unit 16 Open the Door to Forgiveness

UNIT16OpentheDoortoForgivenessByLewisB.SmedesQuotesToerrishuman;toforgive,divine.?---AlexanderPopeForgivenessisthefinalformoflove.---ReinholdNiebuhrTheAuthor?LewisB.SmedesisaprofessoroftheologyandethicsatFullerSeminaryinPasadena,California.HediedonDecember19,2002,ofcomplicationsresultingfromaheadinjuryafterafallathishome.Hewas81yearsold.HisbookForgiveandForgethassoldhundredsofthousandsofcopies,saidforgivenesscomesfromunderstandingthefactthatheGodwhohasthewholeworldinhishandshasgraceforthewholeworldinhisheart.Previewcheck1._____isournaturalresponsetodeepandunfairhurts.?A.loveB.hateC.forgivingD.tolerance2.Pope____forgavethemanwhohadtriedtokillhim.?A.JohnPaulIB.JoanPaulIIC.JoanPaulID.JohnPaulII3.Wemust_____thepersonwhodiduswrong.?A.confrontB.avoidC.accuseD.abuse4._____isthepersontakingtheblameforthefualtofothers.?A.wrongdoerB.offenderC.sinnerD.scapegoat5.Hate____ifwerevengeonthosewhohurtus.?A.festersB.evensC.escalatesD.disappearsKey:BDADCStructuralanalysis?AtreediagraphOpentheDoortoForgivenessParas.1-5IntroductiontothetopicandthepowerofforgivingPart2:Part1:paras:6-18Part3:paras:19-22Part4:Para23Conclusion:forgivinggivesusanewstart.2.(7-9)confrontyourmalice3.(10-12)separatethewrongdoerfromthewrong.4.(13-16)letgoofthepast.5.(17-18)don'tgiveuponforgiveness1.(19-20)argumentagainstforgivenes2.(21-22)understandforgiveness1.(6)suggestionsIt'ssurgeryofthesoulWhat'sthefigureofspeechusedhere?metaphorhealcf.cure,remedy,treatThecreamisusedforhealingminorcutsandbruises.Thewoundsweregraduallyhealing(up).1.Atonetimethedoctorscouldn't___TB/____peopleofTB.2.Shewon‘tbesadtoolong；timewill____mosttrouble．3.Westernmedicinetendsto_____thesymptomsandnotthecause.4.Theyfoundaneffectiveherbal_____forheadachescure;heal;treat;remedy?Questions:1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“weallmuddleourwaythroughaworld…”?2.Howdoestheauthorcommentonforgivenessandhate?PARTI(1-5)Ithaslodgeditselfinyourmemory.Ithastakenrootinyourmemory.lodge:stay这件事一直留在我的记忆中。Thisincidenthaslodgedinmymemory.Cf.ThevisitorswerelodgedintheTowerHotel,ThemoneywaslodgedinaSwissbankaccount.lodgeacomplaint/protest/appeal:makeaformalcomplaint/protest/appealWeallcouldmakesomesillymistakesduetoourcarelessnessorbecauseweareinsomeconfusingstate.I'mafraidIcan'thelpyou-you'lljusthavetomuddlethroughonyourown.Muddlethrough:tomanagetodosomethingalthoughyouarenotorganizedanddonotknowhowtodoitCouldyoujustrepeatthosefigures-I'vegotabitmuddledup.Decidewhatyouwantinlife-don'tjustmuddlealong.inamuddle(n.)inanuntidyandconfusedstatemuddleourwaythroughaworldmeanwell/ill1.Even__parentscannotprotecttheirchildrenfromeverything.2.Recentchangesinhousingpolicy,though__,havedonemoreharmthangood.well-meaning,well-meantwell-meaningvs.well-meantbetray:beunfaithful/disloyalto;show,beasignHeheldhisbreath,notwantingtomaketheslightestsoundthatmightbetrayhispresence.不要辜负人民对你的信任。那军官把秘密向朋友泄露了。Don'tbetraythepeople'strustinyou.Theofficerbetrayedthesecrettohisfriends.n.betrayalabusen.v.?verbalabuse?Hehurled(astream/torrentof)abuseather.?physical/mentalabuse?drug/alcoholabuse?anabuseofprivilege/power/someone'skindness?thefacultyofforgiving?theabilitytoforgiveShehasthefacultytolearnlanguageseasily.theFacultyofArts/Science(college)?assassin?NewPope:BenedictXVIName:JosephAloisRatzingerPopeJohnPaulIIpay?payfor:receivepunishment?Weallpayforourmistakesinsomewayatsometime.?Itneverpaystotakeriskswherehumansafetyisconcerned.?(itpaystodosth.:bringagoodresult)?Hesworehe'dpayherbackforallshe'ddonetohim.?(revenge,makesb.sufferfordoingsth.wrong)?Allherhardworkpaidoffintheend,andshefinallypassedtheexam.?(besuccessful)paraphrase:Hateisamalignancy…ourhealth.Isthetumourmalignantorbenign?Fester:becomeinfected;getmoreunpleasantIt'sluckythatthewounddidnotfester.It'sbettertoexpressyourangerthanletitfesterinsideyou.Hateislikeaviciousanduncontrollablediseasethatdarkensourlifeandaffectsourhealth.cutout:tostop(esp.aharmfulactivity)?Sincemyheartattack,I'vecutfattyfoodsoutaltogether.?Ifyoucutoutsmoking,you'llfeelmuchhealthier.?Questions:Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“thewayachildopenshishandsandfreesatrappedbutterfly”?Whatisthe1stprobleminourattempttoachieveforgiveness?WhatcanbelearntfromLiz'scase?Whatcanwelearnfromthecaseoftheauthor'sdaughter?Howdoestheauthorunderstandtheguideline“Letgoofthepast”inrelationwithforgiveness?WhatdoesC.S.Lewis'sexampleindicate?PARTII(6-18)Letgoofmyhand,you'rehurtingme!Youhavetoletgoorgomad.letgo(of):stopholdingsth.Whenstartinganewbusiness,tryto__thesegeneralguidelines.anewsetofguidelines__teachersguidelines__theemploymentofchildrenfollow,for,onHedidtheworkwithhisteacher's____.guidanceGuideline:instructionsonhowsomethingshouldbedonehidesth.fromsb:keepsth.frombeingknownbysb.It'snousetryingtohidingthesecretfromhim;he'llfinditoutsoonerorlater.syn.concealsth.fromsb.paraphrase:…thefurydeniedrages…ourrelationship.Seenote.4Thehatethatwerefusetoadmitisrightthereburninginsideus.deny-denialfury-furious-infuriateflyintoafury/rageragen.v.–enrageoutrage-outrageousa.Twentypeoplewereinfectedwithtuberculosisbyonesickemployee.b.AmacrovirusspreadsbyinfectingMicrosoftWordorExceldocuments.c.Lucy'senthusiasmsooninfectedtherestoftheclass.infectious(adj.)“infect”heremeanswhichofthefollowing?compel,expel,impel,repel.propel1.A.Asaschoolboyhewas______towearshortseveninwinter.B.Ifoundthewholefilmvery______.(exciting,interesting)2.Thepupilwas______forcheating.3.ShewasinsuchamessIfelt_____toofferyourservices.4.Thepositivepolesoftwomagnets_____eachother.5.TheboatsailedacrossthePacificOcean______bywindpower.Key:compelled,compelling,expelled,impelled,repel,propelledThePrincipalaccusedparentsofnotfacinguptotheirresponsibilities.It'stimethegovernmentfaceduptospendingmoreonhealthandeducation.faceupto:tobebraveenoughtomeet?NorwillItolerateanylyingorduplicity.?Theywereaccusedofduplicityintheirdealingswithbothsides.duplicity:dishonestbehaviorthatisintendedtodeceivesb.atonement:repaymentThepriestisarepresentativeofhispeople,makingatonementfortheirsin.Thecountry'sleaderhasexpressedawishtoatoneforhisactionsinthepast.?Bible-OldTestament-Leviticus-scapegoatLeviticus:thethirdbookofOldTestamentscapegoat:Thewordnowalsoreferstoonewhoisblamedformisfortunes,oftenasawayofdistractingattentionfromtherealcauses.e.g.Thecaptainwasmadeascapegoatfortheteam'sfailure.?stripof:takeawaysth.important(title,propertyorpoweretc.)fromsb.asapunishmentstripoff/of:removesth.thatiscoveringthesurfaceof…1.ThestateboardstrippedLarsen___hispsychologylicenseonTuesday.2.Hestripped___hissweaterandthrewitontothecouch.stripcfstripeastripofpaper/stripsofbeef(alongnarrowpiece)ashirtwithblackandwhitestripes(alineofcolor)?striped:adj.ablackandwhitestripedT-shirtSyn.Cover,disguiseTherestaurantheownedwasjustacloakforhisdrug-dealingactivities.prejudicehidingunderthecloakofreligion.v.Eveningtwilightsoonspreadovertheoceanandwewerecloakedinthesecurityofdarkness.Thetalkshavebeencloakedinsecrecy.Cloakv.n.:?fallible:ableorlikelytomakemistakesParentsarefallible,justlikeeveryoneelse.Thesurveysareoftenafallibleguidetopublicopinion.?hothead:Heishotheadedandrash.reckless,impulsive,impetuous?pregnant:inthefamilyway(euphemism)paraphrase:Cathy'snewunderstanding…toforgivingsize.ThenewunderstandingCathygainedconvertedthehateinsidehertoforgiveness.mortgageherfuturetohate(inf.)Seenote7Weshallnevermortgageourindependencetoanyone,butthesakeofanymaterialinterests.WemortgagedourhousetostartPaul'sbusiness.Ittookmyparentsnearlythirtyyearstopayofftheirmortgage.?skeptical(sceptical)beskepticalofThecompany'senvironmentalclaimshavebeengreeted/regarded/treatedwithscepticismbyconservationists.?starlet:-let:asmallkindofbooklet;piglet;giveuponcf.giveup?giveupon:abandonwhatoneisdoingorplanningtodoDon'tgiveuponinvesting,eveninaflatmarket.Shehasgivenuponwritingthenovel.?giveuponsb.:stophopingthatsb.willchange,dosth.?He'dbeeninacomaforsixmonths,anddoctorshadalmostgivenuponhim.PART3(19-22)?Questions:Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Vengeanceneverevensthescore”?What'sthefunctionofparagraph19?WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofMark?letsb.offthehook:tofreesomeonewithoutblameTheofficermusthavebeenhavingagooddaybecauseheletmeoffthehookwithasternwarning.Tomhunghiscoatonthehookbehindthedoor.?BernardShaw(1856-1950)?Irishplaywrightandcritic.Hisplayscoverhistory,philosophyandpoliticalfantasy.Allhisplaysarelinkedbyauniformstyleofparadoxicalvolubility.Theyareentertainingandoftenacute.“abeggar'srefuge”apitiableexcusethatisusedtohideone'sweaknessrefuge-refugeeVengeanceneverevensthescore.Findasynfor“vengeance”inthistext.inflict/take/wreakvengeance(up)onsb.Ashecradledhisdaughter'slifelessbodyinhisarms,heswore(totake)vengeanceonherkillers.ThestormstrucktheCarolinacoastwithavengeance.(withgreatforce)vengefuladj.even:adj,advorv?Wewanttoeventheworkloadoutalittle,sothatnoonehasmorethantheycanhandle.getevenwithsb.Ihavesomeoldscorestosettlewiththatfellow.我和那家伙有些老账要清算。Itisimpossibletoreduceyourpainbyrevengingonthosewhohurtyou.paraphrase:Vengeanceneverevensthescore.paraphrase:Ittiesboth…retaliation.escalator-escalate-escalationHisfinancialproblemsescalatedafterhebecameunemployed.retaliation-retaliate-retaliatoryThePresidentorderedthebombingsinretaliationfortheattack.Blacksretaliatedbyattackingpolicemenandwhiteswhowereintheirneighborhoods.Itmakesboththeinjuredandinjurerincreasinglyvengeful.Revengewillkeephurtonourmindsforeveranddeepenit.paraphrase:Ifwealllive…beblind.Whatdoseitmeanby“eyeforaneye'brandofjustice”?Thosewhohavehurtothersmustbehurtinthesameway.brandofhumor/politics/religionPrisonhasbrandedhimforlife.Ourworldwillbecomepurposelessandtotallyrevengeful,ifwearealwaysholdahostileattitudetowardsthosewhohavedoneharmtous.ReinholdNiebuhr?ProtestanttheologianbestknownforhisstudyofthetaskofrelatingtheChristianfaithtotherealityofmodernpoliticsanddiplomacy.breakthegripV+gripbreak,ease,get,hold,keep,loosen,lose,maintain,relax,release,tightenthe~Rebelshavetightenedtheirgriponthecity.Thebabygrippedmyfingerwithhertinyhand.Wemustrememberthatweareseldommerevictimsofotherpeople'ssinsorwrongdoings.Wealsodowrongstoothers.Paraphrase:…weshouldkeep…sinnedagainst.infidelity:unfaithfulness(ant.fidelity)Inthepastsomewomenoftenhadtotoleratetheirhusband'sinfidelitybecausetheydependedcompletelyontheirmoney.highfidelity:hi-fibringon:resultin(sth.usu.unpleasant)Workingoutintherainforalongtimemaybringonafever.domineeringvs.dominantGradually,Microsoftbecamethe__companyinthesoftwarebusiness.He'sarrogantand__andneverlistenstoanyone.dominant,domineering(disapproving)?mama'sboy:(AmE)aboyormanwholetshismotherlookafterhimandprotecthimtoomuch,sothatpeoplethinkheisweakmummy'sboy(BrE)?contritionSyn.remorse,repentanceacontriteexpression?forgeto~anagreement,alliance,bond,friendship,links,partnership,relationship;(develop,form,shape)Cf.to~signature,passport(illegallycopy)PART4(23)Whyisthe“actofcreation”divine?nobleactofmovingintoanewphaseoflifedivine:superhuman;godlikeTranslation?Thedamageisduetohisnegligence,sohewillhavetopayforit.?Thehousewashiddenfromviewbyarowoftalltrees.?Whentheresultsofvotewereannounced,thePrimeMinisteracknowledgeddefeat.?Wemustfaceuptoourresponsibilitiesandnottrytogetoutofthem.?DoasItellyouandyoushallbesetfree.?Thatbookisreallyworthreadingifyou'regoingtotaketheEnglishexam.?Somegovernmentofficialswouldnotletgoofpoweroncetheyhaveseenitsbenefits.?Thegovernmenthasbeenoverthrownandthemilitaryhaskeptthecountryundercontrol.Usefulwordsandphrases?deservethehurt/punishments/praise?lodgeinone'smemory?muddleourway/along/through;inamuddle?well-meaningpeople?betrayone'sfriend?abuseachild/drug/one'spower?thefacultyofhearing?payforthewrongtheydo?cometoreconciliation?bereconciledwithsb./tosth.?amalignanttumor?cutout?letgo(ofsth.)?guidelinescf.guidance?flyintoarage/furyragev.?infectsb.;beinfectedwith?acknowledgewhathashappened?faceupto?becriticalof?keepuptheduplicity?setfree?lookfor/findascapegoat?atonefor?stripof/off?beneath/underthecloakof?Theyarefallible?mortgage?beskepticalof?giveupon?bullynv.bullysb.(intodoingsth.)?unjust?letoffthehook?takevengeanceonsb.?theescalationofproblems?retaliation?viciouscircle?breakthegrip?maritalinfidelity?bringon?domineering?acontriteapology?forgeafarhealthierrelationship?adivineactTEXTIIFORGIVENESSFREDERICLUSKIN,PH.D.?Understandingthetext:1.Listthefourstagesofforgivenesstheauthorsuggestsinthistext;2.Whydoestheauthorsaythat“forgivenesscanbealiberatingexperience”?3.Arethesefourstagesatthesamelevelorinahierarchicalmanner?4.Accordingtotheauthor,mainlyhowmanychoicesdowefaceinourlife?5.TextIandTextIIareofthesametypeofwriting.Canyoudecideit?proactiveDoyouknowitsantonym?Weshouldtakenotreactive,butproactivestepstocombatterrorism.converse,reverse,adverseandverse1.AllalongwethoughtSuewasolderthanBill,butjustthe__wastrue.2.__circumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.3.Ifdepressionisrelatedtoheartdisease,thenhighlevelsofself-esteemmightwellhavethe__effect.4.Theentireplayiswrittenin__.reverse,Adverse,converse,versereflecton/upona.Hehadtimetoreflectonhissuccessesandfailures.b.Ifmychildrenarerude,thatreflectsonmeasaparent.c.Theexcusesyougavereflectdisappointinglyonyou.d.Thiswinreflectswellonthegrowingstrengthofouryoungplayers.discretionYouaskedmetoconsultyou,nottobuyatmyowndiscretion,asbefore.Promotionsarelefttothediscretionofthesupervisor.Thejudgeexercised/usedhisdiscretionrightlytoadmittheevidence.Britishnewspapersnolongerfeeltheymusttreattheroyalfamilywithdiscretion.Thechoiceofanappropriateprocedureisthereforeamatterwithinhisdiscretion.Takeoffens/ce(at)Hedidn'tseemtotakeoffenceatmylackofenthusiasmforhisidea.Lanedidnottakeoffenceathisboss'scomment,nordidheslowdown.Canyouthinkofothersthatmaycollocatewithoffence?avoid,carry,cause,commit,create,givean~.Itsverb?makesensea.Itmaynotmakesensetorebuildthehousesdamagedbythefloods.b.Therearepartsoftheplanthatsimplydon'tmakesense.c.Bothwritingandspeechrequirecontexttomakesenseofwhatmightformallybeambiguous.d.Woulditmakesenseforthecityauthoritiestofurtherrestrictparking?grievanceGiveasyn.anditsverbalform.Shefiledagrievancelastyearafterhersupervisorrefusedtopromoteher.Themeetingsgiveemployeestheopportunitytoexpresstheirviewsorairgrievances.Hegrievedforwhatwaslostandwhathadnevercometobe.getsidetrackedIwasgoingtoaskhim,buthegotsidetrackedbythisguyandInevergotachance.Ioncewantedtobeameteorologistbutgotsidetrackedintothis.Translation:1.朋友也许会背叛我们，上级也许会欺压我们，亲人也许会对我们不抱希望；但所有这些不是使我们仇恨的原因，因为仇恨是一个毒瘤，让我们变得极易受伤，时刻准备报复。2.打开通向宽仁之心的那扇大门既难又易。如果不能捐弃前嫌、坦陈自己的不满，而是故作镇定，让仇恨充斥自己的记忆，那这扇门就有千斤重；反之，如果我们不计自己的未来，一味仇恨，只想着给自己的对手带去痛苦，这扇门真的很难打开。这全有我们自己决定。