Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the editor of a column discussing how to help laid-off workers. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作;
2. 如何帮助他们;
3. 你的认识。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Work
Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly annoying, and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of boring to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery(劳役;苦工). At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past.
Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.
The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income and while the market economy society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can procure. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one’s own circle. Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work. In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home.
Two chief elements make work interesting: first, the exercise of skill, and second, construction.
Every man who has acquired some unusual skill enjoys exercising it until it has become a matter of course. This motive to activity begins in early childhood: a boy who can stand on his head becomes reluctant to stand on his feet. A great deal of work gives the same pleasure that is to be derived from games of skill.
There is, however, another element possessed by the best work, which is even more important as a source of happiness than is the exercise of skill. This is the element of constructiveness. In some work, though by no means in most, something is built up which remains as a monument when the work is completed. We may distinguish construction from destruction by the following criterion(标准). In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively haphazard(偶然的), while the final state of affairs embodies a purpose. In destruction the reverse is the case; the initial state of affairs embodies a purpose, while the final state of affairs is haphazard, that is to say, all that is intended by the destroyer is to produce a state of affairs which does not embody a certain purpose. This criterion applies in the most literal and obvious case, namely the construction and destruction of buildings. In constructing a building a previously made plan is carried out, whereas in destroying it no one decides exactly how the materials are to lie when the ruin is completed. This applies to not a few revolutionaries and militarists and other apostles(信徒) of violence. They are actuated, usually without their own knowledge, by hatred: the destruction of what they hate is their real purpose, and they are comparatively indifferent to the question what is to come after it. Now I cannot deny that in the work of destruction as in the work of construction there may be joy. It is a fiercer joy, perhaps at moments more intense, but it is less profoundly satisfying, since the result is one in which little satisfaction is to be found. You kill your enemy, and when he is dead your occupation is gone, and the satisfaction that you derive from victory quickly fades. The work of construction, on the other hand, when completed, is delightful to recall, and moreover is never so fully completed that there is nothing further to do about it. The most satisfactory purposes are those that lead on indefinitely from one success to another without ever coming to a dead end; and in this respect it will be found that construction is a greater source of happiness than destruction.
1. The majority of people would have no idea about what is well worth doing when they are free from work.
2. Many people today have reached the level of civilization to fill their leisure intelligently.
3. While most idle rich enjoy their freedom from heavy work they are often subjected to an indescribable boring life.
4. If a man does not have to overwork to exhaust he may have more passion for his leisure time than an idle man could possibly have.
5. The women who are confined to home with homemaking enjoy a greater source of happiness than men.
6. Many people can get the same pleasure from a lot of work as from games of skill when they are young of skill.
7. In the best work,the exercise of skill is the most important as a source of happiness.
8. In construction the final state of affairs .
9. In constructing a building, one carries out .
10. The work of destruction is less profoundly satisfying because you can in the result Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. A) He expects to hear from his brother.
B) He expects a gift from his brother.
C) The woman is wrong about when the man’s birthday is.
D) His brother is going to visit him.
12. A) They don’t enjoy swimming.
B) They won’t go swimming in the lake today.
C) They don’t know how to swim.
D) They’ll swim in the lake tomorrow.
13. A) The style of sweater she’s wearing is very common.
B) The man saw Jill wearing the sweater.
C) She wore the sweater for the first time yesterday.
D) She usually doesn’t borrow clothes from Jill.
14. A) She’s planning a trip to Antarctica.
B) She thinks attending the lecture will be helpful to her.
C) Her geography class is required to attend the lecture.
D) She has already finished writing her report.
15. A) The woman should join the chess club.
B) He’s not a very good chess player.
C) The woman needs a lot of time to play chess.
D) He’s willing to teach the woman how to play chess.
16. A) Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.
B) Return the novel to Alice immediately.
C) Help the man find his own copy of the novel.
D) Find out how much the novel costs.
17. A) He has already tasted the chocolate pudding.
B) Chocolate is his favorite flavor.
C) He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding.
D) There is no more chocolate pudding left.
18. A) He arrived at the theater late.
B) He left his watch in the theater.
C) The production seemed much shorter than it actually was.
D) He did not enjoy the production.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) She wants to learn about Richard Sears.
B) She is helping the man with his assignment.
C) She needs to buy a filing cabinet.
D) She wants to order some textbooks.
20. A) Teachers. B) Farmers. C) Students. D) Laborers.
21. A) As textbooks. B) As fuel. C) As newspapers. D) As art.
22. A) Taxes on factory goods rose.
B) Some people lost their farms.
C) Shipping prices rose.
D) Some small stores were out of business.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) The economy is slowing down.
B) She may not be able to finish the college.
C) She may not find a job after college.
D) The tax is going to be raised.
24. A) It is on the verge of bankruptcy.
B) It is improving steadily.
C) It has experienced a rapid increase in sales.
D) It is going down hill fast.
25. A) She will join the man’s company.
B) She will start her own business.
C) She will stay in her parents’house.
D) She will try to find a job. Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) They didn’t use singers.
B) They gave free concerts.
C) They performed in small nightclubs.
D) They shortened the length of their performances.
27. A) To discuss one way it impacted jazz music.
B) To explain why the government reduced some taxes.
C) To describe a common theme in jazz music.
D) To discuss the popularity of certain jazz bands.
28. A) The music contained strong political messages.
B) The music had a steady beat that people could dance to.
C) The music included sad melodies.
D) The music contained irregular types of rhythms.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) A museum exhibition of African baskets.
B) Changes in basket-weaving.
C) Differences between African and American baskets.
D) The development of basket weaving in one town.
30. A) Their mothers taught them.
B) They traveled to Africa.
C) They learned in school.
D) They taught themselves.
31. A) They sell them as a hobby.
B) They make them as a hobby.
C) They use them on their farms.
D) They make and sell them to make a living. Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Factors that affect the ability to remember.
B) The influence of childhood memories on adulthood.
C) A proposal for future psychological research.
D) Benefits of a busy lifestyle.
33. A) The need to exercise the memory.
B) How the brain differs from other body tissues.
C) The unconscious learning of a physical activity.
D) How nerves control body movement.
34. A) Repeat it aloud. B) Write it down.
C) Make a mental picture of it. D) Practice recalling it.
35. A) Ask questions about the assigned reading.
B) Give an example of active learning.
C) Explain recent research on recalling childhood memories.
D) Make an assignment for the next class session.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or wirte down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Graduate students often work as teaching assistants while they study in the United States. Teaching assistants (T.A.) may get money or get to take classes for (36) , or both. A T.A. usually works about twenty hours each week. In some cases, the professors they assist have big (37) classes with hundreds of students. The professor gives one or two (38) a week, and teaching assistants (39) smaller discussions at other times. They also give tests, (40) work, provide laboratory assistance and meet with students who need help. And they have their own educations to think about.
Many states have (41) to require that teaching assistants be able to speak English well enough for students to understand them. Universities have increased their (42) to deal with this problem. Our example school this week is the University of Southern California (USC), in Los Angeles.The American Language Institute at USC provides (43) to help international teaching assistants improve their English. (44) .
The exam at USC is a fifteen-minute spoken test that involves two examiners. Students talk about their education and interest in the school. (45) .Those who do not score high enough on the test have to take classes to improve their English. (46) . Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The free enterprise had produced a technology 47 of providing the American consumer with the largest and most varied marketplace in the world. Technological advances, however, have come hand-in-hand with impersonal mass marketing of goods and services. Along with 48 too, have come some instances of manipulative(操纵性的;操作) advertising practices and a great increase to products whose reliability, safety and quality are difficult to 49 .
Today’s consumers buy, enjoy, use and throw away more types of goods than could possibly have been imagined even a few years ago. Yes, too often consumers have no idea of the materials that have gone into the manufacturer’s finished product or their own 50 in selecting one product over another.
Easy credit and forceful techniques of modern marketing persuade many consumers to buy what they cannot 51 . The consequent 52 of family budgets is a problem for consumers at all economic levels. It is not unusual for families to set aside 20 percent or more of their income to debt repayments without understanding the effect this allocation has upon other choices. Some families have such tight budgets that an illness, a period of unemployment, or some other crisis finds them without 53 reserves(储备;储蓄).
In addition to the growing complexity of the market, consumers are sometimes faced with unfair and 54 practices. Although there are laws 55 to protect the consumers, there are not a sufficient number of laws enforced to cover all the abuses of the marketplace.
An adult in today’s society should be knowledgeable in the use of credit. He should understand what is involved in purchasing a house, and the many pitfalls to be avoided when 56 into financial agreements. He should know enough about advertising and selling techniques to enable him to tell the honest from the deceptive. He should be knowledgeable about consumer protection laws so that he can demand his rights. When he needs help, he should know the private and public sources to which he can turn for assistance.
A) virtually
B) deceptive
C) supervisors
D) entering
E) evaluate
F) capable
G) efficiently
H) progress I) designed
J) likely
K) afford
L) adequate
M) overburdening
N) amazing
O) motivation
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Romantic love is a culture trait found primarily in industrialized societies. Elsewhere in the world, pragmatic considerations rather than flights of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection. Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well”—that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential. Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance(轻蔑地)at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.
The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive. They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty(充满幻想的), even irrational manner, decide that they are right for one another, and may then enter a marriage whose success is expected to be guaranteed by their enduring love. Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed(赞同)throughout American popular culture, by books, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV.
Romantic love is a noble ideal, and it can certainly provide a basis for the spouses to live happily ever after. But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerations—as indeed they have been in most societies throughout most of history. Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reason seems to be that it has some basic functions in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family(小家庭).
57. Romantic love is less frequently found in many non-industrial societies because people in these societies .
A) firmly believe that only money can make the world go round
B) fail to bring the imaginative power of the mind into full play
C) fondly think that flights of fancy prevent them from making a correct choice of partner
D) have far more practical considerations to determine who will marry whom
58. The word eligible (Line 5, Para. l) could best be replaced by .
A) qualified B) available C) chosen D) influential
59. According to the passage, most Americans .
A) expect their daughters to fall in love with a male at first sight
B) regard romantic love as the basis for a successful marriage
C) look up to those who marry for the sake of wealth
D) consider romantic love to be the most desirable thing in the world
60. What can we learn from the second paragraph about romantic love?
A) It is a common occurrence among the old.
B) It is primarily depicted by books.
C) It is characterized by mutual attraction.
D) It is rejected as flighty and irrational.
61. According to the passage, the author believes that .
A) romantic love makes people unable to think clearly in the process of mate selection
B) only romantic love can make a marriage happy ever after
C) much more practical considerations can also be the basis for a successful marriage
D) romantic love plays an insignificant role in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450—1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasure of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
62. The word “eventually” in line 3 means that .
A) music historians used the term “Renaissance” after other historians did
B) most music historians used the term “Renaissance”
C) the term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians
D) music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently from other historians
63. The phrase “frowned on” in Line 9 is closest in meaning to .
A) given up B) forgotten about C) argued about D) disapproved of
64. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of .
A) communication among artists across Europe
B) spirituality in everyday life
C) a cultural emphasis on human values
D) religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes
65. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?
A) It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.
B) It had little emotional impact on audiences.
C) It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.
D) It did not contain enough religious themes.
66. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?
A) The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.
B) The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.
C) Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.
D) During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long. Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Most people who work in London get a break of about an hour for lunch. 67 they mostly live too far to go back home 68 lunch, they are obliged to 69 other arrangements for their midday meal. Many large firms have a canteen for their employees.
In 70 canteens the food served is plain but 71 , and although there is some 72 of choice, the number of dishes 73 usually small. The employees themselves fetch their dishes 74 a counter at which they are 75 . There they can find a tray on 76 to carry their knives, forks, spoons, plates, cups, saucers, 77 , of course, their food. A meal in a canteen is inexpensive and may 78 of soup, fish and chips or meat and two vegetables, 79 fruit or a pudding of some 80 as dessert. Some firms that do not run a canteen 81 their staff with luncheon-vouchers(午餐券), which many restaurants will accept in 82 of money. As there are so many people 83 work in London, there are numerous cafés and restaurants in every area that is not purely residential. A meal 84 cost anything from a modest sum to quite a few pounds, 85 on the restaurant and the food chosen. 86 , one can generally get a meal, or at least a snack, in a pub(酒吧). In recent years there has also been a big increase in the number of “take-away” food shops of all kinds.
67. A) While B) As
C) Although D) Unless
68. A) in B) at
C) for D) before
69. A) make B) bring
C) take D) use
70. A) such B) same
C) few D) other
71. A) limited B) excessive
C) full D) adequate
72. A) difference B) variety
C) change D) exchange
73. A) are B) being
C) is D) been
74. A) from B) along
C) with D) to
75. A) kept B) served
C) made D) waited
76. A) it B) them
C) which D) those
77. A) and B) but
C) or D) except
78. A) compose B) comprise
C) consist D) count
79. A) with B) about
C) of D) by
80. A) category B) sort
C) pattern D) name
81. A) afford B) invest
C) prepare D) provide
82. A) request B) place
C) case D) face
83. A) in B) on
C) at D) over
84. A) must B) need
C) should D) may
85. A) depending B) taking
C) relying D) holding
86. A) Moreover B) However
C) Still D) Likewise Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentence on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. (虽然他们有很多共同之处)， but they never became true friends.
88. The talk (促进了双方的彼此了解) .
89. The applicants for the positions (年龄在18岁到22岁不等) are mostly interested in the training opportunities promised in the want ads.
90. We will make the deal (严格依据
合同
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条款).
91. Sometimes (承受剧痛的病人) can be helped by “drugs” that aren’t drugs at all but rather sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.
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