunicipalitiesspecifically(separately)listedintheStateEconomicPlan.注释：（1）itsauthorizedCommissionsforForeignTradeandEconomicRelations：其授权的对外经济贸易委员会（2）hereinaftercalledthe“Examination-ApprovalAuthorities：以下简称审批机关Examination-ApprovalAuthorities：审批机关（3）registerwith：办理登记手续（4）theStateAdministrationforIndustryandCommerce：国家工商行政管理局（5）itsauthorizedAdministrationsforIndustryandCommerce：其授权的（各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市）工商行政管理局参考译文：外国企业申请在中华人民共和国境内成立常设代表机构，应经对外贸易经济合作部或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市对外经济贸易委员会（厅）（以下简称审批机关）批准，并在中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记机关）办理登记手续。六therein英文释义:inthat;inthatparticular;inthatrespect中文译词:在那里；在那点上，在那方面用法:在表示上文已提及的“合同中的……，工程中的……”等时使用。例如表示“修补工程中的缺陷”：“theremedyingofanydefectstherein”，此处therein表示“intheWorks”；表示“用于工程中的材料或机械设备”：“materialsorplantforincorporationtherein”，这里的therein表示“intheWorks”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。例1“TemporaryWorks”meansalltemporaryworksofeverykind(otherthantheContractor’sEquipment)requiredinorabouttheexecutionandcompletionoftheWorksandtheremedyingofanydefectstherein.注释：(1)TemporaryWorks：临时工程，是指为永久工程服务的工程，永久工程建成后应予以拆除。建造临时工程的费用，按国际FIDIC合同条件规定，应由承包人负责。(2)Defects：缺陷，表示工程施工出现的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，即工程本身存在的问题，而不是因业主使用不当造成的。(3)theexecutionandcompletionoftheWorksandtheremedyingofanydefectstherein：工程施工、竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷。建造一项工程一般分成两个阶段进行，工程设计、施工、竣工为第一阶段，修补工程中任何缺陷为第二阶段，因此此句中的第一个and是对的，表示建造工程的两个阶段。参考译文：临时工程是指在工程施工、竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷时需要或与上述工程阶段有关的所有各种临时工程，但承包人的设备除外。例2Thecontractorshallnot,withoutthepriorconsentoftheEmployer,assigntheContractoranypartthereof,oranybenefitorinterestthereinorthereunder,otherwisethanby:注释：（1）thepriorconsentoftheEmployer：业主的事先同意  注意：consent只有单数形式，表示同意（2）assign：转让（3）therein：inthecontract；thereunder：underthecontract（4）otherwisethanby：但下列情况除外。也可写成：unlessotherwisespecifiedinthefollowingcircumstances:参考译文：没有业主的事先同意，承包人不得将合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好处进行转让，但下列情况除外：例3ThisNotemeanstheNotementionedintheLoanAgreementandisentitledtoallthebenefitsprovidedtherein.Thisreferstotherightsandobligationsthereinofadvancepayments,defaultandaccelerationofthematurityintheeventofdefault.注释：（1）Note：期票，即借据，票据（2）loanagreement：贷款协议（3）beentitledtoallthebenefits：享有（贷款协议规定的）全部利益（4）advancepayment：预付（5）default：违约（6）intheeventofdefault：因违约参考译文：本期票是贷款协议中所指的期票，享有贷款协议规定的全部利益，是指贷款协议中规定的预付、违约及因违约提前到期的权利和义务。例4AcertificateoftheBorrowershall,substantially,complywiththeformsetforthinAppendix4,andtheattachmentsspecifiedtherein.注释：（1）acertificateoftheborrower：借款人说明书（2）complywith：遵照（3）theattachmentsspecifiedtherein：附录4规定的附件therein：inAppendix4参考译文：借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。例5If,atanytime,anexemptionshallbeobtainedfromanysuchpresentorfuturetaxesofanynaturewhatsoeverimposedbylocalauthoritiesoranypoliticalsubdivisionortaxingauthoritiesthereoforthereinasshall,undertheContract,bedueinrespectofanypaymentorpayments,theBorrowershallpromptlydelivertotheAgentacopyofthecertifieddocumentsevidencingtheexemptioninquestion.注释：（1）exemption：免征税款（2）localauthorities：地方当局（3）anypoliticalsubdivision：任何下属政府分支机构（4）taxingauthoritiesthereofortherein：地方当局的税收当局therein：inlocalauthorities（5）undertheContract：根据合同规定（6）shallbedue：应予以征收的（7）thecertifieddocumentsevidencingtheexemptioninquestion：证明上述免税文件inquestion：上述参考译文：任何时候，如果由当地或其任何政府分支机构或税收当局，对任何根据合同规定所支付费用应予以征收的税款，不论什么性质，现在或将来，凡可以免征的，借款人应及时向代理行递交一份证明上述免税文件的副本。例6WhereenterpriseswithforeigninvestmentwereregisteredwiththeStateAdministrationforIndustryandCommercebeforethepromulgationoftheIncomeTaxLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaforEnterpriseswithForeignInvestmentandForeignEnterprises(hereinaftercalledtheTaxLaw),theenterpriseinquestionshallpayincometaxattheratesprovidedfortherein.注释：（1）theIncomeTaxLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaforEnterpriseswithForeignInvestmentandForeignEnterprises：中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法。（2）attheratesprovidedfortherein：按税法规定的税率therein：intheTaxLaw参考译文：在《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》（以下简称税法）公布前已经办理工商登记的外商投资企业，该企业应按税法规定的税率缴纳所得税。例7WheretheBorrowerhasfullpowerandauthoritytoenterintothisAgreement,tomaketheborrowings,toexecuteanddelivertheNoteandtoincurtheobligationsprovidedforinthisAgreementandtherein,alltheactionsinquestionshall,properlyandnecessarily,beauthorizedbylegalpersons.注释：（1）theBorrower：借款人（2）tomaketheborrowings：借贷资金（3）toexecuteanddelivertheNote：签署票据（4）toincurtheobligationsprovidedforinthisAgreementandtherein：承担由此产生的义务therein：intheNote（5）alltheactionsinquestion：上述全部行为（6）legalperson：法人参考译文：借款人有充分的权力订立本协议，借贷资金、签署票据并承担由此而产生的义务，上述全部行为均应经法人适当和必需的授权。例8TheLeaseeshall,athisownexpense,keepthecommodityingoodcondition.ProvidedthattheLeasorshallberesponsibleforthebreakdownofthecommodityandtheLeaseemayhavetherighttolodgeclaimsagainsttheLeasorforanylossesoccurredtherein.注释：（1）leasee：承租人（2）keepthecommodityingoodcondition：维持商品的良好状况（3）providedthat：除非，表示进一步规定（4）leasor：出租人（5）tolodgeclaimsagainsttheLeasor：向出租人提出赔偿（6）anylossesoccurredtherein：因此所遭受的损失therein：intheabove-mentionedmatters指出租商品出现的故障参考译文：承租人必须自负费用维持商品的良好状况；除非由出租人对商品的故障负责，承租人则有权向出租人提出赔偿因之所遭受的损失。例9Whendocumentsotherthantransportdocuments,insurancedocumentsandcommercialinvoicesarerequired,thecreditshallprovideforthefollowingitems,suchas,thepersons(drawers)bywhomthedocumentsinquestionaretobeissuedandthewordingthereinordatacontentthereof.Ifthecreditfailstosostipulate,andthedatacontentinthedocumentspresentedmakesitpossibletorelatetothegoodsand/orservicesreferredtointhecredit,bankswillacceptsuchdocumentsaspresented.注释：（1）documents：shippingdocuments货运单据（2）transportdocuments：运输单据（3）insurancedocuments：insurancepolicies保险单据（4）commercialinvoice：商业发票（5）thecredit：theletterofcredit信用证（6）drawer：出单人（7）thewordingtherein：thewordinginthedocuments其措辞（8）datacontentthereof：datacontentofthedocuments项目内容（9）referredtointhecredit：信用证中所述的参考译文：当信用证要求运输单据、保险单据和商业发票以外的单据时，信用证应规定该单据的出单人及其措辞或项目内容。如信用证虽无此规定，但提交的单据的项目内容可能证实与信用证中所述的货物及/或服务有关联，则银行将予接受。例10IfanylossordamagehappenstotheWorks,oranypartthereof,ormaterialsorPlantforincorporationtherein,duringtheperiodforwhichtheContractorisresponsibleforthecarethereof,fromanycausewhatsoever,otherthantherisksdefinedinSub-Clause20.4,theContractorshall,athisowncost,rectifysuchlossordamagesothatthePermanentWorksconformineveryrespectwiththeprovisionsoftheContracttothesatisfactionoftheEngineer.注释：（1）lossordamage：损失与损坏注：loss与damage同义，同义词连用是合同文件语言特点之一。（2）anypartthereof：anypartoftheWorks工程中的任何一部分thereof：oftheWorks（3）forincorporationtherein：usedintheWorks用于工程中的forincorporationin：usedin应译成“用于（工程）中”，而不能译成“进入工程”therein：intheWorks工程中（4）atone’sowncost：自费（5）rectify：弥补，纠正（6）PermanentWorks：永久工程（7）tothesatisfactionoftheEngineer：达到工程师满意的程度参考译文：在承包人负责照管工程期间，如果工程或其任何部分或材料或用于工程中的设备，除第20.4款所规定的风险外，不管由于任何原因而遭受损失或损坏，承包人应自费弥补此类损失或损坏，以使永久工程在各方面均符合合同的规定，并达到工程师满意的程度。七.thereof英文释义:ofthat,ofit中文译词:由此,其用法:在表示已提及的“人或事的……”时，为避免重复，可使用该词，比如表示“合同条件、条款”时，可译为“theterms,conditionsandprovisionsthereof”，此处的thereof表示“oftheContract”；表示“工程任何部分”，可译为“anypartsthereof”，这里的thereof表示“oftheWorks”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。例1：WhentheBuyerisentitledtodeterminethetimewithinaspecifiedperiodand/ortheplaceoftakingdelivery,theBuyerinquestionshallgivetheSellerthenoticethereof.注释：（1）beentitledtodetermine：有权确定（2）thetimewithinaspecifiedperiodand/ortheplaceoftakingdelivery：提取货物的时间和/或地点（3）thenoticethereof：有关这方面的通知thereof：oftheabove-mentionedmatters,thatis,thetimeandtheplaceoftakingdelivery.参考译文：买方有权确定在规定期限内提取货物的时间和/或地点时，应给卖方有关这方面的通知。例2Thecollectionoftaxorthecessationthereof,thereduction,exemptionandrefundoftaxaswellasthepaymentoftaxunpaidshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftherelevantlaw,beimplemented.ProvidedthatiftheStateCouncilisauthorizedbythelawtoformulateandpreparetherelevantprovisionsoftheregulations,theprovisionsinquestionshallbeimplementedandcompliedwith.注释：（1）thecollectionoftax：税收的开征（2）thecessationthereof：税收的停征thereof：oftax（3）thereduction,exemptionandrefundoftaxaswellasthepaymentoftaxunpaid：减税、免税、退税、补税（4）theStateCouncil：国务院（5）toformulateandpreparetherelevantprovisionsoftheregulations：制定的行政法规规定prepare：制定参考译文：税收的开征、停征以及减税、免税、退税、补税，依照法律的规定执行；法律授权国务院规定的，依照国务院制定的行政法规的规定执行。例3ThePartyapplyingforarbitrationshallsubmittoanarbitrationcommissionthearbitrationagreement,theapplicationforarbitrationandthecopiesthereof.注释：（1）thePartyapplyingforarbitration：当事人申请仲裁（是指申请仲裁的当事人）（2）arbitrationcommission：仲裁委员会（3）arbitrationagreement：仲裁协议（4）applicationforarbitration：仲裁申请书（5）thecopiesthereof：thecopiesoftheapplicationforarbitration仲裁申请书副本参考译文：当事人申请仲裁，应当向仲裁委员会递交仲裁协议、仲裁申请书及副本。例4“TestsonCompletion”meanssuchtestsspecifiedintheContractorotherwiseagreedbyandbetweentheEngineerandtheContractorasshallbemadebytheContractorbeforetheEmployertakesovertheWorksoranysectionorpartthereof.注释：（1）TestsonCompletion：竣工检验（2）otherwiseagreed：另行商定（3）EmployertakesovertheWorks：业主接收工程（4）anysectionorpartthereof：工程任何部分、区段thereof：oftheWorks参考译文：竣工检验指合同规定的或由工程师与承包人另行商定的检验。这些检验是由承包人在业主接收工程或工程任何部分、区段之前进行的。例5Thecollectionordershallgivespecificinstructionsregardingtheprotest(orshalltakeotherlegalprocessinlieuthereof),intheeventofnon-acceptanceornon-payment.Intheabsenceofsuchspecificinstructions,thebanksconcernedwiththecollectionshallhavenoobligationtoprovidetheprotest(ortotakeotherlegalprocessinlieuthereof)whenthebanksinquestionexperiencenon-acceptanceandnon-payment.Anychargesand/orexpensesincurredbythebanksinconnectionwithsuchprotestorotherlegalprocessshallbebornebytheprincipal.注释：（1）thecollectionorder：托收指示（2）theprotest：拒绝证书（3）inlieuthereof：代替拒绝证书thereof：oftheprotest（4）non-acceptanceornon-payment：拒绝承兑或拒绝付款（5）thebanksconcernedwiththecollection：与托收有关的各银行（6）experiencenon-acceptanceandnon-payment：遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付款（7）theprincipal：委托人参考译文：托收指示应对于在遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付款时，是否需要作出拒绝证书（或采取其它替代法律手续）给予特别指示。如无此项特别指示，与托收有关的各银行在遭到拒绝付款或拒绝承兑时，并无义务作出拒绝证书（或采取其它替代法律手续）。银行由于作出拒绝证书或采取其它法律手续而发生的手续费或费用概由委托人负担。例6IftheSellermakesthespecificationhimself,heshallinformtheBuyerofthedetailsthereofandshalldetermineareasonabletimewithinwhichtheBuyermaymakeadifferentspecification.If,afterreceiptofthecommunicationinquestion,theBuyerfailstodosowithinthetimesodetermined,thespecificationmadebytheSellershallbebinding.注释:（1）makesthespecification：订明规格（2）thedetailsthereof：thedetailsofthespecification规格的细节（3）thecommunicationinquestion：该通知（4）shallbebinding：应具有约束力参考译文：如果卖方自己制订规格，他必须将所制订的规格的细节通知买方，而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内制订出不同的规格。如果买方在收到该通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，则卖方所订的规格应具有约束力。例7ThisLawshallapplytolimitedliabilitycompanieswithforeigninvestment.UnlessotherwisespecifiedbythelawsonSino-foreignequityjointventureenterprises,Sino-foreignco-operativejointventureenterprisesandwhollyforeign-ownedenterprises,theprovisionsthereofshallapplytothem.注释：（1）applyto(sb.)：适用（2）limitedliabilitycompanieswithforeigninvestment：外商投资的有限责任公司（3）Sino-foreignequityjointventureenterprise：中外合资经营企业（4）Sino-foreignco-operativejointventureenterprise：中外合作经营企业（5）whollyforeign-ownedenterprise：外资企业参考译文：外商投资的有限责任公司适用本法，有关中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业的法律另有规定的，适用其规定。例8“TimeforCompletion”meanssuchtimeforcompletingtheexecutionoftheWorksandpassingtheTestsonCompletionoftheWorksoranySectionorpartthereofasisspecifiedintheContractfromtheCommencementDate.注释：（1）timeforcompletion：竣工时间（2）theexecutionoftheWorks：施工（3）anySectionorpartthereof：工程的任何部分或区段，thereof：oftheWorks参考译文：竣工时间是指合同规定从工程开工日期算起到工程或其任何部分或区段施工结束并且通过竣工检验的时间。例9TheEmployershall,priortothesubmissionbytheContractoroftheTender,havemadeavailabletotheContractor,suchdataonhydrologicalandsubsurfaceconditionsashavebeenobtainedbytheEmployerortheRepresentativeonbehalfoftheEmployerfromtheinvestigationsintotheWorksprovidedthattheContractorshallberesponsibleforhisowninterpretationthereof.注释：（1）makeavailabletotheContractor….：向承包人提供……（2）dataonhydrologicalandsubsurfaceconditions：水文地质资料（3）hisowninterpretationthereof：自己对上述资料的解释thereof：ofthedata参考译文：在承包人提交投标书之前，业主应向承包人提供由业主或业主代表根据对该项工程的勘察所取得的水文地质资料，但是承包人应对他自己对上述资料的解释负责。例10IfthisAgreementisterminatedforanyreasonwhatsoever,allsuchdrawings,transparencies,specifications,andanyothermanufacturingorengineeringinformationasaresuppliedbyPartyA,includingallthecopiesthereof,shallbereturnedtoPartyA,andPartyBshallceasetomanufacturethesaidLicensedProductsorComponents,orpartsoftheLicensedProducts.注释：（1）thisAgreementisterminated：本协议终止（2）transparency：图片（3）specifications：规格（4）anyothermanufacturingorengineeringinformation：其它全部生产和操作资料（5）thesaidLicensedProducts：上述许可证产品参考译文：如本协议因任何理由而终止，所有由甲方提供的图纸、图片、规格以及其它全部生产和操作资料，包括全部复制品，均返还甲方，同时，乙方应停止生产上述许可证产品、或部件、或零件。八.thereafter,thereto,therewith,therefor,thereunder1)thereafter:afterthat此后；之后2）thereto:tothat随附；附之3）therewith:withthat与此；与之4）therefor:forthat因之；为此5）thereunder:underthat在其下；依照用法:本节提及的各词，其用法与上面七节谈及的一样，主要强调的是“that”。如果强调的是“this”，则要用hereafter,hereto,herewith和hereof等。语法：紧接所修饰词之后。例1：Thedecisionandawardofthearbitrationtribunalshallbefinal,andthejudgmentonthedecisionandawardinquestionmay,undertherequestofeitherpartytotheContract,bemadebyanycourthavingjurisdiction.Thepartiestheretoshall,ingoodfaith,complywiththedecisionandawardofthearbitrationtribunal.注释：（1）  decisionandawardofthearbitrationtribunal：仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决（2）  thejudgment：司法判决（3）  anycourthavingjurisdiction：有管辖权的法院jurisdiction：管辖权（4）  thepartiesthereto：合同双方thereto：totheContract（5）  ingoodfaith：以良好诚信的态度参考译文：仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决是终局的，任何一方可以要求任何有管辖权的法院对此作出司法判决。双方须以良好诚信的态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。例2：\"PatentedTechnology”meanssuchletterspatent,andapplicationthereforeasarepresentlyownedoracquiredinthefuturebyPartyBand/orasPartyBhasormayhavetherighttocontrolorgrantlicensethereofduringtheeffectiveperiodofthisContractinanyorallcountriesoftheworld,andasareapplicabletoormaybeusedinthemanufactureofthisContractProducts.注释：（1）  patentedtechnology：专利技术（2）  letterspatent：专利证，专利（3）  applicationtherefore：专利申请（4）  grantlicensethereof：许可转让（5）  duringtheeffectiveperiodofthisContract：本合同有效期间（6）  areapplicabletoormaybeusedinthemanufactureofthisContractProducts：适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品参考译文：“专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的和/或有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品的专利和专利申请。例3：“ContractProducts”meanstheproductsspecifiedinAppendix2tothisContract,togetherwithallimprovementsandmodificationsthereofordevelopmentswithrespectthereto.注释：（1）  ContractProducts：合同产品（2）  Appendix2tothisContract：本合同附件2（3）  togetherwithallimprovementsandmodificationsthereofordevelopmentswithrespectthereto：及其改进发展的产品thereof：oftheContractProducts；thereto：totheContractProducts参考译文：“合同产品”，系指本合同附件2中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。例4：“Specifications”meansthespecificationsoftheWorksincludedintheContractandsuchanymodificationthereoforadditiontheretoasaremadeunderClause95orasaresubmittedbytheContractorandapprovedbytheEngineer.注释：（1）  specifications：规范（2）  anymodificationthereoforadditionthereto：对规范的任何修改或增补thereof：oftheSpecifications；thereto：totheSpecifications（3）  underClause95：根据第95条规定参考译文：规范是指合同中包括的工程规范，以及根据第95条规定的或由承包商提出并经工程师批准的对规范的任何修改或增补。例5：TheDefectsLiabilityCertificatefortheWorksshall,within28daysaftertheexpirationoftheDefectsLiabilityPeriod,beissuedbytheEngineer,or,ifdifferentdefectsliabilityperiodsbecomeapplicabletodifferentSectionorpartsofthePermanentWorks,theexpirationofthelatestsuchperiod,orif,pursuanttoClause82,anyworksinstructedarecompletedtothesatisfactionoftheEngineer,theDefectsLiabilityCertificatethereforshallbeissuedbytheEngineerassoonaspossible.注释：（1）  theDefectsLiabilityCertificate：缺陷责任证书（2）  theexpirationoftheDefectsLiabilityPeriod：缺陷责任期终止（3）  differentdefectsliabilityperiodsbecomeapplicabletodifferentSectionorpartsofthePermanentWorks：不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分（4）  anyworksinstructed：任何按指示进行的工程参考译文：工程的缺陷责任证书应由工程师在缺陷责任期终止后28天内颁发，或者，如果不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分时，则在最后一个缺陷责任期终止或根据第82条，在任何按指示进行的工程已完成并达到工程师满意之后尽快签发。例6：TheBorrowershallpayfortheaccountoftheBanksacommitmentfeeofonehalfofonepercent(0.5%)perannumontheTotalLoanCommitment.ThecommitmentfeeshallbepaidfromthedateoftheconclusionoftheContract(inclusive)totheearlierdayoftheDisbursementDateandtheTerminationDate(butexcludingthedayinquestion).ThecommitmentfeeshallquarterlybepaidfromthedateinthethirdmonththereaftertotheearlierdayoftheDisbursementDateandtheTerminationDate.注释：（1）  commitmentfee：承诺费，承担费。贷款协议签定生效后，如借款人没有按期使用贷款，需向贷款人支付一定金额的补偿费用——承诺费或承担费。通常在贷款协议中确定一个承诺期。承诺期分为前后两期，前期不收承诺费，后期计收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期已使用全部承诺期金额，则不收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期未使用全部承诺期金额，其余额在后段承诺期使用，则计收承诺费。（2）  theDisbursementDate：贷款发放日（3）  theTerminationDate：贷款终止日（4）  fromthedateinthethirdmonththereafter：从其后第3个月的该日thereafter：aftertheTerminationDate参考译文：借款人每年应支付银行贷款承诺总额0.5%的承诺费。支付时间从签订合同之日起（包括该日在内），到贷款发放日和终止日中较早之日（但不包括该日在内）为止，从其后第3个月的该日起开始按季支付至发放日与终止日中较早之日。例7：Ifoneormoreofthefollowingeventsofdefault(hereinaftercalled“EventofDefault\")occursoroccurorcontinuesorcontinue,theAgentandtheBankshallbeentitledtotheremediesspecifiedinSub-Clause11.2oftheAgreement.(a)TheBorrowerfailstopayanyamountpayablethereunderasandwhensuchamountshallbecomepayable.注释：（1）  eventsofdefault：违约事件（2）  continuesorcontinue：正在继续（3）  theremedies：补救方法（4）  failtopayanyamountpayablethereunder：未能支付根据该协议规定应付的款项thereunder：undertheContract参考译文：如果发生下列一种或一种以上违约事件（以下称违约事件），或该违约事件正在继续，代理行以及各行应行使第11.2款规定的救济方法。（1）借款人未能支付根据该协议规定到期应付的款项。九.whereas释义:consideringthat,鉴于，就......而论（法律用语）用法:常用于合同协议书的开头段落中，以引出合同双方要订立合同的理由或依据。语法：紧接于要修饰词之前，常位于句首。例1：WhereasPartyBhastherightandagreestograntPartyAtherightstouse,manufactureandselltheContractProductsofPatentedTechnology;WhereasPartyAdesirestousethePatentedTechnologyofPartyBtomanufactureandselltheContractProducts;TheRepresentativesauthorizedbythePartiestothisContracthave,throughfriendlynegotiation,agreedtoenterintothisContractundertheterms,conditionsandprovisionsspecifiedasfollows:注释：（1）  whereas：鉴于（2）  tograntPartyAtherightstouse,manufactureandselltheContractProductsofPatentedTechnology：将专利技术的合同产品的使用权、制造权和销售权授予甲方（3）  theRepresentativesauthorizedbythePartiestothisContract：双方授权代表（4）  undertheterms,conditionsandprovisionsspecifiedasfollows：就以下条款参考译文：鉴于乙方有权并同意将专利技术的合同产品的使用权、制造权和销售权授予甲方；鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同的产品；双方授权代表经友好协商，同意就以下条款签订本合同：例2：WhereasPartyApossessesproprietarytechnicalinformationincludingdesigns,techniques,workmanship,formulas,skillsandotherdatausefulinthemanufactureandmarketingofcertainproducts;andWhereasPartyBdesirestoacquiretherightandlicencetousetheabove-mentionedtechnicalassistanceforthepurposeofmanufacturing,usingandsellingsuchproducts;andWhereasPartyBdesirestousethefollowingtrademarksownedbyPartyA.NowTherefore,thepartiesheretodoherebyagreeonthecontentsoftheagreementasfollows:注释：（1）  proprietarytechnicalinformation：专有技术信息（2）  designs,techniques,workmanship,formulas,skillsandotherdata：设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料（3）  therightandlicence：许可权利（4）  technicalassistance：技术协助（5）  trademarks：商标参考译文：鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权；鉴于乙方以生产、使用和销售合同产品为目的，希望获得使用上述协助的许可权利；鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下述商标；双方兹就下列内容达成一致：例3：WhereastheBorrowerproposestoborrowfromtheBanks,andtheBanks,severallybutnotjointly,proposetolendtotheBorrower,anaggregateamountof$50,000,000,thePartiesheretohaveherebymadeandconcludedthisAgreementasfollows:注释：（1）  whereas：鉴于（2）  severallybutnotjointly：分别但不连带地（3）  anaggregateamount：总额（4）  thePartiesheretohaveherebymadeandconcludedthisAgreementasfollows：当事人协议如下参考译文：鉴于借款人提出从银行借款，各银行分别但不连带地向借款人贷款，总额为$50,000,000（5000万美元），当事人协议如下：例4：WhereastheBorrowerhasrequestedtheBanktoextendtotheBorroweratermloanintheprincipalamountofOneMillionUSDollars(US$1,000,000)undertheterms,conditionsandprovisionsofthisAgreement;andWhereastheBankispreparedtomakesuchaloanavailabletotheBorrowerundertheterms,conditionsandprovisionsofthisAgreement;NowTherefore,inconsiderationofthemutualpromisescontainedherein,thePartiesheretodoherebyagreeonthecontentsoftheagreementasfollows:注释：（1）  whereas：鉴于（2）  atermloan：定期贷款（3）  theprincipalamount：本金（4）  undertheterms,conditionsandprovisionsofthisAgreement：根据本协议规定的条件和款项（5）  inconsiderationofthemutualpromises：以双方相互承诺为对价consideration：对价参考译文：鉴于借款人根据本协议规定的条件和款项，已向银行要求向借款人提供一笔本金为100万美元（US$1,000,000）的定期贷款；鉴于银行根据本协议规定的条件和款项，已准备向借款人提供此项定期贷款；据此，以双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致。例5：WhereasPartyAandPartyB,adheringtotheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandthroughfriendlyconsultation,agreetojointlyinvesttoestablishanewjointventurecompanyinChina(hereinafterreferredas“JointVenture”).TheContracthereunderismadeandconcluded.注释：（1）  whereas：鉴于（2）  adheringtotheprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefit：按照平等互利的原则（3）  throughfriendlyconsultation：通过友好协商（4）  jointventurecompany：合资经营公司（5）  hereinafterreferredas：以下称参考译文：鉴于甲方与乙方按照平等互利的原则，经过友好协商，决定共同投资在中国建立合资经营公司（以下称“合资企业”），为此达成如下合同。PAGE2