新目标大学英语1unit1 Language in Use

1.爱上UsefulExpressions2.踏入3.一想到4.不知道5.确定我的专业6.悠久的传统7.寻找一个契机8.昏睡；失去知觉1.fallinlovewith2.setfootin3.atthethoughtof4.havenoidea5.declaremymajor6.time-oldtradition7.findanavenueto8.passoutLookforwordsandphrasesinthetextexpressingtheauthor’sfeelingsandemotions.WordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotionsWordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotionsIwasinthecarwhentheemailpoppedupinmyinboxlettingmeknowIhadgottenintomydreamschool,andIburstintotearsofpurejoy.(Para.1)Morewordsandphrasesexpressingjoy:fullofthejoysofspring,grinfromeartoear,cheerful,joyful,delightful,pleasantHowever,whentheremainingadmissionsdecisionscameout,wordscan’tbegintodescribetheexcitementIfeltwhenIlearnedthatIwasalsoacceptedtoHarvardUniversity.(Para.2)Morewordsandphrasesexpressingexcitement:rejoicewithwildexcitement,burstwithexcitement,thrilling,overwhelmingWordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotionsLookforwordsandphrasesinthetextexpressingtheauthor’sfeelingsandemotions.Idecidedtovisitbothcampusesbeforemakingmyfinaldecision,andtomysurprise,fellinlovewithHarvard.(Para.3)Morewordsandphrasesexpressingsurprise:leaveopen-mouthed,takeone’sbreathaway,unbelievable,shocking,stunningWordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotionsLookforwordsandphrasesinthetextexpressingtheauthor’sfeelingsandemotions.1Wordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotions2“Verb+Noun”collocation3Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegree4Commonlyusedwordsandconstructions5Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjects6UsefulexpressionsLookforwordsandphrasesinthetextexpressingtheauthor’sfeelingsandemotions.IfIeverfeltoverloaded,Ionlyhadtowalkdownthestairstoseemyproctor,orsetupameetingwithmyacademicadviser.(Para.7)Morewordsandphrasesexpressingtiredness:wornout,tired,exhausted,fatigued,over-worked,weariedWordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotionsNow,choosethewordsandphrasesjustlearnedandbrainstormmoreexpressionstodescribethefeelingsyouhavesofarasafreshman.GroupDiscussionReference:excited,sad,tired,interested,curious,confused,nervous,comfortable,athomeWordsandphrasesexpressingfeelingsandemotions1)Lookforcollocationsofverbswith“decision”inParas.2and5ofTextA.“Verb+Noun”collocationThus,IfacedoneofthetoughestdecisionsinchoosingbetweenStanfordandHarvard.(Para.2)Onesemesterlater,IhavetosaythatIhadmadethebestdecisionofmylife.(Para.5)2)Listmoreverbsthatmaycollocatewith“invitation”, “success” and “balance”“Verb+Noun”collocatione.g. IspentthenextfewmonthsimaginingmyselfasaCardinal,andpreparingmyselftoaccepttheirinvitation.(Para. 1).Reference examples:“Verb+Noun”collocation(receive/ decline/ extend) an invitation(obtain/get/reach/attain/gain/enjoy/wish/ secure/ win) a success(keep/ strike/ seek/ maintain/ lose/ change/ affect/ destroy) a balance3)Fillintheblanksintheboxwithverbsthatcollocatewith“decision”,“life”and“problem”inEx.6.“Verb+Noun”collocationreachshapeanalyzeapproveimprovesolveFillintheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswithcollocationsintheboxabove.Makechangeswherenecessary.“Verb+Noun”collocation1)Itwould be sensible for youtodiscussthematterwithyourparents before________adecision.Exercise62)“Thereasonwhywewereunableto______adecisionisthateverybodyhashisorherownopinion,”hesaid.makingreach“Verb+Noun”collocation3)Thesemotivatingand inspiringtalksIlistenedtoonlinedefinitely__________mylife.Exercise64)Loveandfearareoppositeemotionalattitudesthat_______ourlifeinverydifferentways.changedshape5)Festivalsmakeus_______ourlife,beproudofourcustomsandforgetourworkforalittlewhile.enjoy“Verb+Noun”collocationExercise66)Itisunrealistictoexpectthemtobeableto_____theproblemimmediately.solve7)Theteacheraskedthestudentsto_________theproblemandseewhathadgonewrong.8)Youmayactually__________moreproblemswhenusingpublictransport,simplybecauseyouhavelesscontroloverevents.analyzeencounterMajortypesofwordformation2.RootA root,asitsnamesuggests,isa word orwordpartfromwhichotherwordsgrow,usuallythroughtheadditionof prefixes and suffixes.collaboration(workingtogether)(Para.7)Therootofthewordis col,aLatinrootmeaning“together,jointly”.Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreeMajortypesofwordformation3.ConversionAlsoknownaszero-affixation,itinvolvesforminganewwordfromanexistingidenticalone,likeformingtheverbfrequent(Para.12)fromtheexistingadjective.Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreeMajortypesofwordformation4.CompoundingCompoundingisaprocessofwordformationbywhichtwoindependentwordsareputtogethertoformoneword,likefresh+men→freshmen(Para.12)Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreePrefixesarelettersattachedtothebeginningofawordthatusuallychangethemeaning,butnotthepartofspeechoftheword.Theyhelplearnerstorecognizewordsveryquicklyandsmoothourreading.e.g.incredible(Para.11);overloaded(Para.7)PrefixWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreeThisunitfocusesonprefixesofnegationanddegree.Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreein(im,il,ir)-dis-non-un-over-out-under-super-sub-PrefixesofnegationWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreein-(usuallyaddedbeforeadj.)theoppositeof;lackofagivenqualityincompleteim-(beforewordsstartingwith m, pandb)il-(beforewordsstartingwith l)ir-(beforewordsstartingwith r)impossibleillogicirresponsiblePrefixesofnegationWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreedis-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,v.andadj.)un-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,adj.andadv.)non-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,adj.)notortheoppositeofnot;theoppositeofnotdisadvantagedisagreedissimilarunwillingnessunimportantunconsciouslynonsensenon-existentPrefixesofdegreeWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreeover-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,v.,adj.)morethanusual;toomuchoverloadoverwhelmoveranxiousout-(usuallyaddedbeforev.)greater,better,further,longer,etc.outgrowoutnumberPrefixesofdegreeWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreesuper-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,adj.)extremely;moreorbetterthannormalsupermansupernaturalunder-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,v.)lowerinageorrank;notenoughundergraduateunderestimatesub-(usuallyaddedbeforen.,adj.)below;lessthansubstandardsubtropicalWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreeWatchthefollowingmicro-lecturetolearnmoreabout“Prefixesofnegationanddegree”.Studytheprefixesofnegationanddegreeinthetable.Thenfillintheblanksinthesentenceswithwordsformedbymatchingtheprefixeswiththewordsinthebox.Exercise7Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegree1)Idon’tlikehim,anditwouldbe________ofmetopretendotherwise.Exercise72)Whenasked,hesaidhedidn’tknowitwas______torideonthesidewalkthere.3)Thegovernmentwilltakestrongmeasurestopunishtheheartlessproducersoffakeand___________food.dishonestillegalsubstandardWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegree4)Sufferingfroma(n)__________heartbeat,sheimmediatelyaskedhersontosendhertohospital.Exercise75)Thedivershopedto________someofthesecretsoftheseabed.6)Thisargumentsoundsreasonable,butactuallyit’s_________.irregularunlockincorrectWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegreeExercise78)Hetookadvantageofthesummervacationbydoingpart-timeworkina___________.9)______________studentsinthisuniversitywillspendatleastonesemesteroverseastohelpthemdevelopaglobaloutlook.supermarketUndergraduateWordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegree7)Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theoldwillstartto___________theyounginthiscountry.outnumberExercise7Wordformation:prefixesofnegationanddegree10)Don’t___________howmuchyoucangetdoneinaday,becausemanythingstakemoretimethanweexpect.overestimate1)Agiftedlinguist,hewasequallyathomeinFrench,GermanandSpanish.CommonlyusedwordsandconstructionsMoreexamples：他是一位天才的语言学家，同样精通法、德和西班牙多种语言。2)Heisfreewithhismoney.他花钱从不吝啬。3)TherecordhasbeenconsideredsofteversinceitwassetlastJune.自从六月份创造了这个 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 以来，人们一直认为它是很容易被打破的。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingcloseattentiontotherightmeaningandproperChineseexpressionoftheitalicizedwordsorconstructions.CommonlyusedwordsandconstructionsExercise81)CollaborationinstudygroupsisahugepartofsurvivingHarvard’stoughacademicload.(Para.7)CommonlyusedwordsandconstructionsExercise8学习小组合作对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。2)What’sgreataboutHarvardanditssurroundingareaisthateverythingissoaccessible.(Para.12)哈佛及其周边地区值得称道之处是：一切都相当便利。3)Idecidedtovisitbothcampusesbeforemakingmyfinaldecision,andtomysurprise,fellinlovewithHarvard.(Para.3)CommonlyusedwordsandconstructionsExercise8我决定先实地考察一下这两所学校再做最后选择，没想到的是，我竟然喜欢上了哈佛。4)Iappliedasapre-medstudentbutthissemesterhasshownmethattherearevirtuallylimitlessoptionstoexplorebeforedeclaringmymajornextyear.(Para.6)CommonlyusedwordsandconstructionsExercise8我申请的是医学预科，但一个学期下来，我发现在下一年确定专业之前，我实际上有无数的方向可以选择。5)BeingatHarvardcanbeoverwhelming,butthereisnootherplaceI’dratherbe.(Para.13)CommonlyusedwordsandconstructionsExercise8虽然哈佛的学业压力会很大，但我就是宁愿呆在这里。Time，place，oreventnounsusedasthesubjectofasentencewilleithermakethesentencesimplerinstructureormorevividinexpression.Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjects1)Timeusedasthesubjecte.g.Nightfallfoundtheboystillalongwayfromhome.夜幕降临时，那男孩回家还有好长一段路。2)PlaceusedasthesubjectSentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjectsMoreexamples:e.g.Beijinghaswitnessedmanyhistoricevents.北京经历了许多伟大的历史事件。3)Eventnounsusedasthesubjecte.g.Readingthemagazinesputmanynewthoughtsintomyhead．我通过阅读那些杂志了解了许多新观点。Findouttwomoresimilarsentencepatternsfromthetext.Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjects1.Thissemesterhasshownmethattherearevirtuallylimitlessoptionstoexplorebeforedeclaringmymajornextyear.(Para.6)但一个学期下来，我发现在下一年确定专业之前，我实际上有无数的方向可以选择。2.Listeningtothemmakesmekeentostudyabroadinthefuture.(Para.11)听了他们的介绍后，我渴望将来能够出国深造。DifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishsentencepatternswhenthesubjectisatime,placeoraneventnoun.Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjectsWhenstatinganevent,Chinesepreferstoputthetimeandplaceinwhichitoccursasanadverbial,hencerenderingthewholestatementamatter-of-facttone.e.g.Thewantofhisfamilyhadkepthimfromschool,andhehadtoworkasacasuallaborer.他因家境贫寒失学，只好出去打工。English,bycontrast,preferstogivehumanqualitiestotimeand/orplacebyrepresentingthemasthesubjectofasentence.Moreover,conversionofwordclassescanoftenmakeyourtranslationmoreidiomatic.Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjectse.g.Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，悄然无声。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,withtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjects.Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjectsExercise91)众所周知,中国在2003年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。(…theyear2003saw…)Asisknowntoall,theyear2003sawthesuccessfullaunchingofChina’sfirstmannedspaceship.2)时间见证了这所大学悠久的历史、自由的学术风气和充满活力的学生生活。(Timehaswitnessed…)Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjectsExercise9Timehaswitnessedthelonghistory,freeacademicatmosphereandenergeticstudents’lifeoftheuniversity.3)中国在新世纪将发生重大而深远的变化。(Thenewcenturywillsee…)Thenewcenturywillseeasignificantandfar-reachingchangeinChina.4)南京这座古老而美丽的城市见证过许多重大的历史事件。(Nanjingwitnessed…)Sentenceswithtime,placeoreventnounsasthesubjectsExercise9Nanjing,anancientandbeautifulcity,haswitnessedmanygreathistoricevents.5)重游青年时代曾经学习和工作过的地方时，他回忆起许多美好的往事。(Avisit…broughtback…)Avisittotheplaceswherehehadstudiedandworkedduringhisyouthbroughtbackmanyfondmemories.9.弹出UsefulExpressions10.医学预科生11.决意做某事12.在……中央13.想方设法做某事14.紧张的考前一周9.popup10.pre-medstudent11.besetondoing…12.intheheartof13.looktodosth.14.deadweek15.有动力做某事15.havethedrivetodo…