首页 考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解荟萃

考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解荟萃

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考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解荟萃书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.问题1选项A.aerosolB.crateC.margarineD.gadget【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.aerosol喷雾器B.crate大木箱;板条箱C...

考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解荟萃
关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学考试押 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!卷I一.综合 题库 doc摄影基础题库高中语文题库及参考答案安全生产模拟考试平台题库选择大学英语b统考题库消防知识竞赛题库 -全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.问题1选项A.aerosolB.crateC.margarineD.gadget【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.aerosol喷雾器B.crate大木箱;板条箱C.margarine人造黄油D.gadget小器具;小配件【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】由第二句句意“这是用来分离蛋黄和蛋白的”可知,空格处是一种将鸡蛋的蛋清和蛋白分离的工具,D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】你见过那个方便的小工具吗?它可以用来分离蛋黄和蛋白的。2.单选题Thestudyshowsthatlayingtoomuchemphasisonexamsislikelyto()students'enthusiasminlearningEnglish.问题1选项A.holdoutB.holdoffC.holddownD.holdback【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。holdout“坚持;伸出;提供”;holdoff“拖延;不接近”;holddown“抑制;压制”;holdback“隐瞒;退缩”。根据前后“将太多重心放在考试”与“同学们学习英语的热情”这二者的逻辑关系可知选项C符合题意,前者会“抑制”后者。3.单选题Theheadlightsoftheapproachingcarwereso()thatthecyclisthadtostopriding.问题1选项A.gleaningB.staringC.gleamingD.dazzling【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。gleaning"拾遗";staring"目不转睛的,凝视的";gleaming"闪烁的,闪闪发光的";dazzling"耀眼的,光彩夺目的"。句意:那辆驶来的汽车的前灯太耀眼,以致于骑自行车的人不得不停下来。选项D符合句意。    4.单选题 Thesenator'sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermisfutile.问题1选项A.laudableB.sincereC.authenticD.useless【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:这位参议员试图让公众相信她对竞选连任没有兴趣,但这只是徒劳。A选项laudable“值得赞赏的”;B选项sincere“真诚的”;C选项authentic“真正的,真实的”;D选项useless“无用的,无效的”。futile意为“无用的,无效的”,选项D与之意思相近,代入符合语境。5.单选题Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus()observationsmadebyotherastronomers.问题1选项A.andalsowereB.notonlybecauseofC.alsobecausewereD.andalsobecauseof【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词partly可知,空格后面表示另一部分原因,因此两个原因应该用并列连词and连接,排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引导第一个原因,后面可用becauseof与其并列。故选D项。句意:地心说在17世纪被抛弃,部分原因是哥白尼的著作,也因为其他天文学家的观测结果。6.翻译题Anyonecanmakethingsbiggerandmorecomplex,whatrequiresrealeffortandcourageistomoveintheoppositedirection—inotherwords,tomakethingsassimpleaspossible.【答案】任何人都可以把事情做得更大、更复杂,但真正需要努力和勇气的是朝相反的方向走,换句话说,就是把事情做得尽可能简单。7.单选题Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.TheeyeControlledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasDolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat____________.2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause____________.3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat____________.4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalf-awakeinorderto____________.5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,Para.8),Siegelsuggeststhat____________.问题1选项A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds,B.half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesC.birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciouslyD.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest问题2选项A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacksB.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorestC.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructuredD.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions问题3选项A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespreadB.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurityC.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurityD.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror问题4选项A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemyB.emergefromwaternowandthentobreatheC.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironmentD.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents问题5选项A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweatherB.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolvedC.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepersD.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第一句Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.(根据一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究,鸟类处于半睡眠状态,其中一个脑半球保持警戒,另一个脑半球用来睡觉——或者控制这一侧大脑保持清醒。),可知鸟类可以控制自己的睡眠,所以C选项“鸟类可以有意识地控制他们的半脑睡眠”正确。A选项“发现半脑睡眠出现在很多鸟类身上”,B选项“半脑睡眠的特点是脑电波缓慢”和D选项“鸟类很少在休息的时候用整个大脑睡觉”:根据第二段第一句Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.(早期的研究已经 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 了很多鸟类的半脑睡眠。),可知这是早期研究的结果,故错误。推测因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句single-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies(动物在观察周围以提防敌人时进化出了半脑睡眠),可知动物因为要提防敌人保护自己而发展出来半脑睡眠,所以A选项“他们必须提防可能的攻击”正确。B选项“他们的大脑半球轮流休息”:这是半脑睡眠带来的影响和好处,而非原因,故错误。C选项“他们的大脑的两个半球是不同的结构”:文章没有提到鸟类的脑部结构是怎样的,故错误。D选项“他们必须时刻注意他们的同伴”:这属于半脑睡眠运用的地方和体现,而非原因,故错误。因此A选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.(镜子那边的那只眼睛闭上了,好像镜子里的那只眼睛是同伴,而另一只眼睛则一直睁开着。),可知即使没有真正的同伴在,鸟儿也会视镜子中的自己为同伴,不一定非得要和同伴一起睡觉,结合鸟类的半脑睡眠是因为保护自己,所以C选项“即使是一个想象中的同伴也会给鸟一种安全感”正确,B选项“为了安全起见,鸟儿喜欢成对睡觉”和D选项“一只宠物鸟喜欢看到自己在镜子里的倒影”错误。A选项“鸟儿成对打瞌睡的现象很普遍”:没有提到,故错误。因此C选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第七段最后一句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.(也许保持一侧大脑清醒可以让睡着的动物偶尔浮出水面,以避免溺水。),可知一些水生哺乳动物为了在睡着时保持安全而发展出半睡眠状态,所以D选项“避免被急流冲走”正确。A选项“警惕接近的敌人”,B选项“偶尔从水里冒出来呼吸”和C选项“感知不断变化的环境”没有提到,故错误。因此D选项正确。5.语义推测题。根据第八段最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.(他推测,当我们进一步观察其他物种时,可能会发现更多的例子。),可知JeromeM.Siegel认为半脑睡眠可能也存在于其他生物,所以D选项“半脑睡眠是一种可能存在于其他物种中的现象”正确。A选项“半脑睡眠与寒冷天气有关”和C选项“大多数生活在寒冷地区的鸟类往往是半睡眠者”:这里的冰山一角和天气寒冷无关,故错误。B选项“半脑睡眠之谜即将被破解”:文章没有提到破解谜题,并且这还需要进一步研究,故错误。因此D选项正确。8.单选题Asthearticlepointsout,oneofthethingsthatlimittheappealofthisyear’snewTVshowsmostdamaginglvisthattheylackofinnovation.问题1选项A.pointsoutB.limittheappealofthisyear’sC.newTVshowsmostdamaginglvD.theylackofinnovation.E.没有问题【答案】D【解析】介词误用。去掉of。动词lack表示“缺乏“的意思时为及物动词。9.单选题Hardworkcan()yoursuccessinlearningaforeignlanguage.问题1选项A.assureB.guaranteeC.warrantD.promise【答案】B【解析】句意:努力工作能保证你在学习一门外语上取得成功。考查动词辨析。Assure使确信,向…保证,弄清,查明;guarantee保证,担保,保障;warrant使有必要,使正当;promise许诺,承诺,答应。因此B符合句意。10.单选题Hetreatedatwenty-one-year-oldgirlwithastubborncaseofheadache.问题1选项A.panicB.persistentC.severeD.stern【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。stubborn表示“顽固的,顽强的”;A项panic“恐慌的”,B项persistent“执着的,坚持不懈的”,C项severe“严峻的,严厉的”,D项stern“严厉的,坚定的”。句意:他治疗了一个患有顽固性头痛的21岁女孩。根据句意可知,该题选择B项正确。11.单选题Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe()  .问题1选项A.makeB.moveC.riseD.go【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。onthemake“急于求成,唯利是图”;onthemove“四处奔波”;ontherise“在增加”;onthego“忙个不停”。句意:他从来不会做任何无利可图的事情,他一直都是唯利是图。选项A符合题意。12.单选题I()thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.问题1选项A.perceivedB.deceivedC.conceivedD.received【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉,感知”;B选项deceive“欺骗”;C选项conceive“设想,构思,认为”;D选项receive“接收”。根据句意“我察觉到他的腿有点跛,所以我放慢了脚步。”选项A符合句意。13.单选题Loudnoisescanaffectyourhearing.Theycancauseearpain.Evenworse,ifsoundwavesfromveryloudnoisesreachyourinnerear,theycanripandteartissuesneededforhearing.Oftenearswillhealthemselvesiftheyarenothurttoobadly.Theremayonlybeashorttimeaftertheloudnoisethatyoucannothear.Buthearingcanbelostforeverifthedamageisverybad.Orhearingmaybedamagedsothatyoumayhearsomesounds,butnotothers.Forexample,acarhornmaybeheard,butyoumaynotbeabletohearsomeonespeaking.Itisasadfact,buttheworldisgettingnoisier.Bigmachinesroar,airconditionerswhir,lawnmowerssnarl,hornsblast,sirensscreech,telephonesring,peopleyell,anddogbark.Noiseisjustabouteverywhere.Yet,ourworldcouldbemadequieter.Everyeffortshouldbemadetodoawaywithloudnoise.Ourhealthdependsuponit.Onewaytocutdownnoiseistoquietthethingthatmakesthenoise.Forinstance,mufflersoncarexhaustpipescutdownontheamountofnoiseacarmakes.Withoutmufflersyoucouldhardlystandthenoiseofyourowncar.Thatisonereasonwhymufflersareimportant.Noisecanalsobestoppedinotherways.Onewayistosoakupnoise.Soundwavesbounceoffwallsandceilingsinrooms.Theirechoesaddtothenewsoundsintherooms.Ceilingsmadeoftileswithlittleholesinthemtakeinsoundwavesmuchasspongessoakupwater.Thiscutsroomnoisedownquiteabit.Carpets,curtains,andfurniturealsosoakupsoundwaves.It’safactthatanemptyroomisfullofechoes.Aroomwithfurnitureismuchquieter.Puttingmachinesonrubberpadscancutdownnoisebykeepingtablesandfloorsfromshakingalongwiththemachines.Theirshakingaddstothenoisefromthemachines.Noisecanalsobeblockedandstoppedcompletely.Thatmightseemlikethebestwaytostopnoise,butitisnotalwaysso.Forexample,tosoundproofroomsmeansthatwallsandceilingsmustbeverythickandcoveredwithsoundproofingmaterials.Theextrabuildingmaterialswouldmakehomesandapartmentsmoreexpensive.Cheaperandeasierwaystocutdownonunwantednoiseneedtobedeveloped.1.Thisarticleismostlyabout().2.Loudnoisecancause().3.Inordertosoundproofaroom,thewallsandceilingsmustbevery().4.Whensoundwavesbounceoffanobject,theymake().问题1选项A.carmufflersB.rubberpadsC.unwantednoiseD.soundproofrooms问题2选项A.dizzinessB.headachesC.sorethroatsD.earpain问题3选项A.cleanB.smoothC.thickD.colorful问题4选项A.aholeB.anechoC.ripplesD.ashadow【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文谈论关于噪音的影响以及消除噪音的方式,因此答案为选项C。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词loudnoise可以定位到文章第一段中“Loudnoisescanaffectyourhearing.Theycancauseearpain.”,中文翻译为:噪音会影响你的听力。他们可以引起耳朵疼痛。因此,答案选D。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词tosoundproofaroom,可以定位到文章中“Forexample,tosoundproofroomsmeansthatwallsandceilingsmustbeverythickandcoveredwithsoundproofingmaterials.”,中文翻译为:例如,隔音的房间意味着墙壁和天花板一定很厚,并且覆盖着隔音材料。由此可知C选项正确。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词soundwaves可以定位到文章中“Soundwavesbounceoffwallsandceilingsinrooms.Theirechoesaddtothenewsoundsintherooms.”,中文翻译为:声波从房间的墙壁和天花板反弹。它们的回声给房间增加新的声音。根据语境及句意可知B项正确。14.翻译题Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergy,tocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwaslocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproduct,itwasinefficient.Contrastthiswithfanningsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe213rcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.【答案】可持续发展几乎适用于从能源到清洁水和经济增长的所有领域,因此很难对其背后的基本假设或概念的使用方式提出质疑。在农业方面尤其如此,在农业方面,可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量 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,而没有适当地从历史和文化角度加以评价。首先,重要的是要记住,农业的性质在历史上已经发生了显著的变化,并将继续发生变化。北欧的中世纪农业为主要的农村社会提供了食物、衣服和庇护,人口密度比今天低得多。它对生物多样性的影响微乎其微,而且它造成的任何污染都是局部的。就能量使用和产品中获取的营养而言,它是低效的。这与工业革命开始以来的扇风形成了鲜明对比。来自海外的竞争促使农民专业化并提高产量。在此期间,食物变得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而,这些变化也导致了栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的减少。此外,发展中国家对动物产品的需求增长如此之快,以至于到2050年每年需要额外增加3亿吨谷物才能满足需求。然而,城市和工业的发展正在减少许多地区可供农业使用的水资源。所有这一切意味着,21世纪的农业将与20世纪大不相同。15.单选题( ),itisquiteeasytodrillaholeinitwithalaser.问题1选项A.HardadiamondisB.HardasadiamondisC.AsadiamondishardD.Howhardisadiamond【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管金刚石是硬的,但是用激光在上面钻孔很容易。语法题。考查部分倒装。这是一个as引导的让步状语从句的倒装:形容词+as+主语+谓语或表语,故选B。16.单选题Shegetsalongverywellwitheveryone,sosheisthemost( )memberofourfamily.问题1选项A.rustyB.impetuousC.congenialD.imperious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。rusty意为“生锈的,腐蚀的”;impetuous意为“鲁莽的,冲动的,轻率的”;congenial意为“意气相投的,情趣相投的,合得来的”;imperious意为“专横的,蛮横的,盛气凌人的”。由前面的Shegetsalongverywellwitheveryone(她和大家相处得很好)可知她是个容易相处的人,因此选C。句意:她和大家相处得很好,所以她是我们家最容易相处的人。17.单选题Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.OnSeptember18th RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(胆怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.问题1选项A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattackB.AmericanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterroristsC.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerableD.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory问题2选项A.theirworriesarequitereasonableB.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriouslyC.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacingD.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike问题3选项A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attackB.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrikeC.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructureD.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure问题4选项A.flexibilityB.boldnessC.cowardiceD.conservatism问题5选项A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurityC.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongersD.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.我们从第一段得知____。A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattackA.恐怖分子可以通过电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入混乱B.AmericanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterroristsB.美国人没有对付恐怖分子的经验C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerableC.公用事业公司的计算机系统相当脆弱D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactoryD.紧急救援部门的反应远远不能令人满意【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词firstparagraph定位到原文第1段。该段第2句提到“恐怖分子通过电子手段侵入(electronicallybreakintothecomputers)控制美国一个大城市(alargeAmericancity)供水的电脑”,最后一句提到“商业瘫痪(Businessesareparalyzed),医院人满为患(hospitalsareoverwhelmed),人们试图逃离,道路堵塞(roadsaregridlocked)。”由此可知,恐怖分子的电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入了瘫痪,A选项“恐怖分子可以通过电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入混乱”表述符合第一段内容。【干扰项排除】B选项“美国人没有对付恐怖分子的经验”,原文只提到了恐怖分子的一次袭击,并未提到美国人是否有相关经验,该选项属于无中生有;C选项“公用事业公司的计算机系统相当脆弱”,原文虽然是说恐怖分子攻击了供水系统的电脑(thecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity),但作者是为了突出恐怖袭击的恐怖,而不是公用事业公司的计算机系统脆弱。再说也不能单纯从这一个事件就推断它们的系统脆弱,该选项属于过度推理;D选项“紧急救援部门的反应远远不能令人满意”,原文第1段倒数第二句提到了“在紧急救援部门努力应对时(Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond),恐怖分子再次发动袭击。”所以说不是紧急救援部门的反应不够及时,而是恐怖袭击太紧凑,该选项属于曲解原文。第2题:【选项释义】Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.提到悲观论者,作者暗示____。A.theirworriesarequitereasonableA.他们的担忧非常有道理B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriouslyB.他们的警告应该被认真对待C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacingC.他们夸大了公用事业公司面对的威胁D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrikeD.他们熟悉恐怖分子的袭击方式【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词thedoom-mongers定位到原文第2段。本段第一句提到“这些场景(第一段的内容)是悲观论者提出的(invokedbydoom-mongers)”由上一题可知,原文第1段提到“恐怖分子可以通过电子攻击使美国一座大城市陷入混乱。”但是第2段最后一句质疑了一位悲观论者的观点“他是正确的吗?”第3段第2句提到“但是,仅仅因为电力公司的客户可以在线支付账单,并不一定意味着(itdoesnotnecessarily)该公司的关键控制系统容易受到攻击(arevulnerabletoattack)。”由此可知,作者认为悲观论者的观点夸大了公共事业公司系统的脆弱程度,C选项“他们夸大了公用事业公司面对的威胁”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们的担忧非常有道理”,与原文作者观点相反,作者认为他们的担忧存在夸大因素,不会认为“他们的担忧非常有道理”,该选项属于曲解原文;B选项“他们的警告应该被认真对待”,与原文作者观点相反,作者认为他们的担忧存在夸大因素,他们的警告也是过分担忧,该选项属于曲解原文;D选项“他们熟悉恐怖分子的袭击方式”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。第3题:【选项释义】IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.高德纳咨询公司(Gartner)认为____。A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attackA.恐怖分子可能会发动另一次“珍珠港”袭击B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrikeB.恐怖分子有充足的资金和时间来准备一次惊人的袭击C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructureC.攻击关键基础设施是非常昂贵和耗时的D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructureD.恐怖分子不太可能诉诸电子手段袭击关键基础设施【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Gartnerconsultant定位到原文第4段,本段提到了高德纳咨询公司和美国海军战争学院做的一个模拟得出的结论,“对美国关键基础设施的‘电子珍珠港’攻击(an‘electronicPearlHarbor’attack)确实会造成严重破坏,但首先需要五年的时间准备和2亿美元的资金(fiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding)。”由此可知,该公司认为采用电子手段袭击美国的关键基础设施是昂贵且耗时的。本段最后一句提到“攻击关键基础设施有更简单、成本更低的(farsimplerandlesscostlyway)方法,从恶作剧电话到卡车炸弹和劫持飞机。”由此可知,该公司认为恐怖分子会选择其他更简单、成本更低的方式,而非电子手段。因此,D选项“恐怖分子不太可能诉诸电子手段袭击关键基础设施”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“恐怖分子可能会发动另一次‘珍珠港’袭击”,原文提到“珍珠港”袭击只是把恐怖分子对关键基础设施的电子手段攻击比喻成“电子珍珠港袭击”,并不是说他们要再次发动“珍珠港”袭击,另外,该公司认为电子手段昂贵又耗时,恐怖分子不会采取这种方式,该选项属于偷换概念;B选项“恐怖分子有充足的资金和时间来准备一次惊人的袭击”,原文只是提到用电子手段攻击美国关键基础设施昂贵又耗时,并没有提到恐怖分子是否有“充足的资金和时间”,该选项属于偷换概念;C选项“攻击关键基础设施是非常昂贵和耗时的”,原文是说“用电子手段”攻击关键的基础设施是非常昂贵和耗时的,并不是说只要攻击关键基础设施就是非常昂贵和耗时的,更何况,第四段最后一句还提到了有更简单、成本更低的方式,该选项属于过度推理。第4题:【选项释义】“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.“____的方法”(第5段)可能指以____为特征的方法。A.flexibilityA.灵活B.boldne
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