数学课堂小游戏

数学课堂小游戏 1、《森林运动会》 我在《森林运动会》一课中，就 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 了一个猜谜语的环节，让小朋友特别感兴趣。具体的游戏过程是这样的:课前我在黑板上贴了一些小朋友喜欢的小动物，这些小动物是用不同颜色的彩色纸剪的，每一个小动物身上都写了一则数字谜语。上课的时候，我首先提问:“小朋友，你们喜欢猜谜语吗,”小朋友高兴地回答说喜欢，于是我让他们一起看黑板上的小动物，说:“这些小动物每人给大家出了一则谜语，你们谁猜中了就把小动物送给谁。”小朋友一听，高兴极了，争先恐后地举手说要来猜，我让小朋友分小组来猜，每一小组猜一则谜语，结果小朋友几乎都猜出了谜语所代表的数字，所以我就把小动物奖给了他们，看到他们兴高采烈地拿着漂亮的小动物互相炫耀的样子，我的心里感到由衷地高兴。 4、《分类》 在教学《分类》这课时，一开始我就问学生:今天我们来做个游戏，好吗,学生齐声说好，所有的眼睛都注视着我，思想高度集中。此时我轻声慢语地说:“请小朋友们注意听，并按老师要求去做。小朋友们请注意，请你按我的要求做:男孩子请你站起来，女孩子请你站起来;高个子男孩坐下去，矮个子男孩坐下;长头发女孩坐下，短头发女孩坐下;大眼睛的小朋友请你拍拍手，小眼睛的小朋友请你拍拍手;穿皮鞋的小朋友请你跺跺脚，穿旅游鞋的小朋友请你跺跺脚;全班小朋友们一起跺跺脚～”在这样有趣的游戏情境中，激发学生的学习兴趣，使学生产生追求和掌握知识的精神力量,为学习《分类》做了很好的铺垫。 7、《数学乐园》 在教学实践活动《数学乐园》时，我设计一个踢毽子比赛的游戏活动，将学生按座位划分为苹果队、西瓜队、香蕉队，每队推选一名运动员和一名统计员，在30秒钟内统计踢毽子的个数，老师贴统计表，统计员用红、绿、黄彩笔做统计，其他同学数数。根据统计结果，学 )一共踢几个,(2)谁比谁多或少几个,(3)谁再踢几个就和谁同样多,„„生就会知道:(1 这样，通过不断应用数学知识，让学生在活动中解决一个个实际问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，有意识地帮助学生归纳解决问题的策略和方法，促进每一个学生掌握有效的分析问题策略，发展学生的策略知识，提高学生解决问题的能力。 8、《30以内的加法》 例如:在学习30以内的加法后，我设计了一个打扑克牌凑21的游戏活动，这个游戏活动包括了30以内所有进位(不进位)的加法。只要学生熟悉游戏规则，其学习效果令人惊喜。每四人一个小组，每个人都尽情地投入到游戏活动中，有的把头凑在一起看牌的点数，有的坐下来做记录，有的翘起小屁股趴在桌面上出牌，有的走出座位向老师请教。因为牌上有实物点，对于计算暂时不熟练的学生，还可以借助数点数的方法来计算;对于大部分学生，只要小组长的两张牌刚出手，“等于多少,”的话音未落，对方小组员已迅速抢答出得数。看到每个同学都在这种积极主动的活动中乐此不疲地学习，我感觉自己真开心，好像回到了跟他们一般年纪的童年。游戏教学，不是靠老师出色的教，而是靠学生自主的学。教师在整个教学过程中是组织者、引导者，让出大量的时间给学生游戏活动，孩子们在不知不觉中熟练了计算方法，教师的工作更加高效。这样自由的数学课堂，难怪他们这么喜欢上数学课。 9、《加、减混算》 例如，在学习加、减混算时，课一开始，我就问学生:“小朋友，你们乘过汽车吗,”同学们齐声回答:“乘过。”“好，下面我们来做‘乘汽车’的游戏。”录音机播放出小汽车喇叭声响的音乐，有6位学生上来乘汽车，到站后下去3人，又上来2人，学生通过看到的情境，马上能顺利地编出两步计算的生活中的数学题，计算就更不在话下了。这样导入新课， 1 自然贴切，趣味猛增，牢牢吸引住学生的注意力，让学生的思维活动同教师的讲课交融在一起，在游戏活动中轻松、愉快、有效地掌握了知识。 10、《平均分》 在教学“平均分”一课时，课刚开始，我就问学生:“小朋友，你们知道小猴子最爱吃什么吗,”学生们回答:“桃子。”“对。瞧，今天猴兄弟俩一块儿上山摘桃子了。你们看，他们一共摘了多少个桃子,”(让学生甲、乙扮演猴兄弟俩，搀着一篮桃子入场。)学生观察得出:“一共摘了8个桃子。”提问:“你认为怎么分最公平呢,”让学生分组讨论后派代表亲自分一分，再引导学生说出:“把8个桃子平均分给2只小猴。”进一步提问:“你想提出什么问题,”引导学生说出:“每只小猴分得几个桃子呢,”一个好的提问比一个好的回答更有价值。我联系学生生活实际，有意识地通过游戏的形式为学生创设问题情境，让学生自主发现并提出有价值的数学问题，让其产生强烈的求知欲望，并增强了他们的问题意识，“猴子分桃的游戏”功不可没。 11、《5的乘法口诀》 在教学“5的乘法口诀”中，做一个“变手游戏”，电脑屏幕上孙悟空伸出一只手，教师顺势引导学生得出乘法口诀“一五得五”，接着孙悟空再变出二只手、三只手、四只手、五只手，与此同时得出相应的乘法口诀。整个教学过程中，学生在喜爱的神话人物的吸引下，兴趣盎然、积极性高涨，在轻松愉快的氛围中学到了知识。 12、《时间》 在教“时间”时，我把教具钟带进教室，让学生扮演“时间老人”角色做游戏。学生看到多彩的教具、学具这些新鲜的物品，好奇心驱使他们想看一看、摸一摸、量一量、算一算。他们兴趣倍增，课堂气氛活跃，不再感到数学新知的抽象与枯燥乏味，因为摆在他们面前的是鲜活、形象、生动、有趣的数学游戏，从而产生喜欢数学的情感，使自主学习意识增强，真正成为了学习的主人。 13、《小小商店》 例如:进行“小小商店”模拟购物的游戏，使学生体验实际购物中人民币的使用方法和所要遇到的计算问题。 14、《100以内的加减法计算》 学习“100以内的加减法计算”时，我采用童话创设了游戏情境:秋天来了，李大爷家的苹果树上结满了红通通的苹果(出示图片，苹果上写着竖式)，可是有的苹果被虫子咬坏了，小朋友你们能帮李大爷捉住虫子吗,学生听着童话，又是帮人做好事，学习积极性非常高，他们争先恐后地“捉虫子”(说出了每道题的错误原因)、“补苹果”(做出正确答案)。这样学生在辨误诊断中，不但能加深理解，增强记忆，还能灵活运用所学知识，提高计算能 力。 15、《常见游戏》 数学扑克算24 对口令 开火车 登山 口算接力赛、找朋友、夺红旗、对口令、浇开数学知识花、红花配绿叶、小猫钓鱼、小动物找家、小小邮递员、速算接力赛、摘仙桃等等。把枯燥乏味的计算练习变成丰富多彩的游戏与竞赛活动，学生兴趣浓、情绪高、思维活、反应快，在“玩”、“乐”中获取知识，增长智慧。 计算题中的游戏还有很多:如形式活泼又有竞争性的“数学扑克算24”、“对口令”，培养学生团体合作意识的游戏“开火车”、“登山”、“口算接力赛”„ 找朋友、夺红旗、对口令、浇开数学知识花、红花配绿叶、小猫钓鱼、小动物找家、速算接力赛、争当数学小博士等等。 16、《乘法口诀》 2 复习乘法口诀时，我设计算12的游戏，让学生任意选择四个数字来比赛算得数12。游戏前我用鼓励性的语言来激励学生:“谁第一个算出来就是优胜者，大家为他鼓掌。”这时学生们个个跃跃欲试，不甘落后。学生用多种方法计算了一道又一道，结果下课铃响了，学生一个也不愿意下课，还一个劲地说:“我还有一种„„”这样，既发展了学生积极思维的心向，培养了初步的竞争意识，又活跃了课堂气氛，还融洽了师生关系。平时，我还经常带领学生做一些竞赛游戏，如投篮比赛、接龙比赛、指得数比赛等等。 。 《认识图形》2 教学《认识图形》时，我设计了一个关于图案设计的课外实践游戏，要求有两点:一是设计的图案要用上我们学习过的图形(长方形、正方形、三角形、平行四边形)。二是给该图案命名，即该图案具有的实际意义。学生的积极性很高，设计出了各种各样的图案，有电扇、花瓶、花朵、山峰等。通过活动让学生在游戏中“做数学”，使学生感到学习数学是一种享受，巧妙地利用实践操作的游戏作业，不仅掌握了新学的知识，拓宽了知识面，而且也培养了学生的创新能力，真可谓一举两得阿啊～ 19、《加法 减法或表内乘法》 在教学“表内乘法”时，我从生活中常见的食品入手，出示了一下一组信息: 麦当劳快餐厅 名称 蛋卷 薯条 可乐 汉堡包 价格 3元/个 4元/个 5元/个 8元/个 从身边鲜活的数据引入数学知识，学生联系日常生活自己提出数学问题，不仅可以激发学生的学习兴趣，调动其求知欲望，巩固计算方法，而且可以沟通生活、具体问题与数学学习之间的联系，为学生创设自主探究的机会。 25、《4的认识》 “4的认识”时，我就设计了“游动物园”的游戏。上新课前我先说:“小朋友，你们喜欢游动物园吗,”孩子们都兴奋地说:“喜欢～”“好～老师就带你们去看一看动物园中可爱的动物，有的动物如熊猫还是我国的国宝呢～”接着投影出示动物园里的各种动物图，并让学生仔细观察。然后问:“谁能从这些动物中找出数量‘4’吗,”孩子们争先恐后地说出了很多数量是“4”的东西。如:老虎、大象、熊猫等都有4只脚;有如:一头大象有2只耳朵，两头大象有四只耳朵，两头大象还有4只眼晴，四颗象牙;有如:地上有3只猴子，树上还有1只，一共有4只猴子等。这样，不仅儿童饶有兴趣地投入到新课学习中去了，而且使学生感到生活中处处有数学，从而激发学生学生数学的兴趣和动机，同时学生的观察能力也得到训练与培养。 26、《7的加减法》 教学7的家减法时，上课十多分钟后，发现不少学生出现注意力不集中的现象。于是，我就进行猜数游戏;我投影出示了一幅小老鼠背土豆的画面。画面的小老鼠背着土豆飞快的跑着，它边跑边喊:“妈妈，我背回7个土豆”但是它的袋子烂了它一点儿也没有发现，画面上看见已经掉出了4只土豆。我边讲故事边引人，孩子们一下就被这个故事吸引着了，于是我接着出现下面的问题:“小朋友，请你猜一猜，小老鼠回到家时，袋子里还能剩几个土豆,”要求填出下面的算式，并说明理由。( )+ ( ) = 7 ， 7 — ( ) = ( )生1:“袋子里还剩3个土豆。因为掉了4个土豆。4和3组成7，所以算式应写成(3)+(4)=7，7—(4)=(3)。生2:“还可以填成(4)+(3)=7，7—(3)=(4)，因为7个土豆减出袋子里的3个等于掉了的4个。所以袋子里也是剩下3个土豆。” 3 生3:“不对～不对～因为袋子是烂的，小老鼠边跑土豆就边掉，等到回到家时，可能土豆已经掉光了，袋子里一个土豆也没有剩下。所以算式应该这样填7+(0)=(7)，7—(7)=(0)。”还有些学生说:“还有别的填法。”大家你说你的填法对，我说我的填法对，争先恐后的猜数、填数，生怕老师没有叫到他，这时课堂气氛十分活跃，学生的精神不但振奋了，思维也积极了，学生不仅掌握了“7”的加减法知识与技能，而且提高学习的积极性，培养了思维的灵活性与敏捷性。 27、《认识物体》 教学“认识物体”一课时，我在教学学生认识了“长方体、正方体、圆柱体、球”后，我让学生拿出自己从家里带来的纸盒、汽水罐、球等，以4人为一小组互相合作动手搭出一样你喜欢的东西。看哪一小组搭得快，搭得好，长大后你就能成为一名出色的设计师。搭完后，老师要进行评比，看看哪一小组搭得最漂亮，并且要求说出你搭得是什么和用了哪些物体，用了几个。在紧张而又愉悦的气氛中，同学们搭成一栋栋形状各异的美丽物体，有房子、有汽车、有机器人，还有高楼大厦等等，充分体现了孩子们的聪明和幻想。孩子们操作，边思考，边计算，边合作交流，大大激发了他们的乐学情趣，巩固了知识，还培养了学生的参与意识和创造精神，又是一次美的欣赏。 28、《系列口算游戏作业》 系列口算游戏作业一——“谁是冠军”:两个或以上的几个小朋友，相互出口算题，答对了，先前跨一脚，答错了，先后退一步。或由一个小老师，在旁边组织，由她出题，进行抢答。抢答对的，向前跨一步，没抢到的，原地不动，抢答错误，只能后退一步。 系列口算游戏作业二——纸牌游戏。用学具当中的数字卡片，玩数学游戏。1、比较大小。两个小朋友，随机抽出两张卡片，同时亮相，再由数字小的一个小朋友用符号连接，然后用( )比( )多( )，( )比( )少( )，说对了，卡片归自己，说错了，就要把卡片给对方。2、编数学式题。用抽出的两张或几张数字卡片，组成加法或减法或连加或连减或加减式题，如果错了，就得上交战利品——卡片，最后比一比谁的卡片多。 系列口算游戏作业三——踢房游戏。先教孩子学会在地上画大房子，并把大房子分成一格一格的小房间。1、过房闯关。在我们儿时的游戏——踢房的每个房间上写满算式，算对了向前进格，算错了，滞留在原地。2、接力闯关。在第一个房间上写一个算式，然后，在算出得数的基础上，每前进一格，都在前得数上往下算。3、命中目标。在房子的屋顶上分成一个一个的小格，每个上写上算式，然后学生踢石头命中算式，算出算式得数，得1分，命目标5次，累计分值，几个游戏伙伴间相互比较，看谁是冠军。 系列口算游戏作业四——跋山涉水。设置模拟障碍物，在障碍物上写上算式，看谁先到终点。 29、《千克的认识》 在学习“千克的认识”一课时，一上课教师便出示一块铁和一包棉花。让学生进行“猜一猜”的数学游戏。教师提问:“请你猜一猜1千克的铁和1千克的棉花同样重吗,”一时间一石激起千层浪，孩子们立刻为这一问题争论起来。学生甲说:“我认为1千克的铁肯定比1千克的棉花重。因为棉花抓在手里轻飘飘的，铁拿在手里沉甸甸的。”学生乙说:“我认为1千克的铁比1千克的棉花轻。因为棉花是一大包，而铁块可比棉花小多了。”学生丙说:“我认为1千克的铁和1千克的棉花同样重，因为它们都是1千克。”学生们各执己见，都认为自己的观点正确。不约而同地把渴求的目光投向教师，希望教师进行最终的评判。这时，教师说:“同学们，这节课我们就来学习千克的认识，通过这节课的学习，你们就能找到正确答案。”孩子们的兴趣一下子就集中到新知识的学习中去了。由“猜一猜”的数学游戏引 4 入新课，不仅使学生对探索学习产生强大的内驱力，而且使学生一开始就进入到最佳的学习状态。 30、《分类》 “分类”这部分知识，对于刚刚入学的一年级学生来讲非常抽象。在教学中，教师设计了3个游戏活动:游戏一，“互相帮助”，要求整理同桌的书包。让学生在整理同桌书包的过程中，自主探索出解决问题的思路是要把书包里的文具分类放好，使其既好看，又方便;解决问题的途径就是动脑、动手分一分，自主探索出解决问题的方法。从而感知简单的分类就是把一样的东西放在一起。游戏二，“扑克游戏”，要求把扑克(4张6和4张8)进行分类。让学生在动手操作的过程中自主探索出可以按颜色分类，也可以按数字分类，还可以按扑克上的图案分类。体验出分类的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 不一样，分出的结果也不一样。游戏三，“我能行”要求把床上的衣物(图片)进行分类。只要分类的标准清楚，并且按这一标准分成了两类或三类，教师都给予肯定。通过这个游戏，让学生把学到的分类知识在实际运用中加以巩固。在这节课上，教师通过三个游戏活动，不仅完成了相关的学习任务，而且培养了学生的自主探索能力。把新知的传授融入到趣味十足的数学游戏之中，强烈的求知欲会促使他们积极地动脑、动口、动手，从而也使抽象的教学内容变得轻松易学。 31、《9加几》 在学习“9加几”一课时，在学生完成基本练习后，教师安排了“猫捉老鼠”的闯关游戏。第一关，“发现目标”。要求学生完成练习并仔细观察发现规律。只有顺利完成，才能发现小老鼠藏在哪儿。练习内容:9+2=、 9+3= 、9+4=、 9+5=、 9+6=、 9+7=、 9+8=、9+9= 通过观察学生发现这些都是9加几得十几的题。这时，教师提问:“仔细观察得数个位上的数与第二个加数，你发现了什么,”学生发现得数个位上的数比第二个加数少1。“为什么少1,发现这个规律有什么用呢,”教师追问。学生说:“因为1和9凑十去了，所以会少1。发现这个规律可以让我们计算时算得快。”第二关，“勇敢追击”。只有又对又快的计算，才能追上小老鼠。为了能追上小老鼠，孩子们全神贯注，不敢有一点马虎，一部分学生还用上了刚才发现的规律。第三关，“大获全胜”。填对数才能抓到老鼠，想一想怎样才能填全了一个不落下,( )+9=( ) 游戏结束后，学生们为抓到老鼠而欢呼起来。猫捉老鼠的游戏惊险刺激，学生们个个兴致勃勃。求胜的愿望使他们积极思维，奋勇闯关，不顾一切的要抓到“老鼠”做一只“好猫”，学生在课堂上的计算正确率达到95%，教学效果显著。在练习反馈时，还可以安排“找朋友”、“小小邮递员”、“夺红旗”和“小马过河”等数学游戏，让学生在玩中练，练中玩。 32、《图形的认识》 例如，在学完“图形的认识”一课后，教师设计了“变魔术找规律”的游戏。只见教师先从盒中变出第一组图形， 提问:“按顺序说说这些卡片是什么形状,”接着，教师又变出第二组图形， 并提问“这几张卡片呢,”紧接着出示， 并提问:“猜一猜下面老师会从魔术盒中变出什么形状的卡片，说说你是怎么想的,”问题提出后，有的学生眉头紧皱，有的学生窃窃私语。讨论后，学生甲说:“我猜您下面会变出三角形和正方形的卡片。因为您前面两组卡片的排列规律是圆形、长方形、三角形和正方形，第三组肯定还是按照这个规律排列。”学生乙说:“我看第一组图形排在一起像个小姑娘穿着花裙子站在舞台上，第二组也是这样。第三组只出现了小姑娘的头和身体，那下面肯定是小姑娘的裙子和舞台。”教师一边细心聆听，一边微笑着。教师提问:“你觉得他们猜得对吗,”孩子们的眼睛齐刷刷地盯向这个魔术盒。当教师将下面的两个图形从盒中拽出来时，学生的想法得到了验证，所有的同学都欢呼起来。变魔术的游戏，不仅把学生的无意注意变成有意注意，而且培养了学生的观察能力。 33、《100以内数的认识》 5 在学完100以内数的认识以后，教师带领学生在操场上玩起了“数数”的游戏。教师提问:“同学们，下面我们每位同学自选一项活动参加，要求一个一个地数，从1数到100。想一想怎样才能手口一致地点数清楚呢,”学生说:“我们可以合作，我先跳绳请王馨帮我数，然后我再帮王馨数。”“为什么要合作,”教师追问。学生说:“一个人又跳绳又数数也可以，就是不知道自己数得对不对，只有两人合作才能数得更清楚，而且还能互相帮助。”不一会儿操场上同学们两、三人为一组，快乐地开始了跳绳、踢毽、拍球和走百步等游戏活动。游戏中，同学们不仅能熟练地数100以内的数，而且使他们感受到合作的价值，增强了学生的合作意识。再如同桌进行“猜数游戏”、“摆小棒说算式游戏”等。低年级的学生由于年龄比较小，他们所使用的是最基础的，也是比较简单的合作。 34、《小蝌蚪找妈妈》 “小蝌蚪找妈妈”的数学游戏。练习开始，教师说:“一群小蝌蚪在河里游来游去，原来它们在寻找自己的妈妈。每只小蝌蚪身上都有一道算式，只有算对这些题，我们才能帮它们找到妈妈。小蝌蚪都着急了，你能帮小蝌蚪找到妈妈吗,”学生异口同声地回答“能”。于是学生一个个认真地计算起来。教师订正后，有的学生兴奋地说:“老师，我全做对了～帮小蝌蚪找到妈妈了。”有的低头演算后不好意思地说:“老师，我做错了一道题，现在改过来了，还能帮它找到妈妈吗,”„„这时教师提问:“同学们，怎样才能保证小蝌蚪找到妈妈呢,”有的学生说:“计算时一定要认真，要全做对，才能帮小蝌蚪找到妈妈。”有的学生说:“还要算得快。我的计算速度有点慢，所以小蝌蚪找到妈妈有些晚。”还有的学生说:“只有学好本领，才能帮助别人。”游戏中学生非常地投入、认真负责。因为，在做游戏时有一种信念在催促着他们:一定要帮小蝌蚪找到妈妈。正是这种责任意识才使学生主动地参与到学习中来。又如小狗找家、小鸽子送信等游戏。在数学游戏中，即使学生体验到应用知识帮助别人后的成功喜悦，又能激起学生学好数学的欲望及学好数学的责任。 35、《4的认识》 教学“4的认识”时，我就设计了“游动物园”的游戏。上新课前我先说:“小朋友，你们喜欢游动物园吗,”孩子们都兴奋地说:“喜欢～”“好～老师就带你们去看一看动物园中可爱的动物，有的动物如熊猫还是我国的国宝呢～”接着投影出示动物园里的各种动物图，并让学生仔细观察。然后问:“谁能从这些动物中找出数量‘4’吗,”孩子们争先恐后地说出了很多数量是“4”的东西。如:老虎、大象、熊猫等都有4只脚;有如:一头大象有2只耳朵，两头大象有四只耳朵，两头大象还有4只眼晴，四颗象牙;有如:地上有3只猴子，树上还有1只，一共有4只猴子等。这样，不仅儿童饶有兴趣地投入到新课学习中去了，而且使学生感到生活中处处有数学，从而激发学生学生数学的兴趣和动机，同时学生的观察能力也得到训练与培养。 36、《7的加减法》 教学7的加减法时，上课十多分钟后，发现不少学生出现注意力不集中的现象。于是，我就进行猜数游戏;我投影出示了一幅小老鼠背土豆的画面。画面的小老鼠背着土豆飞快的跑着，它边跑边喊:“妈妈，我背回7个土豆”但是它的袋子烂了它一点儿也没有发现，画面上看见已经掉出了4只土豆。我边讲故事边引人，孩子们一下就被这个故事吸引着了，于是我接着出现下面的问题:“小朋友，请你猜一猜，小老鼠回到家时，袋子里还能剩几个土豆,”要求填出下面的算式，并说明理由。( )+ ( ) = 7 ， 7 — ( ) = ( )生1:“袋子里还剩3个土豆。因为掉了4个土豆。4和3组成7，所以算式应写成(3)+(4)=7，7—(4)=(3)。生2:“还可以填成(4)+(3)=7，7—(3)=(4)，因为7个土豆减出袋子里的3个等于掉了的4个。所以袋子里也是剩下3个土豆。”生3:“不对～不对～因为袋子是烂的，小老鼠边跑土豆就边掉，等到回到家时，可能土豆已经掉光了，袋子里一个土豆也没有剩下。所以算式应该这样填7+(0)=(7)，7—(7)=(0)。”还有些 6 学生说:“还有别的填法。”大家你说你的填法对，我说我的填法对，争先恐后的猜数、填数，生怕老师没有叫到他，这时课堂气氛十分活跃，学生的精神不但振奋了，思维也积极了，学生不仅掌握了“7”的加减法知识与技能，而且提高学习的积极性，培养了思维的灵活性与敏捷性。 37、《两位数减两位数》 “两位数减两位数”后，我曾搞过一场别开生面的师生竞赛。课上，同学们选出一名做题最快的与老师进行口算比赛。口算题由同学出，都出“81-18、93-39”这种类型的。题目出好了，黑板两侧各写6道题。一声令下，比赛开始。老师迅速把题做完，而那位学生仅做了一题。大家不服输，另换同学又进行比赛，情况与第一次相同。我对同学们说:“照这样，再做多少次也不过老师。你们知道什么原因吗,”“你是老师，得数都背下来了。”“你是教数学的。”大家议论纷纷，最后一位同学说“老师有诀窍。”我立刻肯定了他的回答，“仔细观察，你能发现老师的窍门在哪里,”同学们根据题中数字与得数的特点，终于找出被减数十位上的数减个位上的数的差与9相乘的积，就是这类题的结果。接着我又出了同类型的题，同学们掌握了诀窍，迅速算出了结果。当黑板上出现“96-68”时同学们不约而同的齐答“27”但立刻又发现上当了。“不对，应该得28。”一位同学说，先算96-69，得数是27，27+1=28;另一位同学说，先算86-68，得18，18+10=28。他们的想法出乎我的意料之外。 38、《认识物体》 “认识物体”一课时，我在教学学生认识了“长方体、正方体、圆柱体、球”后，我让学生拿出自己从家里带来的纸盒、汽水罐、球等，以4人为一小组互相合作动手搭出一样你喜欢的东西。看哪一小组搭得快，搭得好，长大后你就能成为一名出色的设计师。搭完后，老师要进行评比，看看哪一小组搭得最漂亮，并且要求说出你搭得是什么和用了哪些物体，用了几个。在紧张而又愉悦的气氛中，同学们搭成一栋栋形状各异的美丽物体，有房子、有汽车、有机器人，还有高楼大厦等等，充分体现了孩子们的聪明和幻想。孩子们操作，边思考，边计算，边合作交流，大大激发了他们的乐学情趣，巩固了知识，还培养了学生的参与意识和创造精神，又是一次美的欣赏。 39、《时分的认识》 在教学《时分的认识》时，我利用多媒体手段设计了一个龟兔赛跑的游戏，让学生观看故事猜谜，学生在津津乐道地看完故事后，猜出龟兔赛跑的圆形跑道就是一个圆形的表盘，进而引出新知。这样教学，学生不仅饶有兴趣地投入到新课的学习中，而且加深了对新知识的印象，同时观察能力也得到了训练与培养。 40、《7的分解与组成》 在教学《7的分解与组成》一课时，部分学生对此知识已有很好的掌握，因此学习兴趣不浓，在这种情况下，我创设了魔术箱的数学游戏，把7个棋子放在盒子里，同桌两个人同时摸出棋子，根据自己摸到的棋子来猜对方手中有多少个棋子，学生的兴趣一下子被调动起来，纷纷玩了起来，并计算出对方手中的棋子个数。这样，不仅激发了学生学习的兴趣，而且还培养了学生思维的灵活性和敏捷性。 41、《三角形、平行四边形》 教学“三角形、平行四边形”一课，让学生将一张正方形纸对折(学生可能折出两个长方形，也可能折出两个三角形)，通过游戏，自然地引出“三角形的认识”的教学内容，启发思维引入新知。学完三角形后，又让学生用两个完全一样的三角形拼一拼，看看能拼成什么图形(学生可能拼成长方形，也可能拼成了平行四边形)。学生在寻找各种拼法中探索和体验着，从而导入“平行四边形的认识”的教学。通过这些活动，激起学生独立探索的热情、相互合 7 作的愿望，培养了学生的创新意识、空间观念和解决问题的能力，发展了学生的数学思维能 力，从而开发了学生的智力。 42、《百以内的加减法》 在学习了百以内的加减法之后，设计了《小脚丫走天下》的棋盘计算游戏，学生可以在课余时间来玩。棋盘是中国地图，在地图上选取100个点作为游戏活动中双方棋子的落脚点，其中包括主要的城市，文化古建筑，旅游胜地等等，分别编上1——100号，作为学生游戏时前进路线的分数。学生通过随机抽出的数字牌的大小，计算出比较大小后的得分，确定前进的位置，最先到达100的获得胜利。在游戏活动中达到练习加减法的目的，而且在游戏中还了解了祖国的主要城市。 43、《元、角、分的认识》 “元、角、分的认识”后，我安排了一道实际应用的思考题:买6角7分的一支铅笔，哪种付钱方法最简便,第一种 :6张1角、7个1分;第二种:3张2角、1个5分、1个2分;第三种:1张5角、1张1角、1个5分、1个2分。显然，要一年级学生选择最简便的方法，有一定的难度。为此，我设计“模拟买卖”的游戏:一位同学扮演售货员，3位同学扮演顾客，学具当货币，3位同学边买铅笔边说出三种付钱方法，其他同学注意听，认真想，再让大家议论三种付钱方法，各要拿几次钱，哪种方法最简便，为什么,模拟买卖游戏接近学生们的生活，趣味增强，学生们以假当真，玩得开心，既发展了思维的敏捷性，又培养了运用知识解决问题的能力。 44、《几种数学游戏》 1、游戏“巧算24点”。 游戏目的:通过游戏，使学生运用所学知识进行计算，在计算过程中寻找规律，形成一定的技能技巧，同时也锻炼一个人的心理素质。 游戏准备:1——10数字卡片或扑克牌。 游戏方法:人数不限。规则是每次出示四张牌，让学生利用加减乘除进行计算，每张牌只能用一次，谁最先算出得数是24，谁就是赢了。 2、数学飞行棋:提高学生的计算能力。 方法:将写有1——100各数的扑克牌分成两份或四份，玩家各出一张牌，抛动写有加减乘除的骰子，决定运算符号，哪个玩家先算出的就在飞行棋的棋盘上先走一格，如果算错则倒退一格。先到终点的玩家获胜。 3、智力趣题:利用因材施教、分层教学的理念。激发部分有能力学生的解题斗志，发展学生思维和应用能力。如一颗睡莲每天长大一倍，到第八天的时候长满了整个池塘，请问长满半个池塘需要几天,等通过智力趣题的解答学习，有效地激发学生的数学学习兴趣，发展学生的数学思维。 4、火柴棒里的数学:让学生动手操作，移动一根火柴使算式成立、用火柴摆图形等增进学生的空间几何能力。 5、我是啄木鸟医生:把班级学生的错题专门贴在墙上，由学生来改错，替同学治病。 6、另外教师还可以根据教学内容的需要设计课间游戏:如在一年级学习了各种图形之后，让学生做操作性的数学游戏——七巧板拼图游戏。告诉学生游戏规则，在规定时间内拼得图形多的学生获胜。让学生自己动手经历拼出各种图形，并发现蕴含在其中的数学关系。在学习了表内除法之后可以通过同桌转转盘游戏来提高除法计算的速度。 45、数学游戏活动评价卡片 在课间数学游戏的开展中，教师一定要采用多种评价方式，以激发学生参与的动力。可以设计游戏活动评价卡片，如: 姓名: 8 评价内容 自我评价 教师评价 同学评价 对这项游戏很感兴趣 能和多个伙伴玩这个 游戏 能将方法交给别人 准确度高 能准确判断对方是否 正确 能够遵守游戏规则 能正确看待游戏结果 能够提出游戏新的玩 法 以上评价表采用星级评价法，最高的为五颗星，每一周评比一次，并与学校雏鹰争章活动相结合，将评比结果作为每月“智慧章”的评比条件。 参考文献: 1、吴也显等著，《小学游戏教学论》，江西教育出版社，1996年。 2、戴汝潜主编，《纪晓村小学数学兴趣教学》，山东教育出版社，1997年。 3、易东平，“请关注游戏”，《上海教育科研》，2000年第5期。 46、《生活中的大数》 例如，在教学“生活中的大数”后，我组织小组学生进行“猜数字”游戏活动，先让一位学生出一个 三位数 二年级下册三位数加法二年级下册三位数加减二年级下册三位数加减法二年级下册三位数口算二年级下册三位数竖式计算题 或四位数，然后让小组成员猜是几，猜数的同学如果猜出的数太大，出数字的同学就说:“太大了，请你再想想。”如果比较接近还是偏大，出数字的同学就说:“再小一些。”反之，则说:“又太小了”，比较接近时，可以提醒:“再大一些”直到猜对为止。然后交换进行。通过这样的游戏活动，使学生较好地掌握了100以外数的大小关系，并会用“多些”、“少些”、“多得多”、“少得多”等词描述两个大数的大小关系，进一步培养数感。在实践活动中，我又组织 “猜一猜”的游戏:抓一把糖数数有几粒，再抓一把黑豆，猜猜估计大约有多少粒，把抓出来的黑豆数一数，为什么一把黑豆比一把糖的粒数多,通过这样丰富的活动，加强估计意识，让学生感受数的意义，体会到用数来表示和交流的作用，从而培养数感。 47、《角的认识》 例如，在教“角的认识”中，通过“找角”、“做角”、“剪角”、“摸角”等供学生选择“活动”，激发学生练习的兴趣，内化并巩固所学角的知识，利用游戏形式来激发学生练习的积极性，让学生觉得数学就在自己身边，是触手可及的，在心理上缩短与数学的距离，激发他们学习的浓厚兴趣。 或者 我请小朋友拿一张不规则的纸折出一个角，通过这一“玩”折纸的游戏，自然地引出角的特征，启发思维引新知。由折纸又进一步导出拼摆,这也是学生喜欢的“节目”，学生在各种拼法中探索和体验结合学具怎样拼成角，从而进一步加深对角的理解。通过折图形、拼图形以及练习中的剪一剪、拼一拼，用小棒搭一搭，激励起学生独立探索的热情，相互合作的愿望，有利于培养学生的创新意识、空间观念和解决问题的能力，有利于发展学生的观察、试验和探索等的数学思维能力，从而开启学生智慧的大门，开发学生的智力。 48、呼唤游戏 (1)玩而有序 9 在大多数人的眼里，游戏似乎属于数学课堂之外，似乎应该落点于操场上、体育课上。这就对低年级的数学课堂提出了挑战，学生都是爱玩的，玩起来会忘乎所以，忘记是在课堂上，忘记有老师的存在，他们会完全投入游戏的情境中，课堂也许会只呈现混乱的玩的场景，没有纪律，没有秩序。而从教师的角度来说，希望学生是收放自如的，这个时候就需要教师的教学组织能力，让学生在课堂上有秩序地进行游戏。 (2)玩中有学 数学课堂上组织学生进行游戏，主要的目的还是为了学生的学，因此，在玩中学不容忽视。教师在学生进行游戏之前必须让他们明确玩的目的，让学生带着问题去进行游戏。在游戏的过程中还必须时时提醒，要求学生不要忘了游戏的最终目的。培养学生带着数学问题进行游戏的习惯。 (3)玩后有感 当学生尽情地进行完游戏后，千万不可就此结束。必须要求学生说出对数学问题的看法，甚至可以在亲身体验的基础上提出它的正确解决方法。除了解决数学问题，还应该让学生发表对数学现象、数学学习的感想，让学生畅所欲言，只有这样才能体现游戏的价值，体现儿童与游戏是息息相关的，体现儿童是需要游戏的。 卢梭曾经说过:“让儿童在成人之前就像儿童的样子。”为了儿童本真快乐地学习，教育应该尊重儿童的天性，需要游戏，呼唤游戏～ 49、一年级第一个月进行的数学游戏 (1)上下左右:我说方位，学生用手指出方向。 2)数数游戏:从1数到20(，再从20数到1。 (3)同样多:我出一个数(10以内)，学生用手指出相同的数。 (4)比多比少游戏:我出一个数，学生出的数比我多1(多2------)。 (5)画图游戏:我画几个三角形，让孩子画出比我多1个(2个-----)。 (6)猜数游戏:我先出一个数，学生出一个数，要求学生出的数与我出的数合起来是5(4、3----)。 (7)说数学游戏:我画一幅简单的图，让学生说一句话(有关数学知识:如比多比少、同样多，什么东西有多少------) (8)找朋友游戏。 50、一年级数学口算游戏有哪些 系列口算游戏作业一——“谁是冠军”:两个或以上的几个小朋友，相互出口算题，答对了，先前跨一脚，答错了，先后退一步。或由一个小老师，在旁边组织，由她出题，进行抢答。抢答对的，向前跨一步，没抢到的，原地不动，抢答错误，只能后退一步。 系列口算游戏作业二——纸牌游戏。用学具当中的数字卡片，玩数学游戏。1、比较大小。两个小朋友，随机抽出两张卡片，同时亮相，再由数字小的一个小朋友用符号连接，然后用( )比( )多( )，( )比( )少( )，说对了，卡片归自己，说错了，就要把卡片给对方。2、编数学式题。用抽出的两张或几张数字卡片，组成加法或减法或连加或连减或加减式题，如果错了，就得上交战利品——卡片，最后比一比谁的卡片多。 系列口算游戏作业三——踢房游戏。先教孩子学会在地上画大房子，并把大房子分成一格一格的小房间。1、过房闯关。在我们儿时的游戏——踢房的每个房间上写满算式，算对了向前进格，算错了，滞留在原地。2、接力闯关。在第一个房间上写一个算式，然后，在算出得数的基础上，每前进一格，都在前得数上往下算。3、命中目标。在房子的屋顶上分成一个一个的小格，每个上写上算式，然后学生踢石头命中算式，算出算式得数，得1分，命目标5次，累计分值，几个游戏伙伴间相互比较，看谁是冠军。 10 系列口算游戏作业四——跋山涉水。设置模拟障碍物，在障碍物上写上算式，看谁先到终点。 51、一年级第一个月教学反思 今年教一年级，很多博友都很关心。 陈月华:“你要教一年级呀?那就辛苦了!” 陈敏华:“教一年级，我觉得好累。上课注意力不集中，动作拖拉------” ------ 其实,教一年级总有教一年级的好处，不要总以为教一年级辛苦。 经过将近一个月的努力，收获如下: 第一单元考试的成绩出来，觉得还是非常高兴的:全班43名学生，有32名考了100分，平均分数97.3分，创下本人从教以来最好成绩。能考出这样的成绩，我为主要有两个原因: (1)重视学生注意力的转移，主要是通过做练习册，课外辅导练习题。我讲一题学生做一题，并且要求学生跟读题目，理理解题意，只有我请他们动笔，他们才能动笔。 2)重视课前5分钟的数学游戏训练，发展的数学能力。 ( 而以上两个原因，即使在高年级认真的实施也不见得就一定能取得好成绩。 考试用了近一节课，改卷用了大约30分钟。这样的工作量与高年级比，大约可以节约2个小时。同时，练习册的批改，作业的批改，一般也就用30分钟左右，每次作业都可以节省30分钟左右。 学生都非常喜欢上我的课，我也非常喜欢他们。觉得上课很有趣，可以经常做游戏，几乎可以实现“愉快教学法”——在玩中学，在学中玩。我发现，一年级的数学教学，每节课都可以使用几个游戏来巩固所学的新知识，让他们觉得开心有趣。不像高年级，每节课的教学内容比较多，学生的算理基础又不过关，双基也不扎实，所以，教起来很吃力，课堂效率常常是低下的。 学生的学习习惯基本上还行，上课能够按照老师的要求去做，倾听习惯、书写习惯，注意力的转移都做得比较好。相信他们会慢慢的养成更多的好习惯的，我对他们有信心。 存在的主要问题是:个别学生的辅导。 (1)课余时间，让一些优秀的学生与他们多做一些智力游戏。 (2)课堂上，多对他们关注，多表扬，多指导。 52、一年级第二学期:第一个月教学新思考 一年级上学期，学生带着好奇，怀着对学校学习生活的向往，以美丽的期望开始了全新的生活。那时，我的课堂是:游戏的愉悦、热情的微笑、善意的引领、耐心的讲解，师生其乐融融，单元考试成绩，全班平均分也大都在93分左右。我以为，我的课堂教学应该说比较自我感觉良好的。 带着那种美好的感觉，开始了新学期的教学。一个月后，发现美丽的背后隐蔽着许多污点， 问题1 思考问题的能力不强。如，小明的后面有5名同学，前面4名同学，这一排队伍一共有几个人,这种题目在上学期已经出现在过二次，老师已经在黑板上画图讲解过，请同学在教室里演示过。这学期，练习册又出现了一道类似问题，可是全班仍然只有2名学生答对。 又如，练习册第11页的一道题目，小明和小英一共15本书，小明送给小英6本，现在小明和小英一共有几本书,我详细的读题，圈出重点词(一共、送给、现在一共)，请一学生上台演示(老师和明娜一共有5根粉笔，我给明娜2根，现在我和明娜一共有几根粉笔,学生因直观的原因，马上回答一共有五根。)，结果，全班仍然错误的列为:15—6=9。 问题2 11 独立思考问题的习惯有待进一步加强。教学中总会遇到提高题，总是需要提高题来发展学生思考问题的能力。现在，我们面临的问题是教学中如何发展他们的思考能力,当他们一遇到难一点的题目时，就不愿意思考，就转过身子问一些成绩比较优秀的同学。并不是问解题思路，问思考的方法，而仅仅是想听到答案，然后跟在别人的后面叫喊那个“并不一定正确的答案。”我以为，这是与我们的教学目标相违背的。例如:在出示上面两道题目时，全班的大部分学生不是认真思考，而是出现了茫然不知所措的表情，接着便交头接耳，议论纷纷，一叫停下来，独立思考，请谁来回答时，却一片沉静，一阵等待，一个教学压抑。 问题3 独立作业习惯需要培养。这学期的课堂练习，一般用先尝试，后讲解的方法，以培养学生的独立作业习惯。要求，先做再问(如果没有老师的允许，只能问老师，不能问同学)，做完了自己检查一遍。实际操作中，仍然发现有部分学习成绩较差的学生，面对错题，不去思考，习惯于请好朋友帮忙——他们不知道，有时，好朋友越帮越忙——一年的学生他们一般只讲答案，不会讲思路。所以，下次遇到类似的问题，还是不会解决。 我想，如果以上三个问题不解决，中、高年级的教学就会遇到更大的难题。如，前两年我接的那个班级，对于应用题，大部分学生不想思考，只想听老师讲答案。 解决以上问题的一点思考: 1、课堂教学设计多一点梯度，发展性练习设置一些难一点的题目。不能仅仅是课本的练习题，应该根据学生的实际，适当补充 教材 民兵爆破地雷教材pdf初中剪纸校本课程教材衍纸校本课程教材排球校本教材中国舞蹈家协会第四版四级教材 。 2、单元试卷适度的引领，小学生不一定要考到95分才算达标，可以适当的增加一点课外知识。 3、课外作业设置，灵活有度，适当练习，以发展学生的数学智力为目标。 53、安静游戏 现在我们来做一个安静的游戏: 现在我们变成了一块石头，我的头不动了，我的肩放平了，我的身子静下来了，我的手不动了，我的脚不动了，我像块石头。 老师说的声音越来越轻，孩子安静的动作也越来越轻。 54、“跳7”游戏 如玩“跳7”游戏(“跳7”游戏就是让学生从1开始数数，凡数到数字中有7的就不读，跳过去继续数，后来再说出跳过的哪个数是几。其目的是让学生熟练数数)，不少学生举一反三，又编出了“跳2”游戏、“跳9”游戏、“跳整十”游戏等等，这对于年纪小小的一年级学生来说，不正是一种创造吗? 55、玩“先比大小后求差”这个游戏 如玩“先比大小后求差”这个游戏，先由小组中的第l、2人抽?两张卡片，并将两张卡片上的数合成一个两位数，第3入对这2个数进行判断大小，其他组员赞同后，立刻求出最大数与最小数的差，并填表。要想尽快做完游戏，只靠1入的力量是不行的，一定要靠每个组员发挥团结协助的精神。由于我在每个小组特意安排了优等生、中等生和后进生，所以在游戏中，有的组员动作快，有的动作慢，刚开始时，有的组员埋怨动作慢的同学，产生不良的情绪。于是，我耐心地进行教导，说 “你们要想取得红旗，就必须团结，无论谁有困难，我们都要帮助他:你看，别的组玩得多快，要是不努力的话，我们就一定落后的了。”组员一听，恍然大悟，立刻行动起来。久而久之，组员在活动中形成了互相帮助、互相勉励的良好风气，无论谁有困难，其他的组员都会主动帮助他，鼓励他，还不时发出“加油”、“你真棒”等鼓励的语句。这不仪发挥了学生之间的团结互助的精神，还养成了合作的好习惯。 12 同时，小组内，我实行干部轮换制度，不少后进生在组员的鼓励、帮助下，通过努力，摆脱自卑，当起小组长，带领组员开展活动。在小组比赛过程中，组员十分投入，都为自己的队伍、组员打气、加油，气氛亩热闹呢!活动的开展，不仪激发了小组之间的竞争意识，还逐渐培养学生的集体主义的荣誉感。 56、《比较100以内各数的大小》 老师首先拿着0一一9的数字一边像打扑克牌那样叠牌一边说:“今天我们来玩个抽卡比较大小的游戏，要求抽的是两位数，现先抽个位上的数。”结果第一组抽了个5，第二组抽了个8，老师问:“哪个组还要抽，不抽就定输赢了。 第一组的同学着急得跳起来说“我们组还要抽， 因为我们组的数字小”二组的同学也不甘示弱地说“我们也还要抽， 因为我们的数字虽然大可是还不能定大小， 因为这只是个位上的数字。”看，学生在兴奋、着急中就自己悟出了比较大小的时候不能先看低位上的数。第二轮抽的时候教师让学生先抽十位上的数，结果第一组抽的是7，第二组抽的是3，老师刚把数字写上，学生就在下面议论纷纷:有的说“不用再抽个位上的数了，他十位的数比我们大，我们输定了。”“不，还要抽”“抽也没用，就算个位给我们一个最大的9也没有用啦，还是他们的大，别浪费时间了，玩下一盘吧。”在这个时候及时让学生开展讨论得出结论。学生就是这样边玩边掌握知识，在玩中悟出比较大小的方法，根本不需要老师费尽唇舌的讲比较大小的方法。 57、“小小纪录员”(20以内加法)的活动 在游戏“小小纪录员”(20以内加法)的活动中，教师可以这样分工:小组长首先做好分工，用3副2—9的数字卡，洗匀，然后每人分1副，第1人随机出一卡，第二人也随机出一卡，第三人立即算出这两张卡数字之和，并填表，由第4人检查，如果计算和填表都正确的，记红旗。每人当记录员10次为一局，然后轮换，看谁得的红旗多。在游戏结束时，每个小组间的交流、评价的热情会非常高涨，他们都会为争当“最佳合作小组”而认真汇报，做到声音响亮，仪态大方，同时还要专注倾听同学的发言，才能在评选中获得发言权。 笔者结合实验班的实际情况及一些习惯性的要求，还特别设计了相应的评价,例如下面是一年(1)班第一学习小组，在某一次小组合作活动中的评价记录。 发言人 听清要求? 声音响亮?? 有礼貌? 有创意?? 合 计 第1人 ? ?? ? ?? 6 第2人 ? ? ? 3 第3人 ? ?? ? ? 5 第4人 ? ?? ? 4 第5人 廖佳明 梁静茵 李咏诗 杨 杰 小组意见:(1)第( )人最棒, (2)你想夸夸谁, 58、和为10的拍手游戏 拍手游戏:(规则:同桌两人玩，两人所说的数之和为10) 我说2 我说8 ，2和8组成10 59、抽数卡，比大小方法 13 游戏:抽数卡，比大小方法:两人游戏，每人抽一张数卡，放在相应的数位上，然后比较其大小。游戏分为三轮，每轮玩三次。1、第一轮:抽第一张卡片放在百位，第二张放在十位，第三张放在个位，然后比较大小。找规律。2、第二轮:第一张放在个位，第二张放在十位，第三张放在百位，然后比大小。找规律。3、第三轮:个自抽卡片，放在自己想放的数位上，再比较大小。打规律。汇报结果:通过游戏你有什么发现。 第1人 符号 第2人 60、100以内数的加法游戏 100以内数的加法的练习可以让学生完5数码方块游戏，只要用2至4个数码方块就能掷出一位数加一位数、一位数加两位数、两位数加两位数，游戏可以两人玩也可以自己做。1000以内数的加减法，可以用0—9 的数卡组合出任意的多位数，再加上一个有三面是“+”有三面是“—”的数码方块，就可以写出很多三位数加减法的习题。学生们很喜欢做这样的练习，自己出题给自己做，自己做自己喜欢的数学。一些有能力的同学喜欢挑战难度，做更大数、更多分量的练习，使不同能力的学生得到各自的发展。 诸如“凑100点”“21点”“购物游戏”“旅行计划”“小调查”等等游戏活动都让学生在轻松愉快的气氛中运用和巩固所学知识，提高计算能力。以游戏的形式来实施练习，针对不同的学习内容设计相对应的游戏活动，使学生在玩中学，在学中玩，自然不觉得累，不觉得枯燥，在不知不觉中提高了计算的能力。 70、扑克牌游戏 1、 学习了10以内的加减法及20以内的进位加法后。 玩法:两个人，每人各摸1张牌，算出这两张牌的和或差，谁算得又对又快，谁就 赢，这两张牌就归谁。当一副牌摸完后，再比谁手中的牌多，牌多的就获胜。 2、 学习了20以内的退位减法后。 对于学生来说，退位减法比进位加法更难一些，所以进行退位减法的训练就显得更 有必要。 玩法:两个人，每人各摸一张，一人做加一人做减。比如:一方看到对方的牌是5， 而自己摸到的牌是8，但不直接告诉对方，而是把这两张牌的和13告诉对方，让对 方猜自己手中的牌。如果算对了，这两张牌就归对方。摸完后双方交换再来一次。 3、 学习了两位数加(减)一位数后。 玩法:一个人。准备:从扑克牌中选1——9的牌各2张及1张10共19张，这19 张牌的各点数之和刚好是100，洗牌后，把各张牌的点数进行连加，加完后的结果 刚好是100。也可以做减法，从100开始减各张牌的点数，减完后结果刚好是0。 4、 学习了加减乘除后。 玩法:人数不限。准备:选出1——10的牌各4张。洗牌后摸出4张牌，通过加、 减、乘、除的运算使结果是24，先算出的人获胜，这四张牌就归他，等一副牌摸完 后，看谁的牌多，谁就赢。 通过这样的训练，学生的口算能力逐渐增强，超出了“课标”中提出的要求，而且 学生对数学的兴趣也越来越浓。 71、游戏:夺红旗游戏 万以内数的进位加法 规则:同桌两人为一组，先第一人抽三张卡组成一个三位数，第二人也抽三张卡组成一个三位数，然后自己算自己的，看谁算对了，就得一面红旗，不同答案就检查谁对谁错。 14 小结:哪个同学在做游戏的时候，由于不小心做错了题，想提醒同学们注意的。(鼓励学生诚实，大胆承认错误) 72、认识21~30的数 1、邮递员来送信。 要求:邮递员先把信:21~30的数卡，发下去;邮递员再说:22在哪里,把22、25、28、30这些数找出来，邮递员再说:22的领居在哪里,再找他们的邻居。 2、读数。 游戏要求: 两个一起玩，一人拨珠，一人读数，轮换。 (1)、拨珠要拨20-30的数。 (2)、如果拨到25，另一人就可以从25读到30或者从25读回20，只要你拨的数在21~29的范围内都有两种读法，随便选一种。这如果拨到20，就要从20读到30，如果拨到30，就要从30读到20。 73、游戏数学 如在教《比较100以内各数的大小》，我首先拿着0-9的数字，一边像打扑克牌那样洗牌一边说:“今天我们玩个抽卡比较大小的游戏，要求抽的是两位数，现在先抽个位上的数”，结果第一小组抽了个7，第二小组抽了个9，我问哪个组还要抽，不抽就定输赢了。第一组的同学着急得跳起来说:“我们还要抽，因为我们组的数字小”，二组的同学也不甘示弱地说:“我们也要抽，因为我们的数字虽然大也不能定大小，因为这是个位上的数字。”看，学生在兴奋、着急中就悟出了比较大小的时候不能只看低位上的数。第二轮抽的时候我让学 ，第二组抽的是4，我刚把数字写上，学生就在下生先抽十位上的数，结果第一组抽的是6 面议论纷纷，有的说:“不用再抽个位的数字了，他十位的数比我们大，我们输定了”，“不，还要抽”。“抽也没用，就算个位给我们一个敢大9也没用啦，还是他们的大，别浪费时间了，玩下一盘吧。”这样的游戏活动，学生边玩边掌握知识，在玩中悟出比较大小的方法，根本不需要老师费什么唇舌，学生自己就感悟到100以内数的大小比较大小的方法。 在学习20以内的加减法时，我设计了一个凑21点的游戏活动，先让学生熟悉游戏规则，接着就开始了游戏，这个活动带来的学习收获令人惊喜。在活跃的课堂气氛中，各个小组的学生专心地做游戏，有的小组几个脑袋围在一起瞪大着眼睛看数卡点数，有的小组坐下来忙着在做记录，有的小组的学生翘起屁股趴在桌面上出数卡。课上，学生之间互帮互学，思维活跃，踊跃发言， 比如:孩子们不喜欢做印在纸上的枯燥无味的口算题，但喜欢比赛，喜欢玩那丢出的数字变化不定的数码方块，那么我们就让他们投数码方块玩。谁最快抢答出两数码方块朝上数字之和，谁就胜利。孩子们瞪大眼睛，紧张地盯着那旋转着，跳跃着的小东西，刚停下来不动了，孩子就快速准确地说出答案。 每天我都要学生出生活中的数学来考同学，他们大多都用流畅的语言来表达他们的思维，口编的应用题贴近生活，语言简洁明了。数学问题生活化 在学习10以内的加法时，教材编排了一个快乐加6点的游戏活动，教师讲清楚游戏规则后，请小组示范，然后是小组游戏，游戏一开始，课堂上马上活跃起来，每个小组都尽情地投进入到游戏活动中，有的同学在抽数卡，有的同学在计算数卡上的点数，有的同学在做记录，还有的同学在做小老师，就连平时最不喜欢讲话、成绩比较差的几个同学也是那么认真～看到他们个个那么得意忘形，我想这种场面是以前的数学课堂中未曾出现的。 例如:“凑10”的认识课中， 设置情景:妈妈出差带回10粒糖，要小明分给自己和小明的表弟吃，假如你是小明，你会怎么分呢,为什么,有的小朋友说:每人各5粒，因为这样公平。有的说:给弟弟6粒，自己4粒，因为弟弟年龄比我小。有的说:我3粒，弟弟 15 4粒，还剩3粒留给妈妈，因为妈妈很辛苦。等等。课堂气氛活跃，每个学生都在思考，既让学生对10的组成有了清晰的认识，而且课堂渗透“人文”精神，让学生懂得人与人之间的尊重和友爱。 生本一年级数学教学大纲的第一点建议是:要大力组织好学的游戏。教材中的许多课整节都是由学生做游戏。刚开始的组织是困难的，课堂可以用“喧哗”来形容，可是，当学生掌握了游戏的规则，知道自己的位置之后，整个课堂完全属于学生，教师则可以真正体会“无为而为”的乐趣了。他们认真的计算数卡的点数，做好记录，希望最后的胜利属于自己。如十六点大(16点为大，超过16为输，16点以下，大者为胜)的学生记录: 一年(1)班 第一人 第二人 第三人 第四人 15? 17* 12? 14? 18 20* 13? 16? 16? 16? 14? 11? 14? 18* 19* 16? 16? 13? 16? 14? 赢3次 赢 1次 赢1次 赢2次 姓名:李建锵 苏铭杰 陈莹 廖瑞曦 这个游戏里包含数的计算、数的大小比较和序数的概念，同时让一年级的小朋友因享受到合作的快乐而愿意交流，表达自己。这时老师再进一步对成功合作的小组给予适当的奖励，从小培养他们的团队意识。 又例如:“20以内加法”熟悉课中，引入飞镖和飞盘，如下图所示，“假日里，爸爸带你去游乐园玩飞镖，(看图)如果只给你两只飞镖，只能飞两次，你可能拿多少分呢,” 学生以四人小组为单位，看哪一个小组最多能计算出多少种可能的分数。有多种可能:两支 20以内的加法。 这种开放性的都中;一支中，一支不中;两支都不中。得出的算式皆属于 题目，可以培养学生考虑问题的全面性，可以让学生从生活中学, 从玩中学，激发学生学习的兴趣，提高解题的技巧，培养学生根据实际情况来解决问题的能力。整个学习过程生动活泼的、主动而富有个性。 在学习数的加法时，我们设计了“加6点”的游戏，游戏是这样的，先把学生分成4人一组，每人一副0——9的数卡，先由第一人洗匀，然后发一张卡给第二人，如果第二人觉得数字小了，可以还要，直到他说不要为止，如果他要的卡的总数比6大，他就输了，如果总数是6或比6小，在小组里是最大的，那这一轮就是他赢，他就可以得到一面红旗。别看游戏简单，可是适合小孩子好赢的心理，他们玩起来可是到了忘我的境界，有时老师说下课了，他们还在那里争论不休，一定要比出个输赢来。在这个游戏中，他们不仅学到了得数是6的加法，就是10以内的所有得数都有可能全部用上了，但学生并不觉得这是在学习，而是在打扑克定输赢，而在这游戏中不知不觉把10以内的加法全玩得熟透了。正是这些游戏 ，使学生喜欢上数学课，对数学感兴趣。 刚开学时，我就让学生数一数本班有多少同学，教室里有多少桌椅，数一数学校有多少果树，家里有多少人，吃饭时用了多少碗、多少筷子等;学习简单加法时，我让学生分左右两边站好，后点人数并说出左边多少人，右边多少人，然后说出一共有多少人，不但学习了加法，而且还培养了学生就目前的情景说成加法应用题的表达能力。而在课前我经常让学生带例子来上学。比如 :课前先布置学生回家观察哪些能用加法计算的例子，第二天上课时先让各学生在小组里说，在小组里评出优秀的再在班里讲，然后评出全班优胜者。 如我们在第一册第一单元1—10数的认识，我们设计了这样的一节感受课，分四个环节进行，第一个环节是用手指的动作数1——10的数，顺数倒数，做到手脑并用，活跃思维。 16 第二个环节是听故事找数，要求学生把故事中的1——10这些好朋友找出来，看谁找得对找得多，故事是这样:猫妈妈生了4只小猫，第1只叫小黄猫，第2只叫小黑猫，第3只叫小白猫，第4只叫小灰猫。有一天，猫爸爸和猫妈妈要出门，他们对小猫们说，要乖乖地在家里，不要到处乱跑。于是，猫爸爸和猫妈妈就出门了。小猫们想，我们已经长大了，也该帮爸爸妈妈干点活了，他们就干起活来。小黄猫把家里的5间房子整理得整整齐齐，小黑猫把家里的6个碗洗得干干净净，小白猫把家里的7盆花浇水，小灰猫8个窗擦得光亮的，猫爸爸和猫妈妈回来了，都夸他们都是好孩子。同学们不但能说出故事里几基数、序数，而且有的说，一共有6只猫，老师问:你是怎么想的,他说:猫爸爸和猫妈妈2只加上4只小猫就有6只猫。你看我们的学生不但会数数，而且对加法应用题有感悟了。第三个环节是瞎子摸棋，小组4人进行活动，每个组有一个杯子，里面有10个棋子，由第一个人随便摸几个棋子在手心，让组内的同学猜有几个，然后放开一起数，看谁猜得对，猜得对的或猜得最接近的数就算赢，在本子上画上一个自己喜欢的图案，小组4人轮流摸，这样，同学们学得多轻松、多活跃啊～最后一个环节是听电话号码摆数，师与生、生与生互报互换互摆电话号码，既是在学习，又是人与人感情的沟通，使我们的数学真正和生活相贴近，体现数学来源于生活。 74、投"骰子"学数学 为了上好20以内的加减法这节课练习课，让学生在学习的过程中掌握数学规律，同时又要让学生能活泼参与学习过程，还不能让学生觉得学习这些内容很简单、枯燥，如何设计好这一节课是个关键。这一节课表面看上去好像很简单。但是，要真正明白其中的数理，并形成一定的逻辑思维，对一年级学生来说其实并不简单。在教学设计中我采用了"扔骰子"的学习方式，让学生通过动手、动脑，联系生活与实践来学数学，获得了良好的成效。具体设计如下: 一、投骰子，激发兴趣，吸引参与。 上课开始，我对学生说:"同学们，我们平常在玩跳棋时，靠投骰子，计算几个点，走几步决定输赢。大家会投骰子，并计算谁投的点数大吗,"学生因为有了平时的经验，都高兴地说会。我接着说:"这一节课，咱们就来接骰子，比一比看谁算得快。下面给大家一分钟时间，上下桌的两个同学为一组，试着奶一扔，比一比，看谁投的点数相加起来得数大。现在请大家拿出第一对骰子可以开始扔了。" (教师事先给每个组发1对骰子，其中一个骰子每个侧面的数字依次为1,6;另一个骰子每个侧面的数字依次为4,9。) 我一宣布比赛开始，教室里就热闹开了:"你5，3,8点"、"我2，4=6点"。授骰子的声音，计算的声音，争论的声音充满了整个教室。 二、拔骰子，温故旧知，发现新知。 一分钟结束后，我检查了各组比赛的情况，并让学生将投骰子的情况列成算式，看看可以分成几类,为什么这样分, 结果列式如下: 通过对以上列表的观察，学生发现这些算式中，折线左上方的复式是1O以内的加法，右下方的是20以内进位加法，计算这两种算式的也不一样。 三、投股子。计点数，寻找规律。 观察算式列表规律以后，我继续引导学生:"你们能借助用骰子计算出10以上的加法算式吗,算一算，看看准算得快,想一想有什么好办法能算得快, 课堂上又热闹起来了。有掰手指计算的，有按骰于点数继续往上数累外得出结果的，有口算的„„经过一段时间的计算，大多数学生都得出了计算结果。 四、投骰子，说——算——编，拓展思维。 说学生得出计算结果后，我接着让学生说是怎么计算的,学生说出自己的计算方法后，我首先都给予肯定。然后再引导学生比较一下，哪一种方法计算更快。 结果，学生发现:累加法，数字大了，要一个一个地数很慢;"凑十法"运用起来更快。如:"8，7"可以把7分成5和2，再将2和8凑成10，加上剩下的5，就等于15。 思维过程如图所示:(图略) 算学生先根据上述思维方法，尝试着算一算其他列式，看看是否能比其他计算方法来得快。然后分组投骰子，练习用以上思维方法计算得数;一个同学一边投，一边计算，另一个同学评价他是否计算有错。 编在完成了以上思维训练的基础上，我又接着让学生借助骰子，一 17 边投，一边编练习题。 如:小明投的点数是14，你第一次投的是8，还要投个什么数才能与小明的点数相等,投什么数可以赢小明, 列式:8+()=14 8+()>14 学生分组，根据自己投的骰子点数一个说列式，一个算列式，课堂上又是一阵热闹。 这一节课，学生在投骰子的活动中，学习兴趣浓厚，参与面广，不但学会了用"凑十法"计算20以内的加法的数理，而且思维活跃，在思维的拓展性与创造性方面也得到了一定的训练、整个教学过程，拔骰子只是一个引发学生参与学习活动的契机或方式。练习过程中，让学生通过动手、动脑、动p去感受知识的内在联系，学生的主体活动有了一定的深度和广度，思维认训练也就有了一定的深度和广度。 75、妙用学具——把游戏的愉悦带给孩子 在这一个学期，我们的数学学具还真的不少。棉签棒、数字卡、口算卡、计数器、彩珠、色子、自制七巧板„„在感受数时，让孩子们拿出自己的棉签棒，练习数数，1个1个数;2个2个数;5个5个数„„学习进位加法时，满10个捆一捆;还准备了小小计数器，孩子们“我说你拨”或“我拨你说”，玩的很有兴致。我还拿出以前的老教具，彩色的小珠子，让孩子们数数，色彩鲜艳，孩子们也很喜欢;还有数字卡片、口算卡片，人手一套;还有一个我最担心的色子，怕不好用，开始一直没敢发，一怕孩子乱丢，保管不善，二怕课堂上噼里啪啦太吵。我就在发之前想了一个“妙招”:口算做的好，或是上课时发言积极，或是小组合作愉快的，或是会正确评价别人的，反正找个理由，就把色子作为奖品发给他们一个，同桌合作玩。我记得我是周一的上午发的，要求是:老师还有一个色子作为奖品，但是有个要求，这个色子不能弄丢，玩的时候，尽量不要发出声音，想办法不要掉到地上，否则，没收“奖品”，一直坚持到周五，你的色子很听你的话，老师就再奖励一个色子。嗨呀，孩子们还真的很好哄，两个班的孩子拿着自己的“奖品”——色子玩得很开心，并且没有一个弄丢，我真的很佩服他们哦。周五，我就要兑现诺言了，作为奖励又发了一个色子，奖励他们可以带回去和爸爸妈妈一起玩。数学课好玩，数学课个个提前做好准备，“课前三分钟”，孩子做主角，老师做观众，我也找到了数学的快乐～在愉快的情境下，学生接受知识的效率会更高。然而孩子的天性是爱玩的，生本，就是适应了孩子好玩的天性，提倡在玩中学，在游戏中学。在生本的课堂中，真正把学习的喜悦带给了孩子。看似在玩，实际孩子在玩时的收获何止是书本上仅有的呢, 一年级数学课堂小游戏 《猜拳游戏》 游戏目的:练习数的组成。 游戏过程:例如:师:下面我们做关于“6”的游戏 我出2(手势:伸两个手指) 生:我出4(手势:伸四个手指) 2和4合成6 可以老师和学生猜，同桌互相猜。 “拍手”游戏目的:练习数的组成。 游戏过程:师:下面我们做关于“7”的游戏 师先拍3下，要求学生不说话，只拍手，拍完后，才说“几和几合成7”。 《找朋友》 游戏目的:使学生能正确计算10以内的加法( 18 游戏准备:1(若干套1到9的数字卡片( 2(每次游戏前发给每个学生1张( 游戏过程:1(把几套从1到9的数字卡片分别发给全班同学，戴在胸前(全班同学围成一圈做丢手帕的游戏，捉到谁，谁就站在圈中央找出自己的朋友来搭救自己( 2(数字凑成10才能做朋友(可以是两人做朋友，如7和3，也可是三人做朋友，如2，4和4，还可以是四人、五人„„做朋友)，朋友越多越好( 3(根据找到朋友的人数多少，大家用掌握声进行奖励，找到一个朋友，鼓一次 掌，找到两个朋友鼓两次掌，以此类推( 《摸几何图形》 游戏目的:训练学生用触摸的方法对看不见的几何图形进行分类，巩固他们对几何图形的特征辨认。 游戏材料:三角形、圆形、正方形、长方形的硬纸片若干，一个纸盒，一块大手帕。 游戏过程:(1)将若干三角形、圆形、正方形、长方形硬纸片放进纸盒里，用手帕盖好 (2)纸盒外边分别放一块三角形、圆形、正方形、长方形纸片; (3)一个小朋友把一只手伸进纸盒摸图形，另一只手在纸盒外边拿一个与摸到的图形同类的图形，然后将摸到的图形拿出来进行比较。如两只手中的图形确是同一类型，得10分，并可继续摸一次;如两只手中的图形不是同一类型，不给分，且不再摸。注意事项:盒子里面的图形与盒子外边的图形尽可能大小相等，否则会给儿童做游戏带来难度。当然增加难度，可以加上各种立体图形。 《搭积木》 游戏目的:1(通过学生接触不同形状的积木，熟悉各立体图形的特征( 2(培养学生动手操作能力( 游戏准备:有正方体、长方体、球、圆柱等形状的积木( 游戏过程:1(学生分为若干小组，每组发给一副积木( 2(以小组为单位，合作搭积木，用不同形状的积木搭成自己喜欢的事物(如:桥、房 子等)( 3(将各小组的作品摆在一起，由各小组推举的一名学生讲解自己组摆的是什么事物，用了那些形状的积木，并一一指出来( 4(全体学生评判出最优作品( 《拼一拼，摆一摆》 游戏目的:1(通过游戏，培养学生的空间观念( 2(培养学生的动手操作能力( 游戏准备:1(教师提前准备一个用长方体、正方体、圆柱和球拼摆的玩具( 2(每个学生准备与教师相同的长方体、正方体、圆柱和球各若干个 游戏过程:1(教师分步描述自己的玩具((玩具不要让学生看见) 2(学生根据教师的描述逐步拼摆( 3(教师将自己的玩具展示给学生看，全班同学一起评选与教师玩具相似的作品( 4(谁的作品与教师的玩具最相似，哪个学生就获得“小小设计师”的称号( 《猜猜看》 游戏目的:1(通过游戏使学生加深对长方体、正方体、圆柱和球等立体图形的认识( 19 2(发展学生的数学交流能力( 游戏准备:每人准备一盒积木( 游戏过程:1(教师将全班学生分成若干个小组，每组两名学生( 2(将积木放入课桌中，其中一个学生随便摸出一块积木(不要让另外一个学生看到)，然后摸的学生说明积木的特征( 数学可不是只有1+1=2，数学王国里的臣子臣民们可是很多哦，而能够认识数学、善用数学的宝宝，未来的成就才会更大。 为了让爸妈可以在生活中就能简单建立宝宝的数学概念，我们特别从“金钱的运用、时间、量的比较、逻辑”四大数学范畴，设计了20种玩数学的游戏，让爸妈轻松培养出数学小天才。 Part1 学习如何运用金钱 “钱”对宝宝来说，刚开始可能只是能用来买东西的工具，不过，爸妈可以通过生活中的经验，慢慢让宝宝了解钱不是凭空而来的，建立正确的金钱观，年龄再大之后，可以进一步教导他试着学会存钱以及爱惜物品的观念。 游戏1:认识钱币 游戏方法: 1、先准备1角、5角、1元不同的硬币。 2、教宝宝排列形状，由小排到大或大到小。 3、并教他认识上面的数字。 4、告诉他数字越大代表越有份量，可以买比较多或贵的东西。 游戏目的:教给他简单的数字概念，并认识钱币的不同，同时可利用钱币的大小，让他知道，少的面额形状比较小一点，多的面额形状大一点。 游戏2:跳蚤市场 游戏方法: 1、爸妈先准备一些要卖的物品，例如娃娃、玩具、铅笔。 2、然后准备一些零钱(也可以用假币)给宝宝。 3、由爸妈来扮演老板，宝宝演客人，请宝宝来买东西。 4、对于小宝宝，爸妈可以把每个东西都定一样的价格，例如全部定价1角或1元。若宝宝对于数字、金钱很有概念，则可以依照不同东西、不同定价来让宝宝来买东西。 游戏目的:通过买卖可让宝宝建立买东西要使用钱的常识，也让他知道钱用完了就不能再买东西，同时，建立简单的物品价值观念。 游戏3:一起去买东西 游戏方法: 1、爸妈带着宝宝一起出门买东西。 2、可以拿起物品，告诉他上面贴的是价钱，要有足够的钱才能买东西。 3、接着让宝宝看妈妈和售货员交易，之后再告诉宝宝，如果妈妈给的钱是刚好的，就不用找钱，不然就要等售货员找钱。 4、可以给宝宝刚好的钱，训练他自己去买其中一个小额商品，例如一包糖果等。 游戏目的:通过看标价、实际拿钱购买，慢慢让宝宝理解钱的用途以及钱与物的对应关系。 游戏4:我要存钱 游戏方法: 1、当宝宝已经了解物品要有钱才能购买之后，爸妈可以开始教他存钱。 2、如果他想买某个玩具，爸妈就告诉他等存够了钱再去买。 20 3、借机教他把过年红包存起来，或是当宝宝有一项好行为时，给予零用钱作鼓励。 4、等存了足够的钱时，再带他去买想要的物品。 游戏目的:养成他存钱的习惯，不过也提醒爸妈如果是好行为(例如帮妈妈做家事、说话算话)而给予零用钱时，要注意不要让宝宝造成没有给钱就不帮忙做家事的反效果。 游戏5:彩页比一比 游戏方法: 1、爸妈可以收集超市、药房、电视购物等各种有标价钱的DM。 2、然后把里面宝宝熟悉的物品剪下来，例如糖果、水果、玩具。 3、教宝宝认识物品与价钱的概念。 4、指出不同彩页的相同糖果，让宝宝看看价钱是不是不一样。如果不同彩页标示的价格不同，可以问宝宝应该选择哪张彩页的去买。 游戏目的:让宝宝有机会从照片去联想实品，并学会买东西，也能比较不同的地方相同的物品，可能会有不同的售价。 Part2 帮助建立时间观念 时间对宝宝来说是蛮抽象的概念，比较不容易理解，因此，可利用一些想法或道具把时间找出来，让宝宝渐渐认识时间的存在。所以，时间不单只局限在看时钟，而是全面让宝宝建立时间的概念。 游戏6:白天或晚上 游戏方法: 1、告诉宝宝天亮时有太阳就是白天，白天可以玩、吃饭、出门。 2、告诉宝宝天黑时有月亮就是晚上，晚上要休息、睡觉。 3、如果宝宝已经能理解白天和晚上，就可以进一步让宝宝认识中午及下午或清晨的时间观。 游戏目的:让宝宝随着天色的转变而有白天及夜晚的分别，慢慢还可以增加不同时段的天气变化观察，例如太阳下山、太阳升起。 游戏7:一星期有七天 游戏方法: 1、爸妈可以准备一张画好七个格子的纸张。 2、编上星期一,星期日的文字，星期六、日可用星星表示。 3、从星期一醒来就给宝宝一张贴纸贴在第一格，并提醒他今天星期一先贴第一张。 4、星期二贴第二张、星期三贴上第三张，以此类推，让宝宝有时间累加的感觉。 5、到了假日就可以给予不同颜色或造型的贴纸，让他感觉假日这两天不太一样。 游戏目的:时间变化也是数学观念之一，通过一星期有七天的认识，能让宝宝有时间前进的感觉，并可理解星期一至星期五爸妈要上班，假日才能放假。 游戏8:时间配对 游戏方法: 1、把每天及每周固定的行为或活动加以强调，例如白天上幼儿园时就告诉宝宝:“现在是早上8点你要去上学，我要去上班，下午五点爸爸会去接你。” 2、下午接宝宝时可以告诉他:“已经下午5点，要放学回家了。”久了之后宝宝就会有时间与行为的联结。 3、也可以在每个假日都固定让他看卡通录像带，可以对宝宝说:“星期六白天你就可以在家看录像带。”以后宝宝看见妈妈准备放卡通录像带，就会了解今天又到星期六了。 游戏目的:把生活中的固定活动转变为时间的概念，随着年龄增加，就会更清楚什么时间会发生什么事情。 21 游戏9:现在该做什么 游戏方法: 1、先准备一个大时钟或爸妈利用纸板自行制作一个能转动的时钟也可以。 2、然后在不同时间旁边，贴上相关的图片，例如早上8点旁贴上牙刷及毛巾(表示刷牙洗脸)、12点贴上食物(代表吃饭)、下午3点贴上玩具(代表游戏)„„以此类推。 3、让宝宝依照生活起居，查觉时间的进前。爸妈平常可以问他，中午12点我们应该做什么事呢,或是宝宝想吃饭时，要他去看看时钟走到食物的位置了吗, 游戏目的:让宝宝更有时间观念，也能了解自己一整天的作息，同时能促使他养成固定的生活习惯。 游戏10:看照片想一想 游戏方法: 1、爸妈先找出以前出游的照片。 2、指出某些照片，让宝宝自己回想当时的状况、出游内容。 3、再告诉宝宝这些都是以前发生的经验，让宝宝理解过去的意义。 4、再问宝宝现在他在做什么，现在做的事情就是今天。 5、再问宝宝以后想去哪里玩，还不能马上做的，就是明天(未来)。 游戏目的:宝宝通常会把过去的经验都称为昨天(即使是一个月前)，不过，通过回忆、思考，可以让宝宝慢慢建立今天、昨天、明天的概念。 Part3 学习量的比较 “量”的概念往往是需要经过测量及估计而来，但是对宝宝而言，则是需要亲身的体验。 毫米”、“斤”等概念，对宝宝来说是无法理解，而且没有意义的。因此以大人们常用的“ 宝宝能理解的方式来建立“量”的概念，才能帮助宝宝学会测量及估计的意义。 游戏11:什么东西比较重, 游戏方法: 1、准备几个不同的物品，如娃娃、汽车、球等等。但请注意避免大的东西就一定比较重，以免造成宝宝错误的认知。 2、然后请宝宝分别用手拿拿看这些东西。 3、接着问宝宝哪一个比较重。 4、还可请他由重到轻把物品排列出来。 游戏目的:通过真实的轻重感受，宝宝比较容易建立轻和重的认知概念。另外，有些东西看起来很大，如泡棉，但是实际上却很轻，有些东西虽小，但却比较重，可以将这些情况一并提出来跟宝宝讨论，帮助宝宝理清轻重大小的概念。 游戏12:高楼比一比 游戏方法: 1、爸妈和宝宝分别迭积木，并计时1分钟。 2、再各自拿出自己迭好的积木比比看。 3、请宝宝说出是谁迭的积木比较高。 游戏目的:通过迭出不同高度的积木，宝宝可以明确感受到“量”的变化。经过实际比较后，可以“眼见为凭”确认高矮的概念。 游戏13:创意手印画 游戏方法: 1、游戏前请先准备好一张白纸及彩色笔。 2、爸妈和宝宝可以在白纸上分别描绘出自己的手掌。 3、请宝宝比比看谁的大。 22 4、如果宝宝有混淆或是不确定的情形时，也可以两人手掌对手掌，实际去看两人手掌的大小差异。 游戏目的:通过实际的观察与比对，帮助宝宝建立大小的概念。爸妈还可以活用身边的物品，如杯子、碗、鞋子等，让宝宝去比较爸妈的鞋子和宝宝鞋子的大小、大汤碗和小饭碗的大小，帮助宝宝在生活中建立量的概念。 游戏14:谁的手比较长, 游戏方法: 1、请爸妈准备好两条长线，最好是不同颜色的线，大人一种颜色，宝宝一种颜色。 2、以长线分别量宝宝和爸妈的手臂长度，并将测量结果剪下来。 3、利用剪下的线来比较谁的手臂较长。 4、然后再请宝宝拿着与自己手臂等长的线，比较家中的物品，如书或是桌子等，看看是自己的手长还是物品比较长。 游戏目的:利用实际的测量及观察，可以帮助宝宝建立长短的概念，同时了解测量的意义。 游戏15:数数乐 游戏方法: 1、先请宝宝随意捡拾小石头，然后放在桌子上。 2、接着再请爸妈另外拿一些，放在桌子的另一边。 3、请宝宝目测，哪一边的石头比较多。 4、等宝宝说完之后，邀他一起数一数，两边的石头各有几颗，并把数字写下来。 5、再来印证先前目测的答案是否正确。 6、还可再问宝宝:“多的那一边多几个,” 游戏目的:让宝宝先以目测的方式，感受量的变化，然后借由实际的数字，确认量的多少，帮助宝宝建立清楚的数量概念。除了小石头之外，爸妈也可以利用其它物品，例如积木块、红豆来进行这个游戏。当然，这个游戏在户外也可以玩。 Part4 培养逻辑能力 数学的逻辑如排序、分类、型式、配对等等，除了培养宝宝基础的数学能力外，也可以帮助宝宝把观察力变得更为敏锐，并学习通过思考的方式来解决问题。 游戏16:谁是不一样的, 游戏方法: 1、在一堆相同的东西中，放置一个不同的物品，例如:一堆书籍中，放置一辆玩具小车。 2、请宝宝拿出里头不一样的东西。 3、当宝宝把东西拿出来的时候，请宝宝试着说明为什么要拿出这个东西。 4、爸妈在聆听完宝宝的理由后，再加以适当的引导，帮助宝宝建立“异、同”的概念。 游戏目的:找出相同点或是相异点的观察能力，是培养宝宝熟练“分类”概念的基础。爸妈可以多运用生活中的东西和宝宝进行游戏。 爸妈还可以根据宝宝的实际状况，提高这个游戏的难度，比方说一堆苹果中放一个橙子;在一堆一元硬币中，放一个一角硬币，让宝宝能够区别细微的差别，同时也可以让他了解，苹果、橙子虽然形状、颜色、香味不同，但都是水果，有共同点也有不一样的地方。 游戏17:数数乐找伙伴 游戏方法: 1、请妈妈先在白纸上涂上红、蓝、绿等几种颜色。 2、然后拿出相同颜色的彩色笔或蜡笔。 23 3、请宝宝把笔放在一样的颜色下面。 4、如果宝宝没有放对，可以请宝宝用笔再画一次，观察画出的颜色，然后再进行一次配对。 游戏目的:利用操作的方式，让宝宝思考颜色和笔的关系，观察相同点，学习配对。 游戏18:玩具要回家 游戏方法: 1、请宝宝收拾玩具的时候，也是帮助宝宝学习分类的最佳时机。 2、例如问宝宝:“玩具和书可以放在一起吗,剪刀和车子呢,” 3、请宝宝把玩具、书等物品分类放好。 游戏目的:分类概念的应用是相当广泛的，而宝宝更往往会有让爸妈意想不到的分类方式，爸妈和宝宝进行游戏的时候，也不妨听听他们的理由。 游戏19:请照顺序排好 游戏方法: 1、准备大小不同的积木或是娃娃。 2、请宝宝依照大中小排成一列。 3、一开始排序的物品不要太多，可以先从3个开始，请宝宝先比较其中两个并依序排好，再拿第三个和前两个比较。可根据宝宝的能力来增加排序的数量。 游戏目的:排序是重要的数学基础，帮助宝宝发现即使是相同的东西，也有程度上的差异。刚开始，宝宝多半是依照物品的物理性质排序，如大小、粗细等。 游戏20:下一个轮到谁 游戏方法: 1、准备几个积木、车子等宝宝生活中经常有的玩具。 2、然后爸妈一边念着“车子、积木、车子、积木„„”并将物品依序排出。 3、请宝宝按照排好的物品顺序，念出他们所看到的物品。 4、然后问宝宝积木的下一个应该是什么呢,再下一个呢, 5、可以请宝宝重复多念几次，察觉出次序感。 游戏目的:相同型式是数学的概念之一，也是语言、听觉甚至是动作的训练，通过眼、耳及语言的方式，能帮助宝宝更清楚认识“型式”。 24 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 25 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 26 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 27 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 28 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 29 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 30 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 31 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 32 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 33 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 34 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 35 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 36 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 37 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 38 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 39 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 40 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 41 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 42 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 43 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 44 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 45 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 46 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 47 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 48 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 49 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 50 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 51 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 52 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 53 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 54 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 55 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 56 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 57 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 58 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 59 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 60 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 61