2014年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解专项试题(二)

职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解专项试题(二) 一、阅读理解（共35小题,共105.0分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第1题 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers A concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road. The car's sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a driver's sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver's palm. Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example, Sweden's Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start. Nissan's new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest. The car technology is still in development, but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. "For example, if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used," Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015. The car's seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be improved. "If you drink one beer, it's going to register, so we need to study what's the appropriate level for the system to activate," he says. In the UK, some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept care? A It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk. B It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car. C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system. D It has a breathalyzer-like detection system. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 选项A、B、D所述内容都可在短文的第一、第二段中找到。第二段最后一个句告诉我们，传感器装在司机和乘客的座椅里，而不是在点火系统里，所以选择C。 第2题 What has Volvo developed? A The same detection system mentioned in the previous paragraph. B A breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt. C A smart car seat belt. D An intelligent engin 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 短文第三段告诉我们，沃尔沃公司也发明了一种相类似的酒精检测装置，安装在保险带上。所以B是正确选择。 第3题 What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4? A It monitors the driver's eyes to see if he needs a rest. B It judges if the driver wants to pull over. C It judges if the driver wants to take a rest. D It issues an alarm when the driver speaks. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 第四段描写了安装在概念车仪表板上的照相机的功能。相机跟踪司机的眼睛的活动从而监测司机是否保持清醒状态，如果发现司机需要停车休息，便用英语或日语发出警告。所以除A以外，其他选择都不正确。 第4题 According to Doi,______. A the overall effectiveness of the detection technology has improved. B Nissan is making a timetable to market the detection system. C it is impossible to improve the overall effectiveness of the detection system. D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rat 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 短文第五段说，这种监测技术仍然在发展之中，使用不同的监测系统应能改进这项技术的整体有效性，所以A和C都不是正确选择。该段的最后一句说，日产公司并不准备将这种监测系统推向市场，但它的目标是使用这种技术到2015年将日产车的事故率年减少到1995年的一半。所以B也不是正确选择，只有D表达了Doi的意思。 第5题 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6? A An external camera checks that the car is going properly. B The car will automatically keep to its lane. C The seat belt will tighten when the driver is found drowsy. D The technology of the alcohol odor sensor should be improved 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 选项A、C、D在短文第六段都能找到，但是却找不到选项B所表达的意思。 第6题 A Sunshade for the Planet Even with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global wanning. It has become clear that even if we take the strongest measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough. Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is, a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geo-engineering" projects that might be used to counteract global wanning. "I use the analogy of methadone," says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. "If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin. " Basically the idea is to apply "sunscreen" to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth; launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays. It's controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more. According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks that______. A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming. B to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission. C despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming. D actions suggested by scientists will never be realize 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 短文第一段讲了防止地球变暖是一项艰巨的任务，第二段说，尽管如此，科学家还是有一些办法，所以C是正确选择。A是错误选择，因为作者认为政府和一些利益集团阻碍了科学家所倡导的行动的实施；B不是作者的观点；D也不是正确选择，因为第一段的最后一句might not be implemented soon enough并不表明永远不能实现。 第7题 Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to______. A know what they are doing. B feel their efforts are useless. C think the problem has been solved. D see the real problem. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 文章的第二段说，即使最糟糕的情况发生，科学家还是有几招的。但他们不希望讨论他们的招数，因为恐怕人们不再有危机感而削弱彻底解决问题的努力，所以c是正确选择。 第8题 What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone? A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict. B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict. C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict. D Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 文章的第二段中，Stephen Schneider教授将自己解决地球变暖问题的办法比作美沙酮，因为在瘾君子拒绝正常住院治疗时，服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。所以，A是正确的选择。 第9题 What is Stephen Schneider's idea of preventing global warming? A To ask governments to take stronger measures. B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth. C To apply sunscreen to the Earth. D To decrease greenhouse gases. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 文章最后一段的第一个句子提供的答案。 第10题 What is NOT true of the effectiveness of"sunscreen", according to the last paragraph? A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the wanning. B It blocks the incident energy in the sun's rays. C It is a controversial method. D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmospher 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 短文最后一段描述了sunscreen如何解决地球变暖问题。尽管有争议，但是研究证明，“太阳屏”能反射和阻碍阳光，起到抵消由温室效应引起的地球升温。最后一段的第三、四句是理解这个问题的关键。D不是文章所表达的内容，所以是正确答案。 第11题 Thirst for Oil Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil. Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are still ple.ntiful; its reserves are five times larger than oil's. Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the world's energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of oil Comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tons of carbon, and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13~C. Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice. "...we will need to cure our addiction to oil." Why does the author say so? A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. B Oil supply is increasing all the time. C Demand for oil is increasing all the time. D Oil supply is decreasin 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 答案在第一段最后一句l中，这里的supplies指oil supplies。 第12题 Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph? A Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal. B The use of coal is declining. C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil. D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choic 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 短文的第二段告诉我们，木材曾经是主要燃料来源，然后被煤所替代；白人们开始采油后，对煤的需求下降了，但因为煤的储量远大于石油，它可能又会成为主要燃料，尽管它对环境最具破坏力。所以A、B、D均是作者的意思，而C不是。 第13题 Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum? A The United States B Russia C Norway D Venezuela 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 文章的第三段说，美国消耗全世界四分之一的石油。 第14题 What do experts say about the earth's fuel reserves? A The earth's fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years. B There will soon be an energy crisis. C Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible. D Fuel demand will declin 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 答案在第五段第二句中。该段第一句说，地球上的燃料储量将在50年内耗尽，所以A不是正确选择；第三句的意思是，常规燃料的获取将变得困难，而不是不可获得，所以C也不是正确选择；D明显不是作者的意思。 第15题 What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph? A Rainforests will be destroyed. B Arctic ice will be melted. C The earth's temperature will be raised. D The sea level will go up. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 选项A、B、C都是最后一段中所表达的意思，所以D是正确选择。 第16题 Problems of Anxiety Training as mental-health professionals is supposed to be "color blind". That sounds fine but in practice it means that people from black and ethnic groups get an unfair treatment because their particular problems are seldom acknowledged. So a project was piloted involving Bangladeshi women in inner-city London, most of whom migrated to the U.K. in the 1960s and 1970s from a rural background. Many of these women turned to their doctors with common symptoms of anxiety, such as headaches, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite and lack of energy. They were usually prescribed tranquillizers or even Vitamin C. Since the underlying causes remained, the women visited their doctors with increasing frequency and some were referred on to mental-health professionals. The psychologists wanted to see how normal Western approaches to anxiety problems might work when applied across cultures. However, they found that many things in the standard approach had to be changed. They had to translate many of the usual examples they would normally compare learning to relax with learning to drive, for instance, which would not have been culturally appropriate. At first they asked the women to rate, on a scale one to ten, the effect of relaxation on their level of anxiety. They found numbers an odd way of expressing how they were feeling. So psychologists shifted their focus to words and talked of five stages form "very good" to "very bad". As it was a pilot project, there were shortcomings. Psychologists looked for too little back-up and did not collect as much objective data as they might have done with a white group. They fell into the white stereotype of assuming that Bangladeshi women would find the use of various checklists and written records foreign. Perhaps racism has conditioned the professionals to a greater extent than they expected. Psychologists found that using a Western model across cultures has potential. But it needs political, financial and personal commitment. What is meant in Para 1 by "color blind"? A. Not liking people from ethnic groups. B. Giving special treatment to ethnic groups. C. Unable to distinguish certain colors. D. Not treating ethnic groups differently. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 本题是推理题。文中第二句说color blind听起来是不错的，但实际中有色人群受到的是不公正的待遇。由此可判断出color blind本来旨在公正地对待有色人群，即要忽略肤色的差异，对有色人群一视同仁。color blind本意是“忽视颜色”，此文中比喻要同等对待不同肤色的人。A、B选项走了两个极端，既不符合该词本意，也不符合文中意思；C选项“不能区分一些颜色”是color blind的字面意思——色盲，但题目问的是在文中的意思。 第17题 The Bangladeshi women continued to visit their doctors because ______. A they were lonely and isolated B the reasons for their problems were still there C they were prescribed drugs D they were referred to mental health professionals 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 本题是细节题。文中第二段最后一句，“因为潜在的原因没有消除，所以这些孟加拉妇女更频繁地看医生。”B说是因为她们的问题仍然存在，是原文的同义转述。A选项“她们感到孤独、孤立无援”，很有可能是其原因之一，但无法在原文找到依据。医生给他们开的是镇静剂等常规药，不是C选项所说的毒品。由第二段最后一句可判断D选项“被推荐去看心理健康专家”是事情的结果，而不是原因。 第18题 The standard approach to treating anxiety had to be changed because ______. A the cultural background of the women was very different from the standard one B the Bangladeshis were exposed to racist harassment and language difficulties C the Bangladeshi women asked them to change it D the women could not relax 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 本题是细节题。从第三段第二、三句可知，心理学家发现他们不得不对标准方法进行调整，因为一些在英国常用的例子对孟加拉妇女来说在文化上不合适，即文化背景差异造成了应用困难。B选项中的“种族主义者的攻击和语言困难”在文中未提及。这些调整是心理学家自己发现必须做的，不是孟加拉妇女的要求，C选项不符合原文。D选项“她们无法放松”是这些妇女的病症，与题干无关。 第19题 What has led to the failure of the mental-health professionals' collecting sufficient data? A They fall into stereotypes resulted from the influence of racism. B They have language problems while communicating with the women. C They want to protect the women from racism. D Bangladeshi women do not want to tell the psychologists their feelings. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 本题是推理题。对试验不足的 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 是文中最后一段的内容。该段第三句指出，没有收集到充分客观数据的原因是白人心理学家陷入了对有色人群的成见，而这种成见是因为他们潜意识中受了种族主义的影响造成的。A选项是第三、四句内容的改写。原文最后一段说试验的缺点时，没有提到B选项所说的语言困难。也没有说到心理学家想保护这些妇女不受种族主义的困扰，事实上他们自己都不自觉地受到了影响，所以C选项不符。文中也没有说问题是由于这些妇女不配合造成的，故D选项不符。 第20题 Which of the following statement can best summarize the main idea of the passage? A Bangladeshi women living in Britain suffer from different levels of anxiety. B Western models prove to be unsuccessful in treating psychological problems of ethnic groups. C Mental problems of ethnic groups have not got due recognition. D People relate better to people of similar backgrounds. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 本题是主旨题。首段第二句揭示了文中的主要话题，即黑人和其他种族群体实际生活中受到不公正待遇，因为没有获得足够的重视。在第二段开始谈到他们将这种不公正待遇缩小到mental problems(心理疾病)范围，所以文中主旨可概括为C选项“其他种族的心理问题没有得到应有的关注”。A选项是事实，但不是本文讨论的中心问题，孟加拉妇女的问题只是有色人群不公正待遇的一个实例。最后一段说用西方的模式治疗其他文化背景的人的问题是有潜力的，但还需要各种努力，B选项说已经被证明是不成功的，与之矛盾。D选项本身也没错，但它只是一个细节内容，不能概括文中的中心。 第21题 Immigration and Problems Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration fights in the U.S. filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizens not criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures, including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries. Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all this growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers don't always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs. With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Government has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegals, and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back, the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help. France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted "skills and talents" visas, valid for three years. But some concern that it'll cause brain drain in developing countries. Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the U.S. in early 2006, demanding that they should be treated as ______. A animals B citizens C civilians D criminals 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 答案可以从第一段的第二句话中找到。这句话说的是：许多移民举着标语和美国国旗，要求按公民而不是罪犯对待。 第22题 Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because ______. A Canada is in desperate need of talented people B Canada can feed a much larger population C Canada is suffering from labor shortage D Canada is a multicultural country 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 答案可以从第二段中找到。前三句话是这么说的：加拿大官员说移民申请继续高涨。一些官员想把门开着。他们需要劳动力。 第23题 What has the Spanish Government decided to do? A Help immigrants find proper jobs. B Let immigrants freely enter the country. C Integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture. D Take tough measures against illegal immigration. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 答案可以从第三段中找到。第一句话是这么说的：随着大批的无证非洲移民来到加里那群岛并且没有减弱的迹象，西班牙政府决定采取严厉的措施。 第24题 After France's new immigration and integration law takes effect, it will ______. A lure overseas students back home B undermine the unity of the country C drain developing countries of talent D induce resentment among the French workers 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 答案可以从最后一段的最后一句中找到。这句话是这么说的：但是有些人担心，这个法案会导致发展中国家的人才流失。 第25题 The phrasal verb "rounding up" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ______. A capturing B encircling C separating D frightening 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 根据and并列结构中并列部分语义走向必须保持一致的原则。round up应与sending them back(遣返)保持语义走向相同，因此capturing(捕捉)是对的。 第26题 Americans Get Touchy The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to the handshake or high-five. For young people across the country, bugging is the new "Hello". Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There're the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There're the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back. As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who don't receive hugs feel left out? Could don't an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment? In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students. A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the U.S. has traditionally been reserved about touching--saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends -- people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages. In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first. Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, its not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing noses together. So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just now joining in. The word "practically" in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ______. A certainly B nearly C actively D voluntarily 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 词汇题。使用代入法，B(几乎)是最为通顺的，意即“拥抱几乎所有的人”。 第27题 Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past? A hands off "What's up" B handshake C high-five D embrace 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 用限定词in the past回到原文定位，答案出现首段。末句讲到hugging(拥抱)是新型的打招呼方式，因此选择D——拥抱不是过去打招呼的典型方式，该选项中用embrace代替了hugging。 第28题 Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT that ______. A some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure B those who don't receive hugs feel left out C theres the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment D diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 由关键词Some parents, teachers and school administrators定位到第三段第二句，因此答案应该在此前后。此段并列的两个问句讲到了A、B、C三个原因，未提及D(超长时间拥抱容易传染疾病)。 第29题 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A Teenagers across the U.S. hug everyone they see in nearly the same way. B Although some adults worry about the trend, few measures have been taken to ban on it. C Traditionally, the U.S. people have been reserved about hugging between anybody. D In some countries, its usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 此题只能结合出题顺序和选项来定位。倒数第二段的首句提供的信息与D选项内容相符，只是原文使用了双重否定结构(it is not unusual)来表示肯定。其他几个选项都与原文不符。 第30题 We can infer that the author's attitude toward the new trend of hugging is ______. A positive B negative C indifferent D conservative 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 推理题，故寻找作者对hugging(拥抱)的态度词是关键。在末段可看到这样一句话：(通过拥抱)全世界的人越来越紧密。由此可知，作者持有的态度应是积极的。故选A。 第31题 Emotions Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity (遗传) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions. Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions--fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919. The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away. Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions--which can exist at various levels of intensity--are anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind ______. A have emotions different from those of sighted persons B have some facial expression like those of sighted persons C depend only on words to express their feelings D seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 本题是一道推理题，出现在文中第二段后半部分，大意是“虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现，但是更多的时候是从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。研究表明，那些被隔离的不同人群在表达情感的时候有着相似的面部表情。”分析题干，我们知道the blind和正常人相比，属于被隔离的不同人群，但是根据原文可知他们在表达情感的时候，面部表情和正常人很相似。所以B选项为正确答案。 第32题 The James-Lange theory of emotions ______. A overlooked internal physical reactions B exaggerated the function of stimulating events C faced a challenge from counter evidence D offered a narrow interpretation of emotions 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。该题出现在文中第二段中间部分“根据詹姆斯·兰格于1880年提出的关于情感的理论，一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些生理变化作出反应，并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候，才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在另一个研究中——在一只神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究——没有得到支持”。综合分析，我们可知C选项为正确答案。 第33题 In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event? A Interpretation made. B Responses produced. C Feeling stimulated. D Action taken. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。该题出现在文中第四段中间部分。A选项为正确答案。 第34题 Emotions are compared to colors because ______. A they are classified in a similar way B they have the same influence on people's life C both of them may take on different forms D both of them may have basic elements mixed in them 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 推理题。该题出现在文中最后一段。该段讲一些神经学家进一步发展了这种理论，认为人至少有八种情感。然后这些情感相互结合就会产生其他情感，好比在绘画中，由几种特定的原料相互搭配可以产生其他色调一样。可知D选项为正确答案。 第35题 The main purpose of this writing is to ______. A arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviors B help readers enjoy pleasant emotions C outline the development of theories about emotions D analyze various emotions and physical changes 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。主旨在篇首：包括什么是情感以及人是如何交流情感的，接着谈到不同的科学家和普通人对情感是如何产生的这一问题的认识。我们可知该文章的主要目的是向大家介绍有关情感的理论是如何发展的。故C选项为正确答案。其他选项都只是谈到了文章中的细节部分，不能作为文章的主旨。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com