Unit 5 Bidding and Tendering of Construction Projects

Unit5BiddingandTenderingofConstructionProjectsSection1BiddingProcedureofConstructionProjects(建设项目招标程序）TheimplementingagenciesofborrowingcountriescanuseavarietyofprocurementmethodsonWorldBank-financedprojects.(在世界银行贷款项目中借款国的执行机构可以利用各种的采购方法。)Themethodselecteddependsonanumberoffactorsincludingthetypeofgoodsorservicesbeingprocured,thevalueofthegoodsorservicesbeingprocured,thepotentialinterestofforeignbiddersandeventhecostoftheprocurementprocessitself.(方法的选择取决于很多因素，包括商品或服务采购的类型，商品或服务的价值的外购，外国竞标者的潜在利益乃至整个采购过程本身的成本)Theoverallobjectiveoftheguidelineshowtoselectprocurementmethodsistoallowborrowingcountriestobuyhighqualitygoodsandservicesaseconomicallyaspossible.(如何选择采购方式总体目标的指引是允许借款的国家尽可能经济地购买高质量的商品和服务)IntheWorldBank’sexperience,thisobjectiveisbestachievedthroughtransparent,formalcompetitivebidding.(在世界银行的经验，这个目标的实现最好的方法是通过透明的，正式的竞标。)Fortheprocurementofequipmentandcivilworks,InternationalCompetitiveBidding(ICB)istheprocurementmethodtheWorldBankencourageitsborrowerstouseinthemajorityofcases(对设备及土建工程采购，在大多数情况下世界银行鼓励借款人使用国际竞争性招标（ICB）采购方法。).UnderICB,costistheprimaryfactorindeterminingawinningbid.（在国际上，成本是决定中标的主要因素。）OthermethodsforprocuringgoodsandcivilworksincludeLimitedInternationalBidding,NationalCompetitiveBidding,InternationalShopping,andDirectContracting.(采购产品和土建工程的其他方法包括有限国际招标，国内竞争性招标，国际购物，并直接承包)ThissectionoutlinesthebiddingprocessofInternationalCompetitiveBidding.(本节概述了国际竞争性招标投标过程。)TheobjectiveofInternationalCompetitiveBidding(ICB)istoprovidealleligibleprospectivebidderswithtimelyandadequatenotificationofaBorrower’srequirementsandanequalopportunitytobidfortherequiredgoodsandworks.(国际竞争性招标（ICB）的目的是在于将借款人的要求及时和适当地通知给所有合格的潜在投标人，并为他们提供对所需货物和工程进行投标的平等机会。)Notification（发布招标公告）Timelynotificationofbiddingopportunitiesisessentialincompetitivebidding.ForprojectswhichincludeprocurementonthebasisofICB,theBorrowerisrequiredtoprepareandsubmittotheBankadraftGeneralProcurementNotice.TheBankwillarrangeforitspublicationinDevelopmentBusiness(UNDB).TheNoticeshallcontaininformationconcerningtheBorrower(orprospectiveBorrower),amountandpurposeoftheloan,scopeofprocurementunderICB,andthenameandaddressoftheBorrower’sagencyresponsibleforprocurementandtheaddressoftheWebsitewherespecificprocurementnoticeswillbeposted.Ifknown,thescheduleddateforavailabilityofprequalificationorbiddingdocumentsshouldbeindicated.TheBorrowershallmaintainalistofresponsestothenotice.Therelatedprequalificationbiddingdocuments,asthecasemaybe,shallnotbereleasedtothepublicearlierthaneightweeksafterthedateofpublicationofthenotice.TheGeneralProcurementNoticeshallbeupdatedannuallyforalloutstandingprocurement.及时通知投标的机会，是招标中必不可少的。包括对招标采购基础上的项目，借款人需准备和提交的银行汇票的总采购公告。银行将其发布在发展商业出版物（报）。该通知应包含有关借款人（或潜在的借款人）的信息，贷款金额和用途，在招标采购范围的名称和地址，以及借款人负责采购的机构和网站的地址刊登具体采购通告。如果已知的，预定的资格预审文件或招标文件的可用性日期应注明。借款人应保留一份回应通知。视情况而定所确定的资格预审文件或招标文件不得早于刊登总采购通知之日八周后发放。一般采购通知应为每年所有优秀的采购更新。PrequalificationofBidders（资格预审）Prequalificationisusuallynecessaryforlargeorcomplexwork,orinanyothercircumstancesinwhichthehighcostofpreparingdetailedbidscoulddiscouragecompetition,suchascustom-designedequipment,industrialplant,specializedservices,andcontractstobeletunderturnkey,designandbuild,ormanagementcontracting.Thisalsoensuresthatinvitationstobidareextendedonlytothosewhohaveadequatecapabilitiesandresources.Prequalificationmayalsobeusefultodetermineeligibilityforpreferencefordomesticcontractorswherethisisallowed.Prequalificationshallbebasedentirelyuponthecapabilityandresourcesofprospectivebidderstoperformtheparticularcontractsatisfactorily,takingintoaccounttheir(i)experienceandpastperformanceonsimilarcontracts,(ii)capabilitieswithrespecttopersonnel,equipment,andconstructionormanufacturingfacilities,and(iii)financialposition.(资格预审是通常用于大型或复杂的工作，或在任何准备详细的报价高成本可能会阻碍竞争的其他情况下，如定制设备，工业设备，专业的服务，和 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 要在交钥匙工程， 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 和建造，或合同管理。这也确保投标邀请函只延伸到那些有足够的能力和资源的人。资格预审也可能有助于确定被允许资格的国内承包商的偏好。令人满意地履行合同而言，考虑到他们的（i）对类似合同的经验和过去的表现，（ii）能力方面的人员，设备，施工或制造设施，及（iii）财务状况，资格预审将完全取决于潜在买家的能力和资源)Borrowersshallinformallapplicantsoftheresultsofprequalification.Assoonasprequalificationiscompleted,thebiddingdocumentsshallbemadeavailabletothequalifiedprospectivebidders.Forprequalificationforgroupsofcontractstobeawardedoveraperiodoftime,alimitforthenumberortotalvalueofawardstobeanyonebiddermaybemadeonthebasisofthebidder’sresources.Thelistofprequalifiedfirmsinsuchinstancesshallbeupdatedperiodically.Verificationoftheinformationprovidedinthesubmissionforprequalificationshallbeconfirmedatthetimeofawardofcontract,andawardmaybedeniedtoabidderthatisjudgedtonolongerhavethecapabilityorresourcestosuccessfullyperformthecontract.(借款人应通知所有申请人资格预审的结果。当资格预审结束后，招标文件应被提供给合格的潜在投标人。在合同被授予的一段时间内对组织预审，对号码或奖项总价值限制任何一个投标人可以对投标人的资源基础。在这样的情况下，对通过资格预审的公司名单将定期更新。在提交资格预审信息提供的验证应在授予合同时确认，并可以奖励判断不再否认有能力和资源来完成合同一个投标人。)PreparationoftheBiddingDocuments（编制招标文件）Thebiddingdocumentsshallfurnishallinformationnecessaryforaprospectivebiddertoprepareabidforthegoodsandworkstobeprovided.Whilethedetaildetailandcomplexityofthesedocumentsmayvarywiththesizeandnatureoftheproposedbidpackageandcontract,theygenerallyinclude;invitationtobid;instructionstobidders；formofbid;formofcontract;conditionsofcontract,bothgeneralandspecial;specificationsanddrawing;relevanttechnicaldata(includingofgeologicalandenvironmentalnature);listofgoodsorbillofquantities;deliverytimeorscheduleofcompletion;andnecessaryappendices,suchasformatsforvarioussecurities.Thebasisforbidevaluationandselectionofthelowestevaluatedbidshallbeclearlyoutlinedintheinstructionstobiddersand/orthespecifications.Ifafeeischargedforthebiddingdocuments,itshallbereasonableandreflectonlythecostoftheirprintinganddeliverytoprospectivebidders,andshallnotbesohighastodiscouragequalifiedbidders.(招标文件应当提供给投标人准备投标货物和提供工作所需的全部信息。虽然招标文件的详细程度和复杂程度会随招标包和合同的大小和性质的不同而不同，但它们应包括：投标邀请、投标人须知、投标书格式、合同格式、合同条款，包括通用条款和专用条款、技术规格和图纸，有关技术参数（包括地质和环境资料），货物清单和工程量清单，交货时间或完工时间表，必要的附件比如各种保证金格式。投标评价的最低评价与选择基础应清楚地概述投标者和/或规格说明。如果一个费用是对招标文件的收费，则应当合理反映印刷成本和交付的潜在投标人，且不得过高以至于阻碍合格投标人。)Thebiddingdocumentsshallbesowordedastopermitandencourageinternationalcompetitionandshallsetforthclearlyandpreciselytheworktobecarriedout,thelocationofthework,thegoodstobesupplied,theplaceofdeliveryorinstallation,theschedulefordeliveryorcompletion,minimumperformancerequirements,andthewarrantyandmaintenancerequirements,aswellasanyotherpertinenttermsandconditions.Inaddition,thebiddingdocuments,whereappropriate,shalldefinethetests,standards,andmethodsthatwillbeemployedtojudgetheconformityofequipmentasdelivered,orworksasperformed,withthespecifications.Drawingsshallbeconsistentwiththetextofthespecifications,andanorderofprecedencebetweentwoshallbespecified.(投标文件的措辞应该允许和鼓励国际竞争，并清楚地阐述需要进行的工作，工作的地点，应提供的货物，交货或安装地点，交付或完成的时间表，最低性能要求，及保修和维护要求，以及其他相关的条款和条件。此外，在适当的投标文件，应当明确测试 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 和将判断设备的合格交付，或是执行与规格方法。图纸应与该规范的文本相一致，并应指定两个优先级顺序。)Thebiddingdocumentsshallspecifyanyfactors,inadditiontoprice,whichwillbetakenintoaccountinevaluatingbids,andhowsuchfactorswillbequantifiedorotherwiseevaluating.Ifbidsbasedonalternativedesigns,materials,completionschedules,paymentterms,etc.,arepermitted,conditionsfortheiracceptabilityandthemethodoftheirevaluationshallbeexpresslystated.Anyadditionalinformation,clarification,correctionoferrorsormodificationsofbiddingdocumentsshallbesenttoeachrecipientoftheoriginalbiddingdocumentsinsufficienttimebeforethedeadlineforreceiptofbidstoenablebidderstotakeappropriateactions.Ifnecessary,thedeadlineshallbeextended.TheBankshallreceiveacopy(inhardcopyformatorsentelectronically)andbeconsultedforissuinga“noobjection”whenthecontactissubjecttopriorreview.(投标文件应当指定除了价格的任何因素，这将在评标中考虑，以及如何将被量化或评价。如果招标基于替代设计是被允许的，则投标材料，完成时间，付款条件等，应为他们的接受条件及其明文规定的评价方法。任何额外的信息、澄清、误差的纠正或对招标文件的修改都应在投标截止期前足够的时间内发送给每一个原招标文件的接收人，以便投标人能够采取适当的行动。如果有必要，可以延长投标截止日期。银行应得到一份附件（硬拷贝格式或发送电子）和咨询发布的经事先审查的“无异议”接触。)SpecificProcurementNotices(invitationtobid)（具体采购通知/招标）Theinternationalcommunityshallalsobenotifiedinatimelymanneroftheopportunitiestobidforspecificcontracts.Tothatend,invitationtoprequalifyortobid,asthecasemaybe,shallbeadvertisedasSpecificProcurementNoticesinatleastonenewspaperofnationalcirculationintheBorrower’scountry(andintheofficialgazette,ifany).SuchinvitationsshallalsobetransmittedtothosewhohaveexpressedinterestinbiddinginresponsetotheGeneralProcurementNotice.PublicationoftheinvitationsintheDevelopmentBusinessisalsoencouraged.Borrowersarealsostronglyencouragedtotransmitsuchinvitationstoembassiesandtraderepresentativesofcountriesoflikelysuppliersandcontractors.Additionally,forlarge,specializedorimportantcontracts,BorrowersshalladvertisetheinvitationsinDevelopmentBusinessand/orwell-knowntechnicalmagazines,newspapersandtradepublicationsofwideinternationalcirculation.Notificationshallbegiveninsufficienttimetoenableprospectivebidderstoobtainprequalificationorbiddingdocumentsandprepareandsubmittheirresponses.(国际社会也应及时的通知有机会为合同去投标的人。为此，资格预审文件或投标邀请应作为特定采购公告及时刊登，至少应刊登在借款人国内广泛发行的一种报纸上（如果可能，也应刊登在官方公报上）。这样的邀请也应发送给那些已表示响应对总采购公告招标感兴趣的人。公众创新发展业务的邀请也是被鼓励发布的。借款者也被强烈鼓励发送这样的邀请到代表国家的贸易大使馆以及可能的供应商和承包商。此外，大型、专业的或重要的合同，借款人应在发展业务和/或知名技术杂志广告，报纸和广泛的国际流通贸易出版物上发出邀请。通知应留出足够的时间使潜在的投标人获得资格预审文件或准备和提交他们的实质性回应的投标文件。)Borrowersshallprovidereasonableaccesstoprojectsitesfirvisitsbyprospectivebidders.Forworksorcomplexsupplycontracts,particularlyforthoserequiringrefurbishingexistingworkorequipment,apre-bidconferencemaybearrangedwherebypotentialbiddersmaymeetwiththeBorrowerrepresentativestoseekclarifications.MinutesoftheconferenceshallbeprovidedtoallprospectivebidderswithacopytotheBank(inhardcopyorsentelectronically).Thedeadlineandplaceforreceiptofbidsshallbespecifiedintheinvitationtobid.(通过潜在的投标人，借款人应提供合理的进入项目现场，对于工程或设备供应合同，特别是那些需要翻新现有的工作或设备。标前会的纪要英送给所有潜在投标人，并抄送世行一份（使用书面文件或电子文件的方式）。接收投标书的截止时间和地点应在指定的招标中明确。)TimeforPreparationofBids（投标准备时间）Thetimeallowedforthepreparationandsubmissionofbidsshallbedeterminedwithdueconsiderationoftheparticularcircumstancesoftheprojectandthemagnitudeandcomplexityofthecontract.Generally,notLessthansixweeksfromthedateoftheinvitationtobidorthedateofavailabilityofbiddingdocuments,whicheverislater,shallbeallowedforICB.Wherelargeworksorcomplexitemsofequipmentandinvolved,thisperiodshallgenerallybenotlessthantwelveweekstoenableprospectivebidderstoconductinvestigationsbeforesubmittingtheirbids.Insuchcases,theBorrowerisencouragedtoconvenepre-bidconferencesandarrangesitevisits.Biddersshallbepermittedtosubmitbidsbymailorbyhand.(允许投标准备时间应与工程项目的具体情况适当考虑合同的规模和复杂度。一般来说，国际竞争性投标（ICB）应给出自投标邀请之日或开始发售招标文件之日（以较迟者为准）起不少于六周的时间。在大型工程或设备复杂项目和参与，这个时间一般应不小于十二周，使潜在的投标人提交投标书之前进行调查。在这种情况下，鼓励借款人召开标前会议，安排现场考察。应允许投标人邮寄或亲自递交标书。)OpeningofBids（开标）Thetimeforthebidopeningshallbethesameasforthedeadlineforreceiptofbidsorpromptlythereafter,andshallbeannounced,togetherwiththeplaceforbidopening,intheinvitationtobid.Theborrowershallopenallbidsatthestipulatedtimeandplace.Bidsshallbeopenedinpublic;thatis,biddersortheirrepresentativesshallbeallowedtobepresent.Thenameofthebidderandtotalamountofeachbid,andofanyalternativebidsiftheyhavebeenrequestedorpermitted,shallbereadaloudandrecordedwhenopenedandacopyofthisrecordshallbepromptlysenttotheBank.Bidsreceivedafterthetimestipulated,aswellasthosenotopenedandreadoutatbidopening,shallnotbeconsidered.(招标开标时间应当同接收投标书的截止时间或此后立即，并连同开标地点予以公告。借款人应在规定的时间和地点打开所有投标。开标应当在公共，即投标人或其代表应被允许出席的情况下。投标人的名字和每份标书总金额，及其他任何的出价，如果他们被要求或允许记录打开时，不得大声朗读，该记录的副本应及时送到银行。在规定时间之后收到的投标，以及那些没有打开并读取开标的，不应考虑。)EvaluationofBids（评标）Firstly,TheBorrowershallexaminethebidstoascertainwhetherthebids(i)meettheeligibilityrequirementsspecifiedintheGuidelines,(ii)havebeenproperlysigned,(iii)areaccompaniedbytherequiredsecurities,(iv)aresubstantiallyresponsivetothebiddingdocuments,and(v)areotherwisegenerallyinorder.Ifabidisnotsubstantiallyresponsive,thatis,itcontainsmaterialdeviationsfromorreservationstotheterms,conditionsandspecificationsinthebiddingdocuments,itshallnotbeconsideredfurther.Thebiddershallnotbepermittedtocorrectorwithdrawmaterialdeviationsorreservationsoncebidshavebeenopened.(首先，借款人应审查投标文件，以确定投标是否（i）满足规定的资格要求，（ii）得到适当签署，（iii）附有所需的保证金，（iv）实质上响应招标文件，（v）满足一般性要求。如果投标实质上不响应，即它包含的材料的与招标文件有偏差，它将不予考虑。投标人不得纠正或撤回实质性的报价或撤回已开出的一次出价。)Thenextstepistoapplytheevaluationcriteriaspecifiedinthebiddingdocumentsandadjusteachbidasappropriateusingtheevaluationcriteria.Onlythecriteriaspecifiedinthebiddocumentcanbeapplied.Nonewcriteriamustbeintroducedatevaluation,andthecriteriamustbeappliedwhereverappropriate.Specifiedcriteriacannotbewaivedduringevaluation.(下一步适用于招标文件规定的评价标准和适当调整每个投标评价的标准。只有在招标文件中规定的评标办法才可以应用。若没有新的标准则必须在评价前向众人介绍，并且该标准是在任何地方都适用的。指定的标准不能在评价时放弃。）TheBorrowershallprepareadetailedreportontheevaluationandcomparisonofbidssettingforththespecificreasonsonwhichtherecommendationisbasedfortheawardofthecontract.（借款人应准备一份详细的关于评价和比较投标的具体原因的报告，并建议授予合同。）PostQualificationofBidders（发中标函）Ifbiddershavenotbeenprequalified,theBorrowershalldeterminewhetherthebidderwhosebidhasbeendeterminedtoofferthelowestevaluatedcosthasthecapabilityandresourcestoeffectivelycarryoutthecontractasofferedinthebid.Thecriteriatobemetshallbesetoutinthebiddingdocuments,andifthebidderdoesnotmeetthem,thebidshallberejected.Insuchanevent,theBorrowershallmakeasimilardeterminationforthenextlowestevaluatedbidder.(如果未对投标人进行资格预审的，借款人应确定最低评标价投标的投标人是否有能力和资源按其投标所报条件有效的履行合同。此标准应满足在招标文件中的规定，如果投标人未达到他们的投标将被拒绝。在这种情况下，借款人应为未来的评价最低的投标者做一个类似的测定。)AwardofContractorRejectionofAllBids（合同授予与全部废标）TheBorrowershallawardthecontract,withintheperiodofthevalidityofbids,tothebidderwhomeetstheappropriatestandardsofcapabilityandresourcesandwhosebidhasbeendetermined(i)tobesubstantiallyresponsivetothebiddingdocumentsand(ii)toofferthelowestevaluatedcost.Abiddershallnotberequired,asaconditionofaward,toundertakeresponsibilitiesforworknotstipulatedinthebiddingdocumentsorotherwisetomodifythebidasoriginallysubmitted.(借款人应在投标有效期内将合同授予有能力和资源标准的投标人，而且投标已被确定为（i）实质上响应招标文件的要求，并且（ii）提供最低评标价。作为奖励的情况下投标人不得要求，进行不在招标文件的工作或修改原提交的投标书规定的职责。)BiddingdocumentsusuallyprovidethatBorrowersmayrejectallbids.Rejectionofallbidsisjustifiedwhenthereislackofeffectivecompetition,orbidsarenotsubstantiallyresponsive.Ifallbidsarerejected,theBorrowershallreviewthecausesjustifyingtherejectionandconsidermakingrevisionstotheconditionofcontract,designandspecifications,scopeofthecontract,oracombinationofthese,beforeinvitingnewbids.Allbidsshallnotberejectedifnewbidsinvitedonthesamebiddingandcontractdocumentsaresolelyforthepurposeofobtaininglowerprices.TheBank’spriorconcurrenceshallbeobtainedbeforerejectingallbids,solicitingnewbidsorenteringintonegotiationswiththelowestevaluatedbidder.(投标文件通常提供借款人可以拒绝所有投标。正当地拒绝全部缺乏有效竞争，实质上不响应招标的投标。如果所有投标被否决的，借款人应审查的原因为排斥和考虑修改合同的条件，设计和规格，合同的范围，或这些的组合，然后邀请新的报价。所有投标，不得在同一新的招标投标和合同文件完全是为了获得较低价格的目的。银行同意前不得拒绝所有投标获得，获得新的出价或进入与评价最低的投标者谈判。)