彼得潘人物的分析

AbriefanalysisofcharactersofPeterPanAbstract:PeterPan,byJamesMatthewBarrie,isafamouschildrenliterature.Thewholestoryhasseventeenchapters,whichauthordividedintothreeparts.Thefirstpartisfromthebeginningtochapter4whichtellsusthatPeterPanbreaksthroughWendy’shouseandtakessheandhertwobrotherstotheNeverland.Thesecondoneisthemainbodyofthestoryfromchapter5tochapter15,whichdescribestheamazingandadventurouslifeintheNeverland.ThelasttwochaptersindicatethatfinallyWendychoosestogobackhomeandchoosetogrowup.Thispaperattemptstotalkaboutthosecharactersinthestoryandanalyseswhatthosecharactersreallystandfor.Inthispaper,authorthinkJamesBarriewantedtoexpressthelongingforthecarefreeandartlesschildhoodthroughcreatingthecharacters.Meanwhile,authorwantstohelpreadersgetdeepintothestorythroughtheimageanalysis.Keywords:character;image;childhood;reality《彼得·潘》人物简要分析摘要：《彼得·潘》是英国着名小说家剧作家詹姆斯·巴里的代表作。本书共17个章节，笔者按照故事 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 将其分为三个部分。第一个部分是第一到第四章，讲述的是彼得潘闯进了温蒂的房子并把她和她的两个弟弟一起带到梦幻岛。第二个部分是故事的中心描述的是在梦幻岛上孩子们经历的奇妙的但又冒险的生活。最后一个部分温蒂最终离开了梦幻岛选择长大成人。本文着重分析故事主要人物以及他们所代表的含义，因为笔者相信巴里先生是通过这些人物的塑造来体现他一生追求童真对美好的无忧无虑的童年的回忆的主旨。并且，笔者也将通过人物的简要分析是读者们更深层次的理解故事的主旨。关键词：人物性格；意象；童年；现实IntroductionPeterPanwasthemasterpieceofJamesBarriewhowasafamousBritishnovelistandplaywright.PeterPanisapieceofclassicchildrenliterature.Thebeginningofthestory“Allchildren,exceptone,growup.”[1]indicatesthemainthemeconnectstothegrowthofchildren.PeterPanisaboywhonevergrowup,andheliveswithfairiesintheNeverland-whereanislandcontainseveryamazingthingslikemermaids,Indianswithredskin,monsters.TogetherwithPeter,thereareagangofLostBoys“whofalloutoftheirpramwhenthenurseislookinginotherway.IftheyarenotclaimedinsevendaystheyaresentfarawaytotheNeverland.”Meanwhile,thepirates’captainisJamesHookwithhislefthandcutbyPeterwhoisthebiggestadversarytoPeterPanandalwayswantstokillhim.Oneday,PeterbrokethroughWendy’shouseandinvitedherandherbrotherstostayintheNeverland.Then,WendybecamethemothertoPeteraswellastheLostBoys.Theyplayedeverydaycarefreely,buildingtheundergroundedhouse,playingwiththemermaids,inalliancewiththered-skinnedIndians,andtheyhadagreatfightwiththePirates.Untiloneday,Wendywastiedofplaying,decidingtogoback,alsosheconvincedalltheLostBoysbacktotherealworld.Petersentthembackbutherefusedtosay.Wendy,John,MichaelandalltheLostBoyswerehavingafamilyexceptPeter.“Therecouldnothavebeenaloveliersight;buttherewasnonetoseeitexceptalittleboywhowasstaringinatthewindow.Hehadhadecstasiesinnumerablethatotherchildrencanneverknow;buthewaslookingthroughthewindowattheonejoyfromwhichhemustbeforeverbarred.”[2]Fewyearslater,Wendybecameabeautifulladyandhadababy.PetercametoWendy’shouseagainandsadlytofindthatWendyhadgrownup.PetertookWendy’sdaughterJanetotheNeverlandtobecomehismothertellinghimstories.AfterJanegrewup,shehaddaughter,too.AndPetertookhertotheNeverland,either.“Thus,itwillgoon,solongaschildrenaregayandinnocentandheartless.”[3]ThebackgroundofPeterPanBarriehasapureheartpursingtheinnocenceallhislife.Heholdstheviewthatchildrenshouldhavethecarefreetime,andmanynever-stoppingdreams.TogetherwithchildrenwastheonlyhappythingtoBarrieintherealworld.Ifhislifetime,hewasseekingthespiritualrealmwhichisassimpleaschildren,havingthemostreallaughandtaintfromthecrucialreality.Hefirmlybelievesthatbeforechildrengrowup,theyarethemostkind-heartedangel.WhenmovedtoLondon,BarrielivednearKensingtonParkwherehemademostofhisworks.Oneday,Barriebrushedanewidealwhenhesawtherewerefourverycutelittleboysplayingonthegrass.Theybuiltthecastlewithbranches,thespringsandstreamsasriversandlakes,wavingtreebranchesandsmallprops,playingtheprincesanddemonsinthefairytales.Barrieimpressedbytheirgameandwasinvitedtoplaywiththem.Endlessinspirationasspring-likemurmur,Barrydescribedthefourchildrenintoalife-likefairytalecharacters,amongthem,themostactiveandmostrebelliousboyPeterbecomingthemaincharacterPeterPan.Andthename”Wendy””John””Michael”werefromothers.Actually,anotherboy’sencounterwastherealreasonwhyBarriewantedtowritethisstory.Theboy’snamewasPeter,either,whowastheonlychildofBarrie’sneighborDavis.“Thedeathofhisfatherinhisthirteenwasahugestriketothelittleboy.Hehadtoshoulderthehitandfacethecrucialrealityquiteearly,also,thedistrusttoadultsbyhisfather’sdeathruinedhischildhood.Thusheunwillinglybecameanadultearlierthanofthesameage.”[4]Barriewitnessedthewholethingfeelingsadaboutthelittleboy,whichdrovehimtocreatePeterPan,thenevergrowupboy.ImageanalysisofmaincharactersPeterPan—thesymbolof“eternalchildhood””Allchildren,exceptone,growup.”[1]Thestorybeginswiththissentence,andfromthiswecanseeitlaidthevalueofclassicfairytales.Therefore,PeterPanbecomesthesymbolof“eternalchildhood”.Thisisnottellingreaderstoresistthenaturalpatternofgrowth,onthecontrary,istopraisethepreciousmemoriesinchildhood,whichisthemostbeautifulmusicoflife.Childrenaretheangelstobringhappinessandhopetotheworld.Atendofthestory,afterWendybroughthisbrothersandtheLostBoysbacktotheDarling’sfamily,“Itissadtohavetosaythatthepowertoflygraduallyleftthem.”[5]“Wantofpractice,theycalledit;butwhatitreallymeantwasthattheynolongerbelievedPeterPan.”[6]“Whenpeoplegrowuptheyforgetthewaytofly.Becausetheyarenolongergayandinnocentandheartless.Itisonlythegayandinnocentandheartlesswhocanfly.”[7]“Flyingisasymbol.Believinginfairytales,believinginPeterPan,youwillabletofly.”[8]Likethestorysaysthatwhenpeoplegrowuptheydonotbelievefairytales,theybecomerealistic.So,PeterPanonlyexistsinpeople’smindwheretheydobelievefairytales,dotrusthisexistence.ThefactsthatmustgrowupandthePeterPancomplex—donotwantgrowupcanbeunifiedinthereading.Thatistosay,whenwegrowup,wecanstillbelieveinfairytalesinPeterPan,weshouldstillhaveinnocentsouls.“Greatpeoplearestillchildrennomatterhowoldtheyare.”“PeterPanwasnotanimageofrefusingtogrowupinnegativevoice;however,heisthesymboloftheamazingchildhood.”[9]Eventhoughweareoutofthecarefreetimes,thepureheartandboundlessimaginationenableustoflyinPeterPan’sworld.Wendy—theimageof“motherlyloveandnature”WendyisagirlwhobefriendedPeter,andwhomhetookwithhimtotheNeverlandtobeamotherforhimselfandtheLostBoys.Also,sheactuallybelievestheexistenceofPeterPan,sowhenthefirsttimetheymet,WendyknewthelittleboywasPeter.TheonlyreasonPeterwantedtotakehertotheNeverlandisWendycantellmanystoriedtohimandtheLostBoys.TheexplanationwhytheycalledLostboysand“‘Don'thaveamother,’hesaid.Notonlyhadhenomother,buthehadnottheslightestdesiretohaveone.Hethoughtthemveryover-ratedpersons.”[10]canreflectthemiserableoflosingthemotherlyloveandeagernessofhavingamother.Wendyisthefunction.Fromtheintroduction,weknewthebackgroundofcreatingthework.Itcangettheconclusionthatlosingtheloveofparents;childrenhavetofacetherealworldearlyandunwillingly,meanwhile,endingtheartlesstimeinadvance.Thatisreallycrucialtochildren!Attheendofstory,Wendychosetogobackandchosetogrowup,tosomeextent,Wendyrepresentsthenature.Wemustobeynaturalregulation.That’swhywhenPeterunbelievesWendybecamealady.“Youpromisednottogrowup!””Peter,Icouldn’thelpit!”[11]CaptainHook—theimageof“reality”CaptainJamesHookisapirate,andPeterPan’sgreatestadversary.HeswearsrevengeonPeterforcuttingoffhishandandfeedingittoagiantcrocodile.AsthedescriptionsaysHookwasacold-bloodedandruthlessman.“Inthemidstofthem,theblackestandlargestinthatdarksetting,reclinedJamesHook,orashewrotehimself,Jas.Hook.Inpersonhewascadaverous[deadlooking]andblackavized[darkfaced],andhishairwasdressedinlongcurls,whichatalittledistancelookedlikeblackcandles,andgaveasingularlythreateningexpressiontohishandsomecountenance.Hiseyeswereoftheblueoftheforget-me-not,andofaprofoundmelancholy,savewhenhewasplunginghishookintoyou,atwhichtimetworedspotsappearedinthemandlitthemuphorribly.Inmanner,somethingofthegrandseigneurstillclungtohim,sothatheevenrippedyouupwithanair,andIhavebeentoldthathewasaRACONTEUR[storyteller]ofrepute.”[12]Toacertaindegree,Hookrepresentsthereality.Hehadacruelrealityofthesoul,whichagainstPeterPan’spureworld,sotheykeptfighting,becausethosetwoworldswereopposite.Hookfinallyendedinthefoodofcrocodile.“andhestaggeredaboutthedeckstrikingupatthemimpotently,hismindwasnolongerwiththem;itwasslouchingintheplayingfieldsoflongago,orbeingsentup[totheheadmaster]forgood,orwatchingthewall-gamefromafamouswall.Andhisshoeswereright,andhiswaistcoatwasright,andhistiewasright,andhissockswereright.”[13]Hookwasanastrayboyafterhegrewupandfacesthecrucialreality.Hebecameruthless,andwantedtodestroythesweetdreamsofPeter.Thatshowsonceyougrowup,enteringtherealworld,whichyouthoughtwasbeautifulisnotreal,anditonlyexistsinyourmind.Afterexercisingthecrucialreality,thepureplaceinyourmindisgone.EventhoughPeterPanwonthebattle,therealitywon’tchange.Tosumup,nomattertheconflictbetweencaptainHookortheotherpartofthestoryaretellinghowwonderfulcarefreelifeinthechildhoodaswellastellingtheconflictofrealityandgrowth.Weareunabletoavoidthisconflict.Onlyweremainthepurethoughtandfightwith“CaptainHook”,canwefindtheinnocentplaceinourminds.Tinkerbell—“Idobelieveinfairies.Ido,Ido.”[14]“Whenthefirstbabylaughedforthefirsttime,itslaughbrokeintoathousandpieces,andtheyallwentskippingabout,andthatwasthebeginningoffairies.““’Andso’,hewentongood-naturedly,‘thereoughttobeonefairyforeveryboyandgirl.’‘OughttobeIsn'tthere’‘No.Youseechildrenknowsuchalotnow,theysoondon'tbelieveinfairies,andeverytimeachildsays,`Idon'tbelieveinfairies,'thereisafairysomewherethatfallsdowndead.’”[15]“Theunbeliefoffairiesisexpressing,unconsciously,wesaygoodbyetotheinnocenceofachild,butalsotheendofchildhood.”[16]Inchildren’seyes,thenewworldisfullofcuriosityandunrealisticdreams.Beforetheycandifferentiatebetweentherightandwrong,theyareinnocentandartless.Oncegrowup,knowinghowtodistinguishwhattobelieveandshouldnotbelieveandtheworldisnotasbeautifulastheythought,theyarewaryoftheworldandhaveaguardintheirmind.Thetrustinfairiesisapowerfulforchildren.Thereisachapterinthestorydiscussinghowvitalthetrust.WhenTinkerbelldrankthetoxicmedicineandwoulddiessoon.Peteraskedotherboystohelp.“DoyoubelieveHecried.Tinksatupinbedalmostbrisklytolistentoherfate.Shefanciedsheheardanswersintheaffirmative,andthenagainshewasn'tsure."Whatdoyouthink"sheaskedPeter."Ifyoubelieve,"heshoutedtothem,"clapyourhands;don'tletTinkdie."Manyclapped.Somedidn't.Afewbeastshissed.”[17]Withthepowerfultrust,Tinkerbellalive.Inotherwords,thefairytales,fairiesareallliveinourtrust.Wetrustthem,theyalive.However,wedistrustthem;theydie,withallthebeautifuldreamsdisappearing.Thatremindsusdonotstopbelievingandyouwillretaintheartlesspart.Lastly,IwanttomentionwherePeterPanandfairieslive—theNeverland.Itisaworldwillneverhavetogrowuporgrowold.Astome,thereasonwhythestorywonallagegroupsreader'sheartisthatBarriehascreatedaveryattractive,fantastic,fairyrealmthatwearelongingto.BarrieexaggeratedthefunofchildrenintheNeverland,aimingtopraisethebeautifulofpureinnocence.IntheNeverland,thereexistedwhatchildrenhaslongbeenknownfromthefairytale-fairies,pirates,Indiansinredskin,littlemermaids,andtheundergroundhouse.Whatahappycarefreelife!Neverlandislikeourcarefreechildhood,meanwhilefromitsnametellsusoncegrowup;wecannotgobacktoyouth.Thoseartlessandinnocenttimesbecomeourpreciousmemories.“Wetoohavebeenthere;wecanstillhearthesoundofthesurf,thoughweshalllandnomore.”[18]ConclusionOvertheyears,coldandruthlesshavebecomeabarrierbetweenpeople.Althoughbecomingadultsrepresentsmatureandrational.Nomatterchildrenareurgentlydesiretobecome,orareafraidoftobecomeadults,wehavetofacethereality.Barriewantedtotellpeoplethatchildhoodisthemostbeautifulmusicoflife.Pleasetreasuretheprecioustimeandletchildrentheonlycarefreetimebelongtothem.Don’tdestroytheinnocenttimeinsteadofpushingthemtogrowup.PeterPanisapopularandclassicwork,attributingtheimplicationintheeternaltragicmeaning.Soitnotonlyattractedchildrenbutalsonumerousadults.ChildrenareconcerningtheadventurouslifehappenedtoPeterandWendyandcannotunderstandthelongingfortheNeverland.However,adults’attentionsareontheotherside.Thehappinessinchildhoodappealsalotofpeoplewhohavetogrowup,likeWendy.But,thebitterofcannotbebacktouchedmanypeoplewhopassedbythetime.Theworldneedsmorehopemorelaughter.Thepureheartisalwaysthedrivingforcewhenyouarelowinfrustration.LikeYegongchaosaid:”Theonlyandmostvitaldrivingforceinyourlifeisthespiritofcarefreeplayinginyourchildhood.OnceHumanlosesthisimpetus,thisuniversewouldnothavethestatusofhumanbeings."[19]ThatmakesusmoreclearthatwhenwetrytohideyourselfinourownNeverland,you’llfinePeterPanisalwaysthere.Notes[1][2][3][5][6][7]JamesMatthewBarrie,PeterPan,1904[16][19]Lili,PeterPanandtheNeverland[9]JuvenileLiterature,1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouse.[4][8]干国祥.《要不要长大——小飞侠彼得·潘导读》，新教育研究中心.[10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18]JamesMatthewBarrie,PeterPan,1904Bibliography[1]JamesMatthewBarrie,PeterPan,1904[2]Lili,PeterPanandtheNeverland,JournalofEducationStudies.[3]JuvenileLiterature,1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouse.[4]干国祥.《要不要长大——小飞侠彼得·潘导读》，新教育研究中心.