(完整版)高中英语状语从句用法详细解析

高中英语状语从句用法详细解析一、定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。二、分类根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句三、时间状语从句（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：as,when(whenever),before,after,assoonas,until(till),since,everytime,once.（二）、“as”as,when,while都有“当⋯⋯的时候”，可以互用Whenshewasachild.Whileshewasachild.SheLivedinParis.Asshewasachild.as有“一边⋯一边”的意思Hesangashewalked.“when”Whentheclockstrucktwelve,allthelightswentout.Iwassleepingwhenshecamein.动补Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.“while”主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。Whilewewerehavingsupper,allthelightswentout.Pleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.WhileIwaswritingletterslastnight,hewaswatchingTV.when,while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在⋯⋯的时候”,while意反而，可是，表示转折。OneeveningBeethovenwaswalkinginastreet,whenhesuddenlystoppedoutsidealittlehouse.并列连词引导并列句，意思是就在那时。（三）、主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时，主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。1.I'llcallyouwhenIgetthere.2.Theysaidtheywouldleavewhentheygotthenew.3.Theyleftassoonastheygotthenew.Whenever无论什么时候，随时1.Wheneversomeonethrowsinsomerubbish,thetruckproducesapieceofmusic.每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐。2.Wheneverwe'reintrouble,theywillhelpus.3.Igotothetheatre,wheneverIamfree.4.Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.你随时来看我。till和until(表示“直到⋯⋯”)句首多用until1、在肯定句中表示“直到⋯⋯为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。Iwaswaitinguntil/tillhearrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到⋯⋯才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before替换。Ididn'tleavetill/untilshecameback.since:主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。ItistwoyearssinceIhavestudiedEnglish.1.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.2.Wehavebeenfriends(eversince)sincewemetatschool.3.Itis⋯⋯(一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。Itistwoyearssincemysistermarried.⋯⋯(一段时间)have/haspassedsince+一般过去时态句子Twosistershave/haspassedsincemysistermarried.Since+时间点1.Ihavebeenathomesincethreeo'clockthisafternoon.2.MariahasbeeninChinasincetwoyearsago.*everytime,eachtime,nexttimeEverytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourbootsonthefloor.EverytimeIcatchcold,Ihavepaininmyback.(everytime分写不可以合写)比较everyday(adj)日常的，普通的everyday是名词短语，每天，天天NexttimeIgothere,Iwillvisitthem.*once一旦⋯就Onceyoubegin,youmustgoon.你一开了头，就应该继续下去。四、地点状语从句地点状语从句用where,wherever引导Weshouldgowherethepeopleneedus.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wherevertheywent,theyreceivedawormwelcome.无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。Shefollowhimwhosehegoes.他无论到哪里她总跟着。五、原因状语从句原因状语从句用because(因为)，since(既然),as(由于)引导1、字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。2、由why提问必须用because回答。Since,as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。3、beforeof+名词Becauseoftherain,wedidn'tgotothepark.4、because和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although,but）Whydidn'thecometoschool?Becausehewasill.SinceImustdie,Imust.既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnaChance.5、for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。Thedaysweshort,foritisDecembernow.*改错Becauseheisillisthereasonwhyhecan'tcome.(Because改为that)六、目的状语从句目的状语从句用so(常用于口语),that,sothat,inorderthat引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词。1.We'llsitnevertothefrontsowecanhearbetter.2.Hestudiedhardsothathemightsucceed.他努力学习，以便成功。3.I'llspeakslowlysothatyoucantakenotes.我慢慢讲，以便你们能做笔记。4.Theyhurriedtothestationinorderthattheycouldcatchthetrain.他们急忙赶往火车站，以便能赶上火车。5.ItookataxisothatIcouldgetthereearlier.6.I'mgoingtothelectureearlysothatImaygetagoodseat.我打算早些去听讲座，以便找个好座位。七、条件状语从句条件状语从句由if,unless,(so)aslongas(只需)引导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）Wewillmissthetrainifyoudon'thurry.Hesaidwewouldmissthetrainifwedidn'thurry.Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.(ifyoudon'tstudyhard)Hewon'tcomeunlessheisinvited.(ifheisn'tinvited)Eatlessfoodunlessyouwanttobecomefatter.(ifyoudon'twanttobecomebetter)Aslongasyouarenotafraidofdifficulties,youaresuretosucceed.Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart,youwillsucceed.八、结果状语从句结果状语从句由such⋯that,so⋯.that,sothat,that引导1.such⋯that的常用句型such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意somany(much,few,little)+名词，suchalotof(或lotsof)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatwealllikeher.Theyweresuchbeautifulflowerthatweboughthome.Itwassuchdeliciousfoodthattheyateitup.2.so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHeissorichthathecanbuylotofthingsforhimself.Heworkssohardthathedideverythingwell.Itwassohotadaythatweallwentswimming.Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.3.sothat,that都可以引导结果状语从句Hedidn'tstudyhard,(so)thathefailedtheexam.4.too⋯to,enough⋯to可以引导结果状语从句与so⋯that替换，so⋯that结构可以用too⋯to替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could)not.Sheisyoungthatshecan'tgotoschool.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Sheisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.九、让步状语从句although,thougheventhough=evenif,whether⋯orhowever=nomatterhowwhatever=nomatterwhatwhoever=nomatterwhowhenever=nomatterwhenwherever=nomatterwhere*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中，二者都可与yet,still连用，但不与but连用Although/Thoughtheyarepoor,theyoftenhelpothers.Theyarepoor,buttheyoftenhelpothers.Althoughhehasfailedmanytimes,hedoesn'tgiveuptrying.Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.Nomatterwhatyousay,Idon'tcare.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherulesofourschool.Howeverhardhetried,hefailedagain.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersoutridingthewaves.十、方式状语从句方式状语从句由as(如同，按照)，asif(though)引导*as和like都有“像”的意思，as是连词，后面连接句子，like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语。Ididtheworkasothersdid.相当于Ididlikeothers.YoumustdoasIdo.asif(though)两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，但实现可能性较大，则用连接词。Itseemsasif/thoughit'sgoingtorain.Theyaretalkingasif/thoughtheywereoldfriends.ShetreatsmeasifIwereherbrother.Whenyouareinhome,doastheRomansdo.例Youmustdo______Itoldyou.A.afterB.beforeC.whereD.as(D)Thestudentsmustdo______theteachertoldthem.A.asB.beforeC.afterD.if(A)十一、比较状语从句比较状语从句由as⋯as,notas(so)⋯as,than,the+比较级，the+比较级引导Heswimsaswellasyou.(do)Hedoesn'tswimaswellasyou(do).Hegothereearlierthanyou.(did)Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1．时间状语从句常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner⋯than,hardly⋯when,scarcely⋯whenIdidn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.2．地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.3．原因状语从句常用引导词：because,since,as,since特殊引导词：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,inasmuchas,insomuchasMyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.4．目的状语从句常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.5．结果状语从句常用引导词：so⋯that,so⋯that,such⋯that,特殊引导词：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.6．条件状语从句常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthatWe’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.7．让步状语从句常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter⋯，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.8．比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：themore⋯themore⋯;justas⋯，so⋯;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no⋯morethan;notAsomuchasBSheisasbad-temperedashermother.Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9．方式状语从句常用引导词：as,asif,how特殊引导词：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.