全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4学生用书 课后习题答案后附test yourself 紧张词翻译

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4学生用书课后习题 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 后附testyourself紧张词 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc UNIT1VocabularyI.1.Tlalliance;2.Tiesatthecostof;3.Bestroke;4.Mslimp;5.Teesminus;6.Ttregions;7.Tedeclarations;8.Ansiege;9.Odraw;10.Btbidehistime;11.Tyeshavetakentheirtoll;12.Wyinthecaseof短文填空Inbring1.allow;2.reckoned;3.highly;4.forecasts;5.rapidly;6.instant;7.delivery;8.advantage;9.observing;10.powerful;II.1.翻译1)多收Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedingettingtheautumnharvestinonthefarm.2)我器Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.3)菲望Havingbeenoutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.4)作确Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgment.5)既位Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofpollution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.UNIT2VocabularyI.1.expansion;2.automated;3.vapor;4.takecontrolof;5.hazards;6.satellite;7.vibrated;8.magnetic;9.bunched;10.intheair;11.got/wasstuckin;12.approximately;短文填空1.generates;2.related;3.revolutionized;4.enabled;5.opportunities;6.overall;7.manufacturing;8.dependent;9.interact;10.fatalities;II.1.翻译6)Therewasanunusualquietnessintheair,exceptforthesoundofartilleryinthedistance.7)TheexpansionofurbanareasinsomeAfricancountrieshasbeencausingasignificantfallinlivingstandardsandanincreaseinsocialproblems.8)Theresearchshowsthatatmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsarecloselycorrelatedwithglobaltemperatures.9)Thefrequencyofthebusservicehasbeenimprovedfrom15to12minuterecently.10)Thediverstoodontheedgeofthedivingboard,poisedtojumpatthesignalfromthecoach.UNIT3VocabularyI.1.rude;2.physically;3.structure;4.madeadifference;5.blurted(out);6.chuckling;7.measurable;8.prospective;9.preparations;10.sparkled;11.tookacrackat;12.partner;短文填空1.encouraging;2.inquiry;3.relevant;4.samples;5.references;6.advice;7.preparing;8.seriously;9.probably;10.exhibit;II.1.翻译11)Despitetheinadequatelengthoftheairstripinthisemergencylanding,theveteranpilotmanagedtostoptheplaneaftertaxiingforonlyoshortwhile.12)Grilledbythereporters,themoviestareventuallyblurted(out)thatshehadundergonetowplasticsurgeries.13)Wehavethetechnologyandourpartnerhasthecapital.Workingtogether,we’llhavethefutureinourhands.14)IfIhadknownbeforehandthatyouwouldbringsomanyfriendshome,Iwouldhavemadebetterpreparations.Yousee,Ihavebarelyenoughfoodanddrinksforasnack.15)Peoplegavegenerouslyuponlearningthatnewschoolroomswithstrongerstructuresweretobebuiltintheearthquake-strickenarea.UNIT4词汇1advantageous2letalone3witnessingvanishing4landmark5entitled6displace7Established8patrioticstrengthen9contradictions10aspires11divorced12pendulums短文填空1.aided;2.effects;3.distances;4.connected;5.invested;6.features;7.prevailing;8.qualingushing9.volume10.distinguishing翻译因为……其他地方DuetohispessimisticoutlookonEuropeaneconomy,JohnhasmovedhisassetsfromEuropetoelsewhere.我喜欢……职守Ilikehiringyoungpeople.Theyareearnestlearnersandcommittedtowork.玛丽…..成长Unlikehergirlfriendswhocentertheirlivesontheirchildren,Marycaresmoreaboutherpersonalgrowth.有一天……回事Whyisitthataconsiderablenumberofcolleaguesareatoddswithyou?中国……合作TheChinesegovernmenthasintroducedavarietyofpoliciestostrengthencooperationwithdevelopingcountries.UNIT5VocabularyI.1.Inaway;2.inaccordancewith;3.vacancy;4.ingoodcondition;5.transparent;6.rub;7.spicy;8.hitherto;9.with(a)badgrace;10.instinct;11.pawned;12.current;短文填空1.suspected;2.pleading;3.confirmed;4.stunned;5.lucrative;6.jewellery;7.wealthy;8.urge;9.spell;10.arrested;II.翻译1.16)IhaveaninstinctthatHenrywillseektojointheexpedition,becauseheissomethingofanadventurer.17)Heiscapableofstickingtothetaskathand,evenifheisexposedtonoises.18)Thetrademarkwasregisteredinaccordancewith与一致thelawshitherto到目前为止inforce.19)Oddlyenough,manypeoplevolunteeredtohelporganizethemeeting,butonlyafewturnedup.20)Theteacher’saffectionatewords,alongwithhiscandidcomments,changedthewayMikeperceived感知thesocietyandhimself.UNIT6VocabularyI.1.appliances;2.comparative;3.multiply;4.distribution;5.prosperity;6.decorate;7.famine;8.largequantitiesof/alargequantityof9.streamline;10.fax;11.pointedthewayto;12.bewildered;短文填空1.advantage;2.wisely;3.faithfully;4.waking;5.includes;6.schedule;7.sticking;8.priorities;9.set;10.respect;II.翻译1.21)Theyareexploringthenewfrontiersofmedicalscienceinanattempttofindremediesforincurablediseases/curesfordiseasesthatarebeyondremedy治疗sofar.22)Heruniqueteachingmethodsapart,MsWilson,mymathteacher,nevertriedtocramknowledgeintomyhead.23)TheregularweatherforecastbytheCentralTVStationkeepsusupwiththechangesofweatherwhereverwegoonatrip.24)Theappalling骇人的explosionstartedabigfireandcausedthepartialcollapse坍塌ofthebuilding.25)Inthemodernworld,therearemorewaysthanevertowasteawaytime,andallkindsofdistractionsareeatingintoourprecioustime.阅读理解Theinterviewisanimportanteventinthejob-huntingprocess,becausethe20or30minutesyouspendwiththeinterviewermaydeterminewhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.Therefore,itisimportanttorememberthatyourobjectiveduringtheinterviewmaydifferfromtheobjective目的ofthepotentialemployer.Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.Itisencouragingtoknowthattheinterview’staskisnottoembarrassyouortotripyouup,buttohiretherightpersonforthejob.Remember,jobhuntingisverycompetitive.Anythingyoucandotoenhanceyourinterviewtechniques技术willbetoyouradvantage.Thefollowingsuggestionsmayhelpyoulandthemostimportantjob.Yourgoalinthisinterviewistomakesureyourgoodpointsgetacross.Theinterviewerwon’tknowthemunlessyoupointthemout,sotrytodothisinafactual真实的andsinceremanner.Donotmakeslightingreferences一点也不要提到toformeremployersorprofessors.Ifyouhavebeenfiredfromajobandtheinterviewerasksaboutit,befrankinyouranswer.Showtheinterviewerthatyouareinterestedinthecompanybyaskingrelevantquestions.Askaboutresponsibilities,workingconditions,promotionopportunitiesandfringe（附加）benefitsofthejobyouareinterviewingfor.Ifatsomepointyoudecidetheinterviewisnotgoingwell,donotletyourdiscouragementshow.Youhavenothingtolosebycontinuingashowofconfidence,andyoumayhavemuchtogain.Itmaybereal,oritmaybeatesttoseehowyoureacttoadverse不利的conditions.Someinterviewersmaybringup提出salaryearlyintheinterview.Atthistime,youmayindicate表明thatyouaremoreinterestedinajobwhereyoucanproveyourselfthanaspecific特定的salary.Thispolitelypassesthequestionbacktotheinterviewer.Ifpossible,youshouldnegotiate洽谈forsalaryafteryouhavebeenofferedajobandwhenyouarewhenyouarereadytocompletethepaperwork.1.Togetthejobyouwant,duringtheinterviewyoushould_________A.avoidtheinterviewer’squestionsthataredesignedtotripyouup.B.rememberthatyouarethebestqualifiedcandidate.C.makeyourselfstandoutastherightpersonforthejob.D.keepinmindthatitdetermineswhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.2.Ifyoudidnotgetalongwithyourformeremployer,you_______A.shouldtelltheinterviewerfrankly.　　B.shouldnotspeakillofhim.C.shouldrefertohiminafactualmanner.　D.shouldnevermentionit.3.Whenyoufindtheinterviewisnotgoingwellyoushould_______.A.keepupyourconfidence.B.bringittoanendassoonaspossible.C.tellyourinterviewerhowyoureacttoadverseconditions.D.tellyourselfyouhavemuchtogainandnothingtolose.4.Thebesttimetodiscussyoursalaryis_________.A.whenyouhavebeenofferedthejob.　　B.attheendoftheinterview.C.afteryouhavecompletedthepaperwork.D.whentheinterviewerbringsthismatterup.5.Themostimportantthingtododuringaninterviewis_________.A.tomakeyourstrengthsunderstood.B.toshowyourintenseinterestinthejobyouareapplyingfor.C.tobefrankandsincere.D.tobenaturalandconfident.答案：CBAAALikemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,especiallybecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe“CaroftheFuture”.Theyfeaturedunconventionalthingslikesmallnuclearreactors反应堆aspowersources.Yet,frankly,mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsarelikelytochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.Itmaynotburngasoline,Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.Airbagsaren’tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions（碰撞),theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren’tgoingaway,andinfact,youcanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.Betterthansystemstominimize（使减少到最低限度）injuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappening.Futurecarsmaybeabletoremovemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,andtailgating.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Asearlyasnextyear,you’llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou’reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon’tbetechnicallypossible,andMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars,butsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafesystemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisabled.71.Whywastheauthorfascinatedbycarsbecause_______.A.othersmallboyslikedtoownacaroftheirown,too.B.hereadunconventionalthingsaboutcarsinhisbrother’smagazines.C.hisoldestbrotherlovedtotakehimtoplacesinhiscar.D.hesubscribedtocoolcarmagazines.72.Bysaying"mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo",theauthormeansthat_____.A.mycarisfarbetterthanmybrother’sB.mycarisnotasgoodasmybrother’sC.notmuchhaschangedintheperformanceofcarssofarD.muchimprovementhasbeenmadeinthedesignofcarsrecently73.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?A.Theyareinneedoffurtherimprovement.B.Theyaregoingtodisappeargradually.C.Theykillpeopleinsteadofprotectingtheminlow-speedcollisions.D.TheyareastandardfeatureofEuropeancars.74.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver'ssystem?A.Theywillgiveawarninginadvance.B.Theywillbrakeautomatically.C.Theywilleaseuponthethrottle.D.Theywillnotstart.75.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.PeoplewillgiveupallcontroltotheircarsB.Carswillbeabletodrivethemselves.C.Nocarswilleverbreakdownontheroads.D.Carswillallbeequippedwithfailsafesystem.答案：BCADBU5TOU8Istudypoliticalviolence暴力foraliving,yetI,too,amshakenandunsurehowtoreact.AsIsitheretodayinmyoffice,onlyafewmilesfromthestill-burningPentagon,imagesoftheslaughter屠杀inmynativeNewYorkdominate统治mythoughts.Itmakesithardtoconcentrateonwork,anditmakestheeverydaythingsseemsotrivial轻微的.Onlynow,twenty-fourhoursafterthetragedy悲剧begantounfold，展开haveIbeguntorealizehowthishasaffectedmeonsomanylevels.AsanAmerican,Ifeelthreatened危机的andconfused,whereonlyyesterdayIfeltproudandinvincible(不可战胜的).Asacitizenoftheglobalcommunity,Ihavebeenshockedintotherealityofthereachofglobalterrorism.Asahumanbeing,Iamappalledatthecrueltyandinhumanityoftheseactsofterrorism.Assomeonewhohopestounderstandunspeakableacts,Iamatalosstounderstandthisone,perhapsbecauseithitssoclosetohome.Iknowonlythesethings:Someone,forsomereason,hasdecidedtostrike打击attheUnitedStates.Despitethemanypeoplekilled,theintendedtargetofthisattackwasAmericanpower.ThegoalwastostrikeaparalyzingfearintotheheartsandmindsofallcitizensoftheU.S.,andperhapsitsallies协约国aswell.Thus,we--allofus--aretherealtargetsofthisattack.Thisexplainswhymanyofus,eventhoseofuswhowerenotneartheattacks,orwhoknewnooneaffectedbythem,feltthistragedysodeeply.Yetwemustnotsuccumb屈从tofear,forifwedotheterroristshavewon.Surelyourliveswillbedifferentnow.Wemaybemoreaware,moreinconvenienced不方便,moreinsecure不安全.Butwemustlearntodealwiththistragedyandtomoveon,toliveourlivesasfullyandasentirelyasbefore.Icametomyofficetoday,eventhoughclassesherehavebeencancelled,tolivemylifeasnormallyaspossible,fortodosointhefaceofyesterday'sterroristattacksisitselfanactofdefiance.D21.Howdidtheauthorfeelfollowingtheterroristattack?A)HefeltproudandinvinciblebecauseAmericansdidnotsuccumbtofear.B)Hefeltrelievedbecausenoonedeartohimwasinjured.C)HefeltsorryforthosekilledorinjuredinthetragedyD)Hefeltthreatenedandconfusedbecausehecouldn'tunderstandit.A22.The"unspeakableacts"(Para.2)theauthorhopestounderstandare________.A)actsofpoliticalviolenceB)actsofattacksforunknownreasonsC)actsofwarD)actsofmurderA23.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor________.A)didnotexpectglobalterrorismcouldhitAmericaB)hadadeepunderstandingofterrorismevenbeforetheattackC)knewthatAmericanswouldnotsuccumbtoterrorismD)believedthatlifewouldgoonasbeforedespitetheattackC24.Accordingtotheauthor,theaimoftheterroristattackis_________.A)tokillasmanyAmericansaspossibleB)tomakeAmericansawareoftheterrorists'strengthC)tosowpanicamongtheAmericansD)todestroythevitalinstitutionsoftheAmericanGovernmentC25.Theauthor'spurposeingoingtohisofficeonthedayfollowingtheterroristattackis________.A)togiveclassesB)todiscusstheterroristattackwithhiscolleaguesC)toshowdefiancebylivinghislifeasnormallyaspossibleD)togetthelatestnewsoftheterroristattackGraycloudsmoveaslowassmokeoverthetreetops树梢atLoloPass.Thegroundiswhite.ThedayisJune10.IthasbeensnowingforthepastfourdaysintheBitterrootMountains.WayneFairchildisgettingworriedaboutourtrek徒步旅行overtheLoloTrail--95milesfromLoloMontanatoWeippeinIdaho,acrosssomeoftheroughestcountryintheWest.LewisandClarkwerenearlydefeated200yearsagobysnowstormsontheLolo.TodayFairchildisnervouslycheckingtheweatherreports.Hehasagreedtotakemeacrossthetoughest,middlesectionofthetrail小路--"butwiththisweather?"WhenLewisclimbedatopLemhiPass,140milessouthofMissoula,onAug.12,1805,hewasastonished惊讶的bywhatwasinfrontofhim:"immense关阔的rangesofhighmountainsstilltotheWestofuswiththeirtopspartiallycoveredwithsnow."NobodyinwhatwasthentheUSknewtheRockyMountainsexisted,withpeakstwiceashighasanythingintheAppalachiansbackEast.LewisandClarkweren'tmerelyoffthemap;theyweretravelingoutsidetheAmericanimagination.Todaytheirpathway小路throughthosemountainsholdsmoreattractionthananyothergroundoverwhichtheytraveled,foritsrawwildernessisatestimony证明tothecharacteroftwocultures:theexplorerswhobraveditshardshipsandtheNativeAmericanswhoprizeandconserve保存thepathasasacred(神圣的)gift.Itremainstodayinvirtually实际上thesameconditionaswhenLewisandClarkwalkedit.TheLoloispassableonlyfromJulytomid-September.Ourluckisholdingwiththeweather,althoughthesnowkeepsgettingdeeper.AsweclimbtoIndianPostOffice,thehighestpointonthetrailat7,033ft.,thedriftsare15ft.andup.Wehavecovered13milesinsoftsnow,andwebarelyhaveenoughenergytomakedinner.Afteramealofchickenandcouscous,Isitonarockontopoftheridge.山脊Thereisnolightvisibleinanydirection,notevenanothercampfire.Forfourdayswedonotseeanotherhumanbeing.Weareisolatedinawaythatmixesfearwithjoy.InourimaginationwehavefinallycaughtupwithLewisandClark.26.Welearnfromthepassagethatbefore1805_A______.A)noAmericansknewoftheexistenceoftheRockyMountainsB)therewerenopeoplelivinginthewesternpartofAmericaC)nooneeverimaginedgoingwesttothePacificOceanD)theAppalachianswerethewesternfrontieroftheUnitedStates27.Judgingfromthecontext,theword"trek"(Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto_____B__.A)alonelywalkinisolatedcountryB)along,hardjourneyoverroughterrainC)atoughclimbuphighmountainsD)ajourneyoverun-traveledpathways28.WelearnfromthepassagethattheLoloPass_A________.A)remainsmuchasitwas200yearsagoB)haschangedalotsince1805C)nowattractslargenumbersoftouristsD)isthemeetingpointoftwocultures29.Judgingfromthecontext,LewisandClarkweremostprobably_B_______.A)twonativeIndiansB)explorersoftheearly19thcenturyC)merchantswhodidbusinesswiththeIndiansD)travelerswhosecuriositytookthemovertheLoloPass30.WecaninferfromthepassagethatincrossingtheLoloPasstheauthor_A_______.A)wasfollowingthetrailofLewisandClarkB)wastryingtosetaworldrecordC)wasattemptingtheimpossibleD)wasgamblingwithweatherandtakingunnecessaryrisks全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第四册第二课课文翻译第二课SmartCars1Eventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastseventyyears,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业，也将感受到计算机革命的影响。2Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.Therearepresently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld'sbiggestmanufacturingindustry.汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车，或者说每10人就有1辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。3Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,willberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.Thekeytotomorrow's"smartcars"willbesensors."We'llseevehiclesandroadsthatseeandhearandfeelandsmellandtalkandact,"predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotorsCorporation'sITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.汽车及其行驶的道路，将在21世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。“我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路，”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔?斯普雷扎预言道。4Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon'tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspapersanymore.Fullyhalfofthesefatalitiescomefromdrunkdrivers,andmanyothersfromcarelessness.Asmartcarcouldeliminatemostofthesecaraccidents.Itcansenseifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicsensorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporintheair,andrefusetostartuptheengine.Thecarcouldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreciselocationifitisstolen.美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的，另有许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。智能汽车能消除绝大多数这类汽车事故。它能通过会感测空气中的酒精雾气的电子传感器检测开车者是否喝醉酒，并拒绝启动引擎。这种车还能在遇窃后通报警方，告知车辆的确切地点。5Smartcarshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichcanmonitorone'sdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smallradarshiddeninthebumperscanscanfornearbycars.Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour"blindspot")thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.能监控行车过程以及周围行车状况的智能汽车已经建造出来。藏在保险杠里的微型雷达能对周围的汽车作扫描。如果你发生重大行车失误（如变道时有车辆你“盲点”内），计算机立即会发出警报。6AttheMITMediaLab,aprototypeisalreadybeingbuiltwhichwilldeterminehowsleepyyouareasyoudrive,whichisespeciallyimportantforlong-distancetruckdrivers.Themonotonous,almosthypnoticprocessofstaringatthecenterdividerforlonghoursisagrosslyunderestimated,life-threateninghazard.Toeliminatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboardcanbetrainedonadriver'sfaceandeyes.Ifthedriver'seyelidscloseforacertainlengthoftimeandhisorherdrivingbecomeserratic,acomputerinthedashboardcouldalertthedriver.在麻省理工学院媒介实验室，业已制造出能测知你行车时有多少睡意的样车，这对长途卡车司机意义尤其重要。一连数小时注视着中夹分道线这样一个单调、几乎能催眠的过程是被严重低估的威胁生命的重大隐患。为消除这一隐患，藏在仪表板里的一架微型相机可对准开车者的脸部及眼睛。如果司机的眼帘合上一定时间，行车变得不稳，仪表板里的计算机就会向司机发出警报。7Twoofthemostfrustratingthingsaboutdrivingacararegettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.Whilethecomputerrevolutionisunlikelytocuretheseproblems,itwillhaveapositiveimpact.Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcarpreciselyatanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.Wealreadyhavetwenty-fourNavstarsatellitesorbitingtheearth,makingupwhatiscalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.Atanygiventime,thereareseveralGPSsatellitesorbitingoverheadatadistanceofabout11,000miles.Eachsatellitecontainsfour"atomicclocks,"whichvibrateataprecisefrequency,accordingtothelawsofthequantumtheory.开车最头疼的两大麻烦是迷路和交通堵塞。虽然计算机革命不可能彻底解决这两个问题，但却会带来积极的影响。你汽车上与绕轨道运行的卫星发出的无线电信号调谐的传感器能随时精确地确定你汽车的方位，并告知交通阻塞情况。我们已经有24颗环绕地球运行的导航卫星，组成了人们所说的全球卫星定位系统。通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的方位。在任何一个特定时间，总有若干颗全球定位系统的卫星在11000英里的高空绕地球运行。每颗卫星都装有4个“原子钟”，它们根据量子理论法则，以精确的频率振动。8Asasatellitepassesoverhead,itsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacar'scomputer.Thecar'scomputercanthencalculatehowfarthesatelliteisbymeasuringhowlongittookforthesignaltoarrive.Sincethespeedoflightiswellknown,anydelayinreceivingthesatellite'ssignalcanbeconvertedintoadistance.卫星从高空经过时发出能被汽车上计算机里的接收器辨认的无线电信号。汽车上的计算机就会根据信号传来所花的时间计算出卫星有多远。由于光速为人熟知，接收卫星信号时的任何时间迟缓都能折算出距离的远近。9InJapantherearealreadyoveramillioncarswithsometypeofnavigationalcapability.(Someofthemlocateacar'spositionbycorrelatingtherotationsinthesteeringwheeltoitspositiononamap.)在日本，具有某种导航能力的汽车已有一百万辆之多。（有些导航装置通