(完整版)高中英语语法省略句

省略句为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）种类例句说明Beautifulday(=Itisabeautiful有时也可省略整个句子的主day),isn’tit?语和谓语，只保留次要成分。主语的省略Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.(ItShewaspoorbut(shewas)isapitywelivesofarfromthesea.)honest.--Didyouknowanything--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoabouttheaccident?upset?谓语的省略--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=I--Losinghernewbicycle(madedidn’knowtanythingaboutitMarysoupset).untilyoutoldme.)Seenfromtheplane(whenitisseenfromtheplane),thehouselookslike注意状语从句中的主语状语从句的省略tinytoys.同主句主语的一致性。If(itis)possible,I’llgotherewithyou.若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定Theboywantedtoridehisbicycle式后含有动词be的结构inthestreet,buthismothertoldhim时，也要保留be动词。notto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthe--Didyoutellhimthestreet.)不定式的省略news?--Alice,whydidn’tyoucome--Ioughttohave(toldhimyesterday?thenews),butIdidn’t--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday),knowhowtospeak.butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.--Areyouanengineer?--No,butIwanttobe.Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。1、when，while引导的时间状语从句e.g.Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句e.g.If(itis)properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited.Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.3、though，although，whether，nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句e.g.Hewashappy,though/although(hewas)poor.Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is),wemustfulfillitintime.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）4、asif，asthough引导的方式状语从句e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though(hewas)wakingupafteralongsleep.Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.（asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作）二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas(Ihaveconfidence)inhim.三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了itis，thatis，thereis/are。e.g.If(itis)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.If(thatis)so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:00pm.Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。e.g.Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch)2、donothingbut，can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略用于避免重复前面所说过的 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’mafraid等连用e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?–Isupposenot.Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?--(Iwant)Threecopies,please.--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?--No,(Ihave)never(beentotheGreatWall).随讲随练1、—Lucy，couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?—____，butIhope"afewminutes"won'tturnintoafewhours.A.Itdoesn'tmatterB.That'skindofyouC.I'mafraidnotD.Iguessso2、—Hey，taxi!—_____—Iwanttogotothedentist's.A.Goodmorning,sir.B.Nicetoseeyou,sir.C.Whereto,sir?D.Whatareyougoingtodo,sir?3、Thedoctorexpresseshisstrongdesirethatthepatient_____immediately.A.beoperatedonB.operatedonC.wasoperatedonD.wouldbeoperatedon4、Whenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad____overtheseatwasgone.A.lefttohangB.lefthangingC.lefthungD.toleavehanging5、LiuXiangspokeslowlytotheSpecialOlympiccompetitorssoastohavethem____.A.understandhimB.tobeunderstoodC.beunderstoodD.tounderstandhim6、—ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinthelibrary?—Thereareonlyafew,____.A.ifanyB.ifhaveC.ifsomeD.ifhas8、—DoesBettyknowwhereherviolinis?—Shesawsomebodywalkingoffwithone,butshedoesn'tknow____.A.whoseB.itC.whomD.which9、—Aren'tyouthemanager?—No,andI____.A.don'twantB.don'twanttoC.don'twanttobeD.don't10、—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—Oh,I'msorry.Thingsaren'tgoingsowellas____.A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.toplan11、—What'sthematterwithyou?—Ididn'tpassthetest,butIstill____.A.hopesoB.hopetoC.hopeitD.hopethat12、Thedoctordidwhathecould___theboy,butinvain.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved13、—Youlookhappytoday,Mary.—IlikemynewdressandMother___,too.A.likesB.doesC.isD.do14、—Whathappenedtotheboy?Hewasmakingsomuchnoise.—Hewantedtoplayfootball,buthismotherwarnedhim____.A.notB.toC.nottoD./15、____foryourbrother,IwouldnothavegonetoseeMr.Wang.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot省略句练习1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷II)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.(NMET2003安徽春)A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee4.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(NMET2003上海卷)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(NMET2003上海春)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited6.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(NMET2002上海春)A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted7.Though________money,hisparentsman-agedtosendhimtouniversity.(NMET2002上海卷)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin8.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun9.—You'realwaysworking.Comeon,let'sgoshopping.—________youeverwanttodoisgoingshopping.(NMET2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)A.AnythingB.SomethingC.AllD.That10.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(NMET2002上海春)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.(NMET2004湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich12.Itiseasytodotherepair.________youneedisahammerandsomenails.(NMET2004天津卷)A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything13.That'sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter________he'sdoneforyou.(NMET2004全国卷)A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that14.Asyou'veneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone________youtheway.(MET1990上海卷)A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed15.—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall,________.(NMET1995)A.IhavenotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeitD.I'dbehappyto16.—DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?—Yes,heintends________.(NMET1998上海卷)A./B.toC.soD.that17.—WouldyouliketogototheGrandTheatrewithmetonight?—________.(NMET1999上海卷)A.Yes,I'dliketogototheGrandTheatreB.I'dliketo,butIhaveanexamtomorrowC.No,Iwon'tD.That'sright18.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.(NMET2000北京春招卷)A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingto19.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(NMET1994上海卷)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will20.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(NMET1995上海卷)A.IfitisnotB.WereC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot21.Iwillknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,norwill________.(NMET2004江苏卷)A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.nooneelse22.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither________anyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.(NMET2004广东卷)A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere23.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!—________.(NMET2004全国卷III)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoIKeys:1—5BCDBA6—10AADCA11—15AACBD16—20BBBBC21—23BCB