上海静安区高考英语一模试卷

2019年上海市静安区 高考 地理事物空间分布特征语文高考下定义高考日语答题卡模板高考688高频词汇高考文言文120个实词 英语一模试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（10分）Directions：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A．Atabusstation．B．Atagasstation．C．Atamilitarymuseum．D．Atamobilephoneshop．2．（1分）A．3．B．5．C．8．D．11．3．（1分）A．Hehaddifficultygoingtosleepatnight．B．HestayeduplatewatchingTVseries．C．HeproducedanattractiveTVseries．D．Hehadtobuyanewsleepingpillow．4．（1分）A．Thewomanshouldcleanupthecloset．B．Thewomanhasboughttoomanynewclothes．C．Thewomanshouldputonsomeweight．D．Thewomanshouldbuymoreclothes．5．（1分）A．Thesunlightwillbumupthejacket．B．Thebeachistoocold．C．Sheisproudofherdarkskincolor．D．Thesunlightishelpfultoher．6．（1分）A．Manyactivitieswerearrangedinthebookshop．B．Manypeoplewerelisteningtoawriterslecture．C．Thebookshopwaspopularbecauseofthebookresources．D．Peoplewenttothebookshoptogetfreebooks．7．（1分）A．Customerscanpaycash．B．Therearemorevarietiesofgoods．C．Customerscangetabargainprice．D．Customerscanreceivethegoodsfaster．8．（1分）A．Peterisn'tinhishometownhimselfB．Peterisn'ttheirgoodfriend．C．Peterisunlikelytoappeartopickthemup．D．Peterownsanemptyhouseinhishometown．9．（1分）A．Doapart﹣timejoboncampus．B．Borrowmoneyfromthewoman．C．Obtainfinancialassistancefromschool．D．Studyapracticalcaseoncampus．10．（1分）A．Themanhadabadtimeeatingwithhisboss．B．Themanhadastomachacheafterlunch．C．Themanenjoyseatingwithco﹣workers．D．Themanisparticularaboutthefoodheeats．SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoPassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation，youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．Userscanchooseheightrange．B．Userscanimprovetheireyesight．C．UserscanselecttheSPFofthecream．D．Userscangetafullexposuretothecream．（2）A．Thelazinessoftheinventor．B．Theneedsofthehotels．C．Thefundtheinventorobtained．D．Theonlineusagevideo．（3）A．Insertingcoinsintotheequipment．B．Payingcashtotheinventor．C．BuyingSnappyScreencard．D．Payingforthehotelroom．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Hegotamedalforcourage．B．HewouldbecomeaFrenchcitizen．C．Hegotapositioninthefireservice．D．Hereceivedalargesumofmoney．（2）A．Hewasplayingagame．B．Hewassleepinginthebalcony．C．Hewasstayingwithhisfamily．D．Hewasinjured．（3）A．Thebalconywasnotstrongenough．B．Theboy'sfatherlefthimaloneathome．C．Thehousewasonfire．D．Firemenbrokeintothehouse．13．（6分）（1）A．TheoriginofAItechnology．B．ThebadinfluencesAImightbring．C．ThechangesAIbringstohumans．D．ThewaterprooffeatureofAItechnology．（2）A．Toofewpeoplehehasinterviewed．B．TheinferiorAIproductsonthemarket．C．ThelackofresourcesonAItheory．D．Thelackoffundforthestudy．（3）A．Itislocatedinthedowntownarea．B．Ithasprofessionalstaff．C．Itoffersgreatonlineresource．D．Itopenstogeneralpublicfreeofcharge．（4）A．Toprovethattheapplicanthaslegalincome．B．Toguaranteeapplicant'sabilitytopayoverduefine．C．Tousethebankcardasthemembershipcard．D．Topaythemembershipfee．II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）"IlovetheworkandexperienceI'vegained，butIamfrustratedbythedisorganizedmanagement．Also，I'vebeentoldIcan'taskformoremoney．Icangetanewjobwithmorepay，butwill（1）（leave）withinayearhurtmyprofessionalreputation"Theansweris，"itdepends．"Whenwechoosetoleaveanewjobearly，itsendsthemessagethat（2）isterriblywrong，especiallyinthecurrenteconomicclimate（3）unemploymentishigherandpeoplearedyingforjobs．Thatmeansyouwillsomehowlooksuspicious（4）yousayabouttheleave．Sayingtheworkisgreatbutyoudon'tlikemanagementorthepaywon'tgooverwellwithemployers．Tothem，itsoundsabitselfishandneedy．Nodoubt，they（5）（question）yourabilitytobepatientorbeagoodteamplayer．Employersdislikepeoplewhoareunhappyinajobafterlessthanayear．Itimpliesimpatienceandlackofappreciationfortheemployer．Plus，you'regettingpaidtodoworkyouactuallylike，sothey（6）assumethatyoucan'tputupwithalittledisorganization．Andspeakingofpay，mostcompanieswork（7）anannualreviewbasis，sosuddenlyaskingformoremoneydoesn'tworkfortheirbudgets．So，what'sthesolutionFocusonyourdesire（8）（develop）professionally．"It'satoughdecisiontoleavethisgreatcompany．IlovetheworkIamdoing．However，it（9）（make）cleartomethatthereIsnoroomformetogrowmyskillsasaprofessional．MyfearisifIstay，Iwillbecome（10）（competitive）downtheline．IwanttomovetoacompanywhereIcantakemyskillsandabilitiestothenextlevelandcreateevenmorevalueformyemployer．"SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A．combinationB．sheetsC．flexibleD．rejectedE．healF．imitateG．chemicalH．damageI．settingJ．necessarilyK．severeArtificialskinisasubstituteforhumanskinproducedinthelaboratory，typicallyusedtotreatburns．Differenttypesofartificialskindifferintheircomplexity，butallaredesignedto（1）atleastsomeoftheskin'sbasicfunctions，whichincludeprotectingagainstwetnessandinfectionandregulatingbodyheat．Skinisprimarilymadeoftwolayers：theuppermostlayer，theepidermis，whichservesasaprotectionagainsttheenvironment；andthedermis，thelayerbelowtheepidermis．Thedermisalsocontainssubstances，whichhelptomaketheskin（2）andmaintainitsbiologicalfunctions．Artificialskinsclosewounds，whichpreventsbacterialinfectionandwaterlossandinresultthewoundedskincan（3）．Forexample，onecommonlyusedartificialskin，Integra．functionsasasupportbetweencellsthathelpsregulatecellbehaviorandcausesanewdermistoformbypromotingcellgrowthandcollagen（股原质）（4）．TheIntegra"dermis"isalsobiodegradable（可生物降解的）．Itisgraduallyabsorbedandreplacedbythenewdermis．Asidefromitsusesintheclinical（5），artificialskinmayalsobeusedtomodelhumanskinforresearch．Forexample，artificialskinisusedasanalternativeinanimaltesting．Suchtestingmaycause（6）painanddiscomforttotheanimalsanditdoesnot（7）predicttheresponseofhumanskin．SomecompanieslikeL'órealhavealreadyusedartificialskintotestmany（8）ingredientsandproducts．OtherresearchapplicationsincludehowskinisaffectedbyUVexposureandhowcertainsubstancesinsunscreenandmedicinesaretransportedthroughskin．Todaynewtechnologyhasbeendevelopedbygrowing（9）ofskintakenfromthepatientorotherhumans．Onemajorsourceistheforeskinsofnewborns．Suchcellsoftendonotstimulatethebody'simmunesystem﹣amechanismthatallowsbabiestodevelopwithintheirmother'sbody﹣andhencearemuchlesslikelytobe（10）bythepatient'sbody．Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，C，andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（15分）You'vebeenpaintingforafewyears，andmaybeyouhaveevensoldapaintingortwo．Areyoureadyto（1）thetitleofanamateurartistDistinguishinggreenhandfromprofessionalartistsis（2）task．Itisnotjustamatterofyourabilitytocreatenicepaintings．It'snotonlyaboutpaintingtechniques．Andformostcases，itdoesn'thappen（3）．Veryfewartistsbecomeovernightsuccesswithoutyearsofstruggleandsuffering．Toturnprofessional，peoplefinditcriticaltodevelopapersonalstyle．Whatmakesyourpaintings（4）amongotherpaintingsoutthereAreyourpaintingsstandingoutunmistakablydirectedtoyouasthecreatorApersonalstylecomesalongwithtechnique，paintingmedium，andsubjectandittendstodevelopgraduallyovertime．You（5）itthroughunconsciousandconstantexploringandself﹣shaping．Styledoesnotmeanthatyouarepaintingthesamesubjectorusingthesamepaintingmedium．SalvadorDaliusedtousemanyartisticmedia，buttheyallhavea（6）Dalistyle．Stylereferstotheemotionsandthoughtsdeliveredbyyourpaintings，whichpeoplecanidentifywith．Their（7）ofthepainteristhenasurething．Artiststalkabouttheir（8）allofthetime．WhatgetsyououtofbedeverymorningtopaintHowdoyoufindtheenergytohaveallyourtimedevotedtopainting（9），wealllovetodowhatwedoandwegetasatisfactionoutofcreating．Fortheprofessionalartist，itgoesbeyondthat．Someartistswishtoconveyadeepmessageconcerninglife，societyorevenpolitics．Otherssimplyseek（10）returnstocoverkids'tuitionfeesorpayfamilybills．Yet，allprofessionalartistsknowthattheyhavetokeepworkingtoachievethegoals．Manyamateurartistspassivelywaitfor（11）tocome．Iftheyarenotinthemood，theydonotbotherwastingthetime．Theysometimesallowthemselvestobeoccupiedbyeventslikeparties．Professionalsarenevereasily（12）ortornawayfromtheirartworkinprogress．Focusedontheirworksomuch，someevenregardspendingtimeoutsidetheir（13）ascrime（14）istheirsecrettohighproductivity．Besides，professionalartistsareconstantlypreparedtograbnewideasforthenextpainting，whichtheybelieveissuretobebetterthanthepreviousone．Thebeliefthatthereisalwaysroomfor（15）keepsdrivingthemforwardintheartworldwheremanymastershavecomealong．（1）A．stepbeyondB．turnoffC．seethroughD．makeup（2）A．rewardingB．trickyC．formalD．temporary（3）A．individuallyB．thoroughlyC．instantlyD．sincerely（4）A．uniqueB．superiorC．practicalD．reliable（5）A．acquireB．transferC．imitateD．analyze（6）A．recentB．distinctC．modestD．logical（7）A．preservationB．employmentC．adaptionD．recognition（8）A．backgroundB．significanceC．motivationD．routine（9）A．TosumupB．IncontrastC．InadditionD．Ingeneral（10）A．academicB．globalC．financialD．original（11）A．inspirationB．fameC．guidanceD．solution（12）A．offendedB．dominatedC．distractedD．rewarded（13）A．studioB．bedroomC．garageD．garden（14）A．ReflectionB．DevotionC．CreativityD．Illustration（15）A．negotiationB．profitC．criticismD．improvementSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（8分）Iboardedasmallplanetogetherwithmysisterand42otherpassengers．Whileflyingoverthemountains，theplaneencounteredviolentairflow．Losingcontrolsuddenly，ithitanunknownmountainpeak．Theimpactofthecrashclaimedthelivesofafewpassengersimmediately，leavingmanyinjuredincludingmysister．Addingaslightchanceofbeingfoundout，wewaitedintheopen，asopposedtowaitingintheplane，eventhoughitwasfreezingcold．Atnight，wesleptsidebysidetokeepourselveswarmandmeltedsnowintowater．Weknewourfoodcouldn'tlastuslong，stickingtothehopethatwewouldberescuedsoon．Weknewfromradiothattheoutsideworldwastryingtolookforthemissingaircraft．However，theaircraftwaswhiteandblendedinwiththesnow，makingitimpossibletobeseenfromthesky．Later，ourhopewasdeadwhenwefoundoutviaourradiothattherescueeffortended．Nowclimbingoverthemountainsourselvestosearchforhelpseemedtobeouronlychanceofsurvival．Althoughthecrashsitewasanawfulplace，withurine（尿）everywhereandsmellingofdeath，Istillwishedtostaythere．Butmysisterwouldgiveintoherinjuriessoonifwewerenotrescued．Thus，togetherwithtwootherpeople，CanessaandVizintin，Idecidedtowalkthroughtheicywildernessforhelp．Carryingsomefoodandwater，thethreeclimbersstartedourjourney．Ifwehadknownanythingaboutclimbing，wewouldhaverealizedthatwewerealreadyfinished．Themountainwewereabouttochallengewasonewithslopessosteepthatitwouldscareawayateamofexpertclimbers．Ourignoranceprovidedouronlychance．Weenduredexhaustionandstarvationandwehadreachedthetop．Toourhorror，wefoundnothing．Disappointed，wewereabouttogiveuphopewhenIspottedavalleyatthebaseofthemountainandagainwestartedmakingourwaydown．themountainEventually，atthebottomofthemountainwewerehelpedbyalocalfarmerwhocalledthepoliceforhelp．Ithenguidedtherescueteamviaahelicopterto．theFinallycrash，siteafterwehadendurednineteencrueldays，theworldfoundoutthattherewere16survivorshadcheatedwhodeathdespitetheodds．（1）WhydidtheystayoutsidetheplaneA．Becausetheydidn'twanttostaywithdeadpeople．insideB．Becauseit'seasiertoobtainmeltedsnow．forwaterC．Becausetheyhopedtobeseenbytherescue．peopleD．Becauseotherpassengerswereagainststaying．inside（2）WhydidtheauthorleavethecrashsitedespitehiswishtostayA．Becausehecouldgethelpfromtwoexperienced．climbersB．Becausehissistermightdiewithouttimelymedical．helpC．Becausethecrashsitewastooterribleforhim．tostayinD．Becausehewouldliketobetestedbythesteepmountain．slopes（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageA．Rescuepeopledidn'tnoticetheaircraftbecauseofitscolor．atthebeginningB．Thepublicknewwheretheplanecrashedfrom．theradioC．Theauthorgaveuptheclimbhalfwayduetodisappointment．D．Morethanhalfoftheplanepassengerswerefinally．rescued（4）Theunderlinedsentence"hadcheateddeathdespitetheodds"isclosestinmeaning．toA．hadtoldliesaboutdeathinspiteofrealityB．hadavoideddeathinspiteofhugedifficultiesC．hadtreateddeathwithpositiveattitudeD．hadalmostdiedinspiteofstrangeexpectation18．（6分）RubbermaidCommercialStainless（不锈的）SteelOvenMonitoringThermometer（温度计）FGTHO550byRubbermaidCommercialProducts4.3outof5stars2，274customerreviewsPrice：＄7.01Color：MetallicMadeofwearablestainlesssteel，thisoventhermometerisdesignedtoendurethetestofthetoughestprofessionalandhomekitchens．ThescalereadsinbothFahrenheitandCelsius，anditfeaturesclearlymarkedtemperaturedifferencestoaidaccuratereadings．Easytoinstall，thethermometercomesequippedwithaconvenienthanger，soitcanbesuspendedfromanovenrail．Itsself﹣standingdesignalsoallowsittostanduprightonabakingpanintheoven．Easy﹣to﹣ReadDialThisoventhermometermeasuresanddisplaystrueoventemperature，helpingtoensurepreciseresultswhenpreparingfood．DurableStainlessSteelDesignWithitsstainlesssteelconstructionandrock﹣resistantlens，thisthermometerwithstandstoughandrepeateduse．Andwithitslong10﹣yearwarranty，it'ssuretobecomeoneofyourkitchenmainstays．AboutmanufacturerRubbermaidCommercialProducts，headquarteredinWinchester，Va，isamanufacturerofinnovative，solution﹣basedproductsforcommercialandinstitutionalmarketsworldwide．Since1968，RCPhaspioneeredtechnologiesandsystemsolutionsinthecategoriesoffoodprepservices，cleaningmaintenance，wastehandling，materialtransport，andsafetyproductsProductdetails．Productdetails?ProductDimensions：6.1x45x1.5inches；Ipound?DomesticShipping：ItemcanbeshippedwithinU．S?InternationalShipping：ThisitemcanbeshippedtoselectedcountriesoutsideoftheU．S．LearnMore?AmazonBestSellersRank：#1inHomeKitchen＞OvenThermometersspecialoffersandproductpromotions?paywithyourcreditcardoryourAmazon．ComGiftCard．Applynow．（1）WhichofthefollowingfeaturesdoestheproductenjoyAIt'smadeofqualityplasticeasytobebent．B．Itisassistedwithelectronicdialreadingsystem．C．Itcouldbepositionedwithintheovenintwoways．D．Itisresistanttoshakeandpress（2）WhichdescriptionabouttheproductistrueA．Itprovidesunconditionaldomesticandinternationalshopping．B．ItsellsbestinOvenThermometerssectiononAmazonC．Over3000customershavecommentedontheproduct．D．Itcouldbepaidforonlythroughcreditcard．（3）WhichofthefollowingproductsisNOTlikelytobemanufacturedbyRubbermaidCommercialProductsA．DesksidePlasticWastebasket．B．AirtightSnackContainerC．FullPanCarrierD．Over﹣earBassSoundStereoHeadphones19．（8分）Canadaisabilingualcountrywith"co﹣official"languages．EnglishandFrenchenjoyequalstatusastheofficiallanguagesofallfederalgovernmentinstitutionsinCanada．Thismeansthatthepublichastherighttocommunicatewithandreceiveservicesfrom，federal（联邦的）governmentinstitutionsineitherEnglishorFrench．Federalgovernmentemployeeshavetherighttoworkintheofficiallanguageoftheirchoiceindesignatedbilingualregions．LiketheUnitedStates，Canadastartedasacolony．Beginninginthe1500s，itwaspartofNewFrancebutlaterbecameaBritishcolonyaftertheSevenYears'War．Asaresult，theCanadiangovernmentrecognizedthelanguagesofbothcolonizers：FranceandEngland．TheConstitution（宪法）Actof1867enshrinedtheuseofbothlanguagesinParliamentandinfederalcourts．Yearslater，CanadastrengtheneditscommitmenttobilingualismwhenitpassedtheOfficialLanguagesActof1969，whichreaffirmedtheconstitutionaloriginsofitsco﹣officiallanguagesandsetouttheprotectionsaffordedbyitsdual﹣languagestatus．RecognitionofbothEnglishandFrenchprotectstherightsofallCanadians．Amongotherbenefits，the1969ActrecognizedthatCanadiancitizensshouldbeabletoaccessfederallawsandgovernmentdocuments，whethertheirnativelanguagewasFrenchorEnglish．Thegenerallawalsorequiresthatconsumerproductsfeaturebilingualpackagingthroughoutthecountry．TheCanadianfederalgovernmentiscommittedtoadvancingtheequalityofstatusanduseoftheEnglishandFrenchlanguageswithinCanadiansocietyandprovidessupporttothedevelopmentofEnglishandFrenchlinguisticminoritycommunities．However，therealityisthatmostCanadiansspeakEnglish，andofcourse，manyCanadiansspeakanotherlanguageentirely．Althoughthefederalgovernmenttheoreticallyguaranteesbilingualservicesinallareas，therearemanyregionsofCanadawhereEnglishistheclearmajoritylanguage，sothegovernmentdoesnotalwaysofferservicesinFrenchinthoseregions．Canadiansusethephrase"wherenumberswarrant"toindicatewhetheralocalpopulation'slanguageusagerequiresbilingualservicesfromthefederalgovernment．WhilemanyCanadiansarebilingual，theyarenotonlyspeakingEnglishorFrench．StatisticCanadafindsthatmorethan200languagesthatwerenotEnglishorFrench，werereportedasalanguagespokenbyitspeople．Abouttwo﹣thirdsoftherespondentswhospokeoneoftheselanguagesalsospokeeitherEnglishorFrench．（1）TheacceptanceoftwoofficiallanguagesinCanadaisdueto．A．thelanguage﹣usingtraditioncausedbyCanada'scolonialhistory．B．theconvenienceforbusinessdealingsbyusingtwolanguagesinthecountry．C．thewelcomeattitudetowardimmigratesfromallovertheworld．D．themasteryoftwolanguagesofCanadiansbecauseofschooleducation．（2）Inrealitywhetherbilingualserviceprovidedbythefederalgovernmentisnecessaryindifferentdistrictsisdecidedby．A．thelegalorderfromthefederalgovernmentB．thepopularityofthelanguageintheworldC．thenumberofschoolsteachingthelanguageD．thenumberoflocalpeopleusingthelanguage（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageA．EnglishhasgainedsuperiorlegalpositiontoFrenchbecauseofbiggernumberofusersinCanada．B．ThelegalcourtusageofFrenchandEnglishwasestablishedinCanadain1969．C．BothFrenchandEnglishshouldbeusedonproductsinCanadaaccordingtofederallaw．D．CanadianpeoplespeakeitherFrenchorEnglishinsocialcommunication．（4）WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA．TheadvantageofusingmultiplelanguagesinCanadaB．ThehistoryandcurrentsituationoftwolanguageusedinCanadaC．ThedisadvantagedstatusoftheFrenchlanguageusedinCanada．D．Canadians'advancementinbalancingtwolanguagesinbusinessworld．SectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencesgiveninthebox.Eachsentencescanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．（8分）A．Theyareevenbelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness．B．Thecreatureinstantlylosesconsciousnessinhalfasecond．C．Legalprohibitionbecomesthemajorconsiderationforrestaurantswhenchoosingacookingmethod．D．Exceptformoralconsideration，manychefsbelievestressnegativelyaffectstheflavorofthemeat．E．It'sdifficulttoassesspaininotherspeciesbecausewecannotcommunicateaseasily．F．Itbeatstheformermethodbysavingchefs'effortincleaningthecreature．Unitthe1980s，scientistsweretrainedtoignoreanimalpain，accordingtothebeliefthattheabilitytofeelpainwasassociatedonlywithhigherconsciousness．However，today，scientistsviewhumansasaspeciesofanimals，andlargelyacceptthatmanyspeciesarecapableofsomelevelofself﹣awareness．Peoplearecomingtorealizethatotherspeciesmightalsoenjoytheluxuryofemotion．Ifyouslap（掌击）anotherpersonintheface，youcanestimatetheirpainlevelofself﹣awareness．Peoplearecomingtorealizethatotherspeciesmightalsoenjoytheluxuryofemotion．Ifyouslap（击掌）anotherpersonintheface，youcanestimatetheirpainlevelbywhattheydoorsayinresponse，（1）Gradually，scientistshavedevelopedasetofindicatorsofpainresponseinnon﹣humananimals．Demonstratingaresponsetoanegativestimulationanddisplayingprotectivebehaviorofinjuredareasaretwomajorsigns．Buthugedisagreementexists．Forexample，scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobsters（龙虾）feelpain．Someresearchersarguelobstersaretwodissimilartovertebrates（脊椎动物）tofeelpain．Nonetheless，lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardsforapainresponse．Lobstersguardtheirinjuries，andlearntoavoiddangeroussituations．（2）Inresult，todaymostscientistsagreethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain．Duetogrowingevidencethatthelobstersmayfeelpain，itisnowillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemoniceinsomecountries．Currently，boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerlandandNewZealand．Eveninlocationsw