Unit-11-ArgumentationPPT课件

Unit11Argumentation议论文ObjectivesStudentsareexpectedto:understandthefunctionsandthebasicelementsofargumentationunderstandthekeypointsofwritinganargumentationessay(3)beabletouseappropriatewaysofparagraphdevelopmentinwritinganargumentationparagraphoressayPart1Warm-upActivityArgumentsfor/againstCampusRomanceTopic:Campusromanceisverycommonincollegesanduniversities.Manystudentsthinkcampuslifeincompletewithoutcampusromance.Argumentsfor/againstCampusRomanceStep1:(3mins)Whatisyourpointofview?Haveyoueverthoughtofhavingsomecampusromancewhileatschool?(Orhaveyoualreadyhadsomeexperience?Shareyourideasaboutcampusromancewithyourpartnerifyoudon’tcare.)Argumentsfor/againstCampusRomanceStep2:(20mins)Dividetheclassintotwogroups,oneforcampusromanceandtheotheragainstcampusromanceandhaveadebateonwhethercampusromanceshouldbediscouragedincollegesanduniversities.Writedownyourargumentsincompletesentences.Argumentsfor/againstCampusRomanceStep3:(20mins)Developyouropinionsinashortarticle.Part2BasicknowledgeaboutargumentationQuestionsp90-p92(5mins)1.Whatisargumentation?2.WhatarePurposesofargumentation?3.WhatareSixaspectsofanargumentationessay?1.Whatisargumentation?Argumentationinwritingishowawriterputsforthhis/herviewsonasubjectandpersuadesreadersthatwhathe/sheissayingisimportant.例文：GoingtoWorkonBicycleRatherThanbyBusPeopleinbigcitiesprefertogotoworkonbicycleratherthanbybus.Onereasonisthetrafficjam.Crowdedpeopleandnumerousvehiclesoftenholdupthetraffic.Youcanhardlyaffordthedelay.Anotherreasonisthedifficultyingettingonthebusduringrushhours.Therearesomanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop.Youareluckilyifyoucanpushyourwayintothebus.Whathappensinthebusisthethirdreason.Pressedbythecrowdedpassengers,youfeelveryuncomfortable.Apassengerstandingnexttoyoumayshovehiselbowinyourribs,steponyourtoes,orevendropcigaretteashesonyou.Itiscertainlyonreliefwhenyoufinallygetoffthebus.Bycomparison,ridingonbicyclecanfreeyoufromallthesetroubles.Itisseldomstoppedbythetrafficjam.Itgetsyouarriveatyourdestinationintime.Also,itlimbersupyourmusclesandanimatesyourmind.例文：GoingtoWorkonBicycleRatherThanbyBusWhatistheauthor’sidea?Whatdoeshewanttopersuadehisreaders?本文开门见山，指出大城市的人宁可骑自行车而不愿乘公共汽车去上班，接着分别阐明几个原因：第一，交通堵塞，乘车容易误事；第二，人多拥护，乘车困难；第三，上车后，由于拥挤，非常难受；第四，骑自行车上班的好处。2.WhatarePurposesofargumentation?1.Tomakereadersacceptyourpositionorlendtheirsupportonasocial,political,orglobalissue2.Tomotivatereaderstowardadefiniteaction3.Tochangereaders’ideasandbehavior3.WhatareSixaspectsofanargumentationessay?AdebatablepointSufficientevidenceGoodlogicClearlogicGooduseoftheotherthreetypesofwriting—description,narration,andespeciallythevariousmethodsofexposition.Anhonestandfriendlyattitude议论文的三要素是：论点、论据和论证。论点是文章中加以阐述和说明的基本观点，解决“证明什么”的问题。论点是议论文的价值所在。一篇文章的优劣主要取决于论点。从总体上说，论点要深刻、鲜明、正确和新颖。并且论点要统一和突出。论据是用来证明论点的根据，是议论的基础，解决“用什么证明”的问题。论据可以是事例，也可以是理论，还可以是数据。论据要真实、充分和典型。论证就是用论据来证明论点的过程和方法，它解决“怎样证明的问题。论证法常用归纳法和演绎法。归纳法是从个别实例出发，最后得出一般性的结论。演绎法是从一般陈述开始，最后得出具体特殊的结论，是一种从一般到个别的推理方法。Part3Moreabout归纳法and演绎法1.Howshouldwesay归纳法and演绎法inEnglish?(P91,2mins)归纳法是从个别实例出发，最后得出一般性的结论。演绎法是从一般陈述开始，最后得出具体特殊的结论，是一种从一般到个别的推理方法。演绎论证使用三段论法，它包括大前提、小前提和结论三部分。下面是三段论的一个例子：A、所有人都会犯错误B、X是人C、所以，X会犯错误Samplesofargumentation(doc)Part4WritingTasksTask1.Writeanessayinabout120wordsonthefollowingtopic:Alotofpeoplethinkthatnationalcollegeentranceexaminationhasalotofbadeffectsonbothstudentsandteacher.Therefore,suchkindofexaminationshouldbeabandoned.Doyouagreeordisagree?Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.WritingTasksTask2.WriteanessayentitledElectronicBooksWill(Not)ReplacePaperBooks.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.　1、随着信息技术的发展，电子图 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 越来越多2、我认为电子图书会/不会取代传统图书，理由是……3、结论WritingTasksTheimpactoftheInternetonlearningExplainwhyeducationdoesn’tsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation参考答案Intheageofknowledgeexplosion,theInternetopensamagicalportalforlearnerstogetaccesstoseeminglyincessantinformation.Butisinformationequaltoknowledge?“OnceIlearnhowtousegoogle,isn'tthatalltheeducationIreallyneed?”Thisquestionfullyembodiestheprejudicedopinionthataslongaspeopleacquireabundantinformation,theywillgetpropereducation.参考答案Thereasonwhyeducationdoesn’tsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformationisthateducationisnotlimitedtothehardfactsortheoriesstudentscanlearnfromtheirtextbooksortheInternet.Itrelatestoawiderscoperangingfromtheobtainmentofpracticalskillstothedevelopmentofcharacters,whicharehardforstudentstolearnsimplybygoogling.Consequently,comprehensivelearninginschoolsthatincludeslearningknowledge,conductingexperimentsandcommunicatingwithpeersiswhattrueeducationis.Inaword,theInternetdoesprovidevaluableinformationforlearners,butpeopleshouldbefullyconsciousoftheessenceofeducationandlearntotelltherightfromthewrong.ThankYou!