初中英语语法-被动语态-被打的豆豆

被打的豆豆 被动语态讲解 遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。 你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。 Doudou is always beaten by someone. 昨天晚上 ，夜黑风高，它又被打了。 Doudou was beaten yesterday evening. 明天，豆豆还会面临n顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。 Tomorrow ,Doudou will be beaten several times . 可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。 Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years. 我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打 。 Our dear doudou is being beaten now . 随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。 Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime . 语法精讲——被动语态 被动语态的基本构成： be+动词的过去分词 （be+done) 1.一般现在时 am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him. 2.一般过去时 was/were+done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 3.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him. 4.现在完成时 has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态 can/may/must/should +be done I can find him. He can be found by me. 被动语态的用法 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 这块手表是中国制造的。 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者 每年都应该种更多的树。 This watch is made in China. Many trees should be planted every year. 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。 许多房屋被冲走了。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. Many houses were washed away by the flood. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语） （宾语） 主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者 被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者 （主语） （宾语） 说明： （1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 （2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。 （3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来 的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her. 2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时， 通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.） His mother gave him a present for his birthday He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时， 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动. Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟） =The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等变为被动结构时，要加to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building =A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等， 也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体， 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday 补充部分 1. 主动结构表被动意义 某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能 的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。  This kind of shirt sells well. 2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。 例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious. 3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。 例：This book is worth reading. 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。 5、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义： 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成 动宾关系时，如： 我有许多事情要做。 他有几项任务要完成。 I have a lot of things to do. He has several tasks to complete. 2. 在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中， 常见句型有： n. +be + too + adj. + to do… The plane is too high to see. 2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do… The book is cheap enough for me to buy. 3) n. + be + adj. + to do… The question is not easy to answer. 课堂练习 （一）改写句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year. _________________ by us in spring every year. 2. She posted the letter yesterday. ____________________ by her yesterday. 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _______________a birthday present by Mr Turner. 5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. ______________________________ by you tomorrow. 6. She is going to write a letter. __________________________ by her. Trees are planted The letter was posted I was given Your homework may be handed in A letter is going to be written 7. I have given you the new book. __________________________ to you. 8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _________________ her bag. 9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _________________________Russian songs by you? 10. She doesn’t let her son swim in the river. _______________________ in the river by her. 11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. __________________ the bridge at this time last year. 12. Does she often sing the song? _____________________ by her? The new book has been given She cannot find Is she often heard to sing Her son isn’t let to swim They were building Is the song often sung  1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．   A． are not kept；will have to   B． are not kept；have     C． do not keep；will have to     D． do not keep；have to     2. The fifth generation computers, ____and perfected now.  A. developed B. have developed  C. are being developed D. will have been developed  3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．     --- Yes，it all depends on the weather．     A． I've been told   B． I've told  C． I'm told      D． I told A C A 4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.  A. has completed    B. completes  C. has been completed  D. is completed  5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.  A. cut      B. are cut  C. are being cut     D. had been cut  6. The new bridge ___ by the end of last month.   A. has been designed         B. had been designed  C. was designed       D. would be designed 7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.   A. breaks       B. has broken  C. was broken              D. had been broken   D C B C 8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.    A. have been taken place; have been set up  B. have taken place; have been set up  C. have taken place; have set up   D. were taken place; were set up  9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.    A. had costed  B. costed C. is costed D. cost  10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.         --- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?  A. is being built    B. has been built  C. is built     D. is building  11.--- Do you like the cloth?       --- Yes, it ___ very soft.  A. is feeling    B. felt    C. feels    D. is felt B D A C 12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．  A． write    B． to write  C． to be written    D． written  13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．  A． to type         B． typing  C． to be typed    D． typed  14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.  A. won’t wash out  B. won’t be washed out  C. isn’t washed out  D. isn’t washing out  15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.  A. be put up   B. give in  C. be turned on   D. go out B C A D 16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.   A. belongs     B. are belonged to  C. belongs to    D. belong to  17. --- What do you think of the book?        ---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.   A. to read  B. to be read C. reading D. being read  18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.    A. catching    B. to be caught  C. being caught   D. to catch     19. This page needed ___ again.   A. being checked  B. checked  C. to check    D. to be checked  20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it. A. Having taught   B. Having been taught  C. taught     D. Teaching  D C C D B